列车绝缘参数测试仪的开发
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摘要
列车绝缘参数检测是保证列车正常供电和行车安全的重要环节。
列车绝缘参数检测有其自身的特点:一是测量参数单一,只需测量出列车干线相间和对地的绝缘电阻即可;二是测量数据量大,需要测量列车子车和母车的绝缘电阻,对于单列列车,根据其配电形式不同,如三相制配电方式下需要同时测出AB、AC、BC、AN、BN和CN各相间和线间的绝缘参数才能判断列车绝缘性能好坏,一次测量操作的数据量很大;三是现场打印测量数据,保证数据的可靠性:四是测试仪要求体积小、重量轻、携带方便。
本文重点论述了列车绝缘参数测试仪的软硬件设计方案和实现方法。。
绝缘测试仪中高压发生器是系统的重要组成部分,本文设计的DC-DC升压电路,独特的变压器绕制结构和PWM工作方式,不仅简化了电路构成,减小了测试仪体积,还实现了在低压端切换电压量程,提高系统的安全性。
对于检测系统来说,测试数据的精度是重要的技术指标,其不仅受测量电源稳定性的影响,还跟测量方法有关。本文采用的双支路测量网络,测量原理简单,实现方便,其结果完全抵消了测量电压波动的影响,降低了电源制作难度,提高了数据测量精度。
此外,本文通过单片机SPI接口扩展大容量存储单元,可将绝缘电阻值、测量时间、测量车次号、人员号以及现场温湿度等参数以记录的形式长期保存,满足列车绝缘参数测量数据量大的要求,方便进行数据回溯。
同时,系统还提供了微型打印机接口,测量完毕后即可现场打印结果,提高数据的可靠性,省时省力。
本测试仪可使操作人员迅速直观地判断列车绝缘状态,提高故障判断效率,保证列车运行的安全。
Insulation parameter testing of train is an important means to ensure the train normally power supply and the train traffic safety.
Insulation parameter testing of train has some characteristics: Firstly, only one insulation parameter needs to be tested. The insulation resistance between phases and to the ground will be tested. Secondly, it has a large amount of testing data. Not only the main train but also the sub train needs to test insulation resistances. In addition, according to different forms of distribution, for example the three-phase 4-wire distribution form, we need to test the resistances between phases of AB,AC,BC,AN,BN and CN, so the amount of data is very large. Thirdly, it needs to print data measured at the scene to ensure the reliability of the data. Finally, the instrument must be small size, light weight, easy to carry.
This thesis introduces the hardware and software project design of insulation parameter testing instrument and their application.
High-voltage generator is an important part of the insulation testing instrument. This paper designed a DC-DC boost circuit, whose unique transformer winding structure and PWM work methods make the structure of circuit simple, decrease the volume of instrument and switch the voltage range in the low voltage-switching, thus it can improve security of the system.
The accuracy of measurement data is an important specification according to the testing system. Not only power stability will affect the accuracy, but the measurement method will. In this paper, double slip measurement model is introduced, its measuring principle is very simple, and easy to realize. More importantly it can offset the impact of the power stability, reduce the difficulty of power production and improve the data accuracy.
In addition, this thesis extends the memory cell based on microcontroller SPI interface. Insulation resistance values, measuring time, measuring train, measuring staff, temperature and humidity at the scene can be stored in the form of stored records. It can meet the requirement of large amount of data measured and facilitate data query.
At the same time, the system also provides micro-printer interface, which can printer data measured at the scene. It can improve data reliability.
This instrument helps operator judge the insulation state of train, improve the efficiency of fault judgment and guarantee the train traffic safety.
列车绝缘参数检测有其自身的特点:一是测量参数单一,只需测量出列车干线相间和对地的绝缘电阻即可;二是测量数据量大,需要测量列车子车和母车的绝缘电阻,对于单列列车,根据其配电形式不同,如三相制配电方式下需要同时测出AB、AC、BC、AN、BN和CN各相间和线间的绝缘参数才能判断列车绝缘性能好坏,一次测量操作的数据量很大;三是现场打印测量数据,保证数据的可靠性:四是测试仪要求体积小、重量轻、携带方便。
本文重点论述了列车绝缘参数测试仪的软硬件设计方案和实现方法。。
绝缘测试仪中高压发生器是系统的重要组成部分,本文设计的DC-DC升压电路,独特的变压器绕制结构和PWM工作方式,不仅简化了电路构成,减小了测试仪体积,还实现了在低压端切换电压量程,提高系统的安全性。
对于检测系统来说,测试数据的精度是重要的技术指标,其不仅受测量电源稳定性的影响,还跟测量方法有关。本文采用的双支路测量网络,测量原理简单,实现方便,其结果完全抵消了测量电压波动的影响,降低了电源制作难度,提高了数据测量精度。
此外,本文通过单片机SPI接口扩展大容量存储单元,可将绝缘电阻值、测量时间、测量车次号、人员号以及现场温湿度等参数以记录的形式长期保存,满足列车绝缘参数测量数据量大的要求,方便进行数据回溯。
同时,系统还提供了微型打印机接口,测量完毕后即可现场打印结果,提高数据的可靠性,省时省力。
本测试仪可使操作人员迅速直观地判断列车绝缘状态,提高故障判断效率,保证列车运行的安全。
Insulation parameter testing of train is an important means to ensure the train normally power supply and the train traffic safety.
Insulation parameter testing of train has some characteristics: Firstly, only one insulation parameter needs to be tested. The insulation resistance between phases and to the ground will be tested. Secondly, it has a large amount of testing data. Not only the main train but also the sub train needs to test insulation resistances. In addition, according to different forms of distribution, for example the three-phase 4-wire distribution form, we need to test the resistances between phases of AB,AC,BC,AN,BN and CN, so the amount of data is very large. Thirdly, it needs to print data measured at the scene to ensure the reliability of the data. Finally, the instrument must be small size, light weight, easy to carry.
This thesis introduces the hardware and software project design of insulation parameter testing instrument and their application.
High-voltage generator is an important part of the insulation testing instrument. This paper designed a DC-DC boost circuit, whose unique transformer winding structure and PWM work methods make the structure of circuit simple, decrease the volume of instrument and switch the voltage range in the low voltage-switching, thus it can improve security of the system.
The accuracy of measurement data is an important specification according to the testing system. Not only power stability will affect the accuracy, but the measurement method will. In this paper, double slip measurement model is introduced, its measuring principle is very simple, and easy to realize. More importantly it can offset the impact of the power stability, reduce the difficulty of power production and improve the data accuracy.
In addition, this thesis extends the memory cell based on microcontroller SPI interface. Insulation resistance values, measuring time, measuring train, measuring staff, temperature and humidity at the scene can be stored in the form of stored records. It can meet the requirement of large amount of data measured and facilitate data query.
At the same time, the system also provides micro-printer interface, which can printer data measured at the scene. It can improve data reliability.
This instrument helps operator judge the insulation state of train, improve the efficiency of fault judgment and guarantee the train traffic safety.
引文
[1]马春排,张源斌.绝缘电阻数字化测量的研究.中国仪器仪表.2002(1).P7-P8
[2]周锋,孟晓风,徐志坚.便携式绝缘测试仪表检定装置.航空计测技术.2004(3).P22
[3]王虹桥.附加直流电源的电缆绝缘在线监测新方法.煤炭科学技术.2000(4).P19-P21
[4]李明华,董明,严璋等.一种新的绝缘检测方法一回复电压法.高电压技术.2002(8).P43-P45
[5]艾静,苏燕辰,何玉才.列车绝缘检测仪设计.中国测试技术.2007(7).P133
[6]郭鸣.浅谈绝缘电阻测试.电动工具.2006(1).P23
[7]陈冬云,杜敬仓,任柯燕等.ATmega128单片机原理与开发指导.机械工业出版社.2006.1.
[8]朱敏等.CAN总线在数据采集与控制系统中的应用.合肥工业大学学报.2002(3).P345-P349
[9]徐萍.绝缘电阻的测量及影响绝缘电阻的主要因素.煤矿开采.2001(4).P78-P79
[10]吴隆安,涂从欢,邓想珍,赖寿宏.高频开关电源变压器设计原理.华中理工大学学报.1996(8).P41
[11][日]户川治朗著,高玉苹,唐伯雁,李大寨译,宗光华校.实用电源电路设计.北京:科学出版社.2006(1).P187
[12]电子变压器委员会.电子变压器手册.辽宁科学技术出版社.1998(8)
[13]李东杰,何承基.全电子引信中高压变换器的设计与分析.P495
[14]李杭生等.铁路信号微机监测系统中电缆绝缘在线检测.武汉水利电力大学学报.2000(6).P92-P94
[15]王胜恩等.绝缘电阻的测量.河北工业大学成人教育学院学报.2001(2).P23-P26
[16]熊磊,张鹏,姚冬萍.新型大容量闪存AT45DB041.世界电子元器件.2002(3).P16-P17
[17]刘西玲.MCS-51系列单片机与微型打印机的接口设计.天水师范学院学报.2004(10).P56-P57
[18]曹小菲,王仲东,黄剑等.微机多串口通信在监控系统中的应用.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.2003
[19]求是科技编著.单片机典型模块设计实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社.2005(8).P366
[2]周锋,孟晓风,徐志坚.便携式绝缘测试仪表检定装置.航空计测技术.2004(3).P22
[3]王虹桥.附加直流电源的电缆绝缘在线监测新方法.煤炭科学技术.2000(4).P19-P21
[4]李明华,董明,严璋等.一种新的绝缘检测方法一回复电压法.高电压技术.2002(8).P43-P45
[5]艾静,苏燕辰,何玉才.列车绝缘检测仪设计.中国测试技术.2007(7).P133
[6]郭鸣.浅谈绝缘电阻测试.电动工具.2006(1).P23
[7]陈冬云,杜敬仓,任柯燕等.ATmega128单片机原理与开发指导.机械工业出版社.2006.1.
[8]朱敏等.CAN总线在数据采集与控制系统中的应用.合肥工业大学学报.2002(3).P345-P349
[9]徐萍.绝缘电阻的测量及影响绝缘电阻的主要因素.煤矿开采.2001(4).P78-P79
[10]吴隆安,涂从欢,邓想珍,赖寿宏.高频开关电源变压器设计原理.华中理工大学学报.1996(8).P41
[11][日]户川治朗著,高玉苹,唐伯雁,李大寨译,宗光华校.实用电源电路设计.北京:科学出版社.2006(1).P187
[12]电子变压器委员会.电子变压器手册.辽宁科学技术出版社.1998(8)
[13]李东杰,何承基.全电子引信中高压变换器的设计与分析.P495
[14]李杭生等.铁路信号微机监测系统中电缆绝缘在线检测.武汉水利电力大学学报.2000(6).P92-P94
[15]王胜恩等.绝缘电阻的测量.河北工业大学成人教育学院学报.2001(2).P23-P26
[16]熊磊,张鹏,姚冬萍.新型大容量闪存AT45DB041.世界电子元器件.2002(3).P16-P17
[17]刘西玲.MCS-51系列单片机与微型打印机的接口设计.天水师范学院学报.2004(10).P56-P57
[18]曹小菲,王仲东,黄剑等.微机多串口通信在监控系统中的应用.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.2003
[19]求是科技编著.单片机典型模块设计实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社.2005(8).P366