建筑物单体震害预测新方法探讨
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摘要
工程结构的震害预测是一门新兴的科学,它要解决的问题是在全国或某一地区范围内,在地震危险性分析、地震区划或小区划、工程建设易损性分析的基础上,对未来某一时段因地震可能造成的人员伤亡和建(构)筑物、工程设施破坏等经济、人员伤亡损失及其分布的定量估计。工程结构的震害预测是制定地震减灾规划、地震应急方案和我国实现防震减灾工作目标的一项基础性工作和重要依据。本文的研究内容仅是工程结构震害预测的一部分,主要是基于以往不同结构单体震害预测工作的基础上探讨一种较为简便的单体结构的震害预测方法。
我国现在已有的建筑物单体震害预测方法大致有历史震害统计、专家评估、半经验半理论、模糊类比、结构计算等等,但很多单体计算方法较为繁琐,实现起来工作量大。本文在前人工作的基础上,做了以下主要工作:
⑴.总结了建筑结构由于地震发生破坏的原因,筛选出影响震害的主要因素。
⑵.简单介绍了模糊评判方法及在地震工程中的运用。
⑶.整理了工作组收集的全国范围内多数做过震害预测城市的相关震害预测资料,建立了不同结构类型的单体结构震害预测区域数据库。
⑷.定义了震害影响因子(包括结构类型、建造年代、结构的层数、场地类型等),介绍了震害影响因子对结构的作用以及本文中对震害影响因子的计算方法。
⑸.参照模糊评判模型,本文建立了多因子分析单体结构震害的方法,其主要优点在于能以较为简单、可行的方式得到单体结构的震害指数,而且与以往单体结构计算结果比较,可靠度相对较高。
⑹.介绍了样本数据库查询系统的样本组成及功能模块。
⑺.本文在第四章中计算了多层砌体结构和多层钢筋混凝土框架结构的震害影响因子,并各自比较了不同震害影响因子对结构的抗震性能的影响。
Seismic damage prediction of engineering structures is a new developing subject, and the problems that it will solve is quantitative estimation of the losses and distribution of economic, such as the destruction of buildings and project facilities, and casualties, which is probably caused by the earthquake in the future, in the nationwide or within one area, based on the hazard analysis of earthquake, seismic zoning, vulnerability analysis of structure. Seismic damage prediction of engineering structures is a basic work and important basis of making earthquake disaster reduction plan, earthquake emergency scheme and the goal of Earthquake Preparedness and Disaster Reduction. The content studied in this paper, which is based on seismic damage predictions of different Single Buildings, is just a part of seismic damage prediction of engineering structures. And a relative convenient method of seismic damage prediction of Single Building is discussed in this paper.
In China, there have been some methodologies on seismic damage prediction of single building such as historical seismic damage statistics, specialist evaluation, semi-experience and semi-theory, fuzzy analogy, structural theory etc, while many of which are relatively tedious and need a heavy workload. Based on previous work, the main work is as follows:
⑴. The reasons that structures destroyed in the earthquake are summarized and the main impact factors of seismic damage of structure is selected.
⑵. The theory of fuzzy evaluation and its application in the earthquake is recommended.
⑶. The relevant materials of seismic damage prediction of the most cities that are collected by the group in the country are compiled, and then the regional database of seismic damage prediction of different structures is set up.
⑷. The seismic damage impact factors (including Structure type, Built year, Story number, Site type etc) are defined. In addition, the influence that impact factor plays and its calculation method is also introduced in the paper.
⑸. According to fuzzy evaluation model, the method of seismic damage of single building of multi-factor analysis is established, and the main advantage is capable of gaining seismic damage of single building relatively simply and feasibly. And the reliability of the results that are compared with previous results of single building is relative high.
⑹. The sample compositions and function modules of database query system are introduced in the paper.
⑺. The seismic damage impact factors of multistory masonry structure and multistory reinforced concrete frame structure are calculated in the chapter four and the influence that impact factors impose to seismic behavior is compared respectively.
我国现在已有的建筑物单体震害预测方法大致有历史震害统计、专家评估、半经验半理论、模糊类比、结构计算等等,但很多单体计算方法较为繁琐,实现起来工作量大。本文在前人工作的基础上,做了以下主要工作:
⑴.总结了建筑结构由于地震发生破坏的原因,筛选出影响震害的主要因素。
⑵.简单介绍了模糊评判方法及在地震工程中的运用。
⑶.整理了工作组收集的全国范围内多数做过震害预测城市的相关震害预测资料,建立了不同结构类型的单体结构震害预测区域数据库。
⑷.定义了震害影响因子(包括结构类型、建造年代、结构的层数、场地类型等),介绍了震害影响因子对结构的作用以及本文中对震害影响因子的计算方法。
⑸.参照模糊评判模型,本文建立了多因子分析单体结构震害的方法,其主要优点在于能以较为简单、可行的方式得到单体结构的震害指数,而且与以往单体结构计算结果比较,可靠度相对较高。
⑹.介绍了样本数据库查询系统的样本组成及功能模块。
⑺.本文在第四章中计算了多层砌体结构和多层钢筋混凝土框架结构的震害影响因子,并各自比较了不同震害影响因子对结构的抗震性能的影响。
Seismic damage prediction of engineering structures is a new developing subject, and the problems that it will solve is quantitative estimation of the losses and distribution of economic, such as the destruction of buildings and project facilities, and casualties, which is probably caused by the earthquake in the future, in the nationwide or within one area, based on the hazard analysis of earthquake, seismic zoning, vulnerability analysis of structure. Seismic damage prediction of engineering structures is a basic work and important basis of making earthquake disaster reduction plan, earthquake emergency scheme and the goal of Earthquake Preparedness and Disaster Reduction. The content studied in this paper, which is based on seismic damage predictions of different Single Buildings, is just a part of seismic damage prediction of engineering structures. And a relative convenient method of seismic damage prediction of Single Building is discussed in this paper.
In China, there have been some methodologies on seismic damage prediction of single building such as historical seismic damage statistics, specialist evaluation, semi-experience and semi-theory, fuzzy analogy, structural theory etc, while many of which are relatively tedious and need a heavy workload. Based on previous work, the main work is as follows:
⑴. The reasons that structures destroyed in the earthquake are summarized and the main impact factors of seismic damage of structure is selected.
⑵. The theory of fuzzy evaluation and its application in the earthquake is recommended.
⑶. The relevant materials of seismic damage prediction of the most cities that are collected by the group in the country are compiled, and then the regional database of seismic damage prediction of different structures is set up.
⑷. The seismic damage impact factors (including Structure type, Built year, Story number, Site type etc) are defined. In addition, the influence that impact factor plays and its calculation method is also introduced in the paper.
⑸. According to fuzzy evaluation model, the method of seismic damage of single building of multi-factor analysis is established, and the main advantage is capable of gaining seismic damage of single building relatively simply and feasibly. And the reliability of the results that are compared with previous results of single building is relative high.
⑹. The sample compositions and function modules of database query system are introduced in the paper.
⑺. The seismic damage impact factors of multistory masonry structure and multistory reinforced concrete frame structure are calculated in the chapter four and the influence that impact factors impose to seismic behavior is compared respectively.
引文
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