一种医疗设备通用数字高频开关电源设计
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摘要
嵌入式开关电源管理集成电路是国际最新技术进展,它具有高集成度,高性价比,最简外围电路,最佳性能指标,能够成高效率电源等优点,得到了广泛应用。本文目的为设计一种采用PWM工作方式的数字化医用型单片式高频开关电源管理电路。该电路可以稳定输出满足一般中低压医疗设备所需求的稳定电压和电流,并具有良好的自检测,保护和人机交互功能。
本论文完成了电路原理体系的设计,电路硬件设计以及电路软件设计。结果表明电路完成了设计功能,达到设计指标；漏电流满足医疗设备要求。
文章首先对开关电源的基本原理分析进行了深入分析,综合功能,效益两个方面的考虑,采用决定采用PWM的数字化模式,并且初步给出了参数要求。同时,结合基本原理进行了体系概念设计,整个体系结构结合国际电工委员会制定的嵌入式系统体系结构标准,开关电源体系结构标准和医疗仪器设备安全性标准,使得整个数字化开关电源既具有开放性,又具有高安全性。
其次,文章硬件电路设计和制作进行了深入阐述。特别在设计过程中,结合体系设计,引入现代软件工程设计思想,采用自顶向下的方法,逐步细分系统,设计出高内聚和电耦合的电路模块,再以模块为单元逐个设计出电路图。综合考虑到医疗电源的安全性的要求,提出了“4种地”的概念,并且据此对电路进行了大模块划分,亦即高压开关电源主电路模块,中压开关电源PWM控制电路模块和低压单片机电路模块。
最后,文章对软件系统设计和编写进行了详细阐述。软件设计以开关电源基本原理的基础,体系设计为依据,结合硬件电路特征和元件特征,综合分析一般通用性电源工作流程,设计出的具有人机交互功能的现代全数字控制系统。
As one of the latest international technological achievements, the single-chip switching power supply which is managed by the IC,has been widely used.This system is featured by high integration,high performance cost ratio,the most simple external circuit,the best performance indicator, an integral part of high-efficiency power supply, etc.This thesis aims at designing a digital medical high-frequency single-chip switching power supply, using the work pattern of PWM.This circuit can output steady voltage and electric current that can satisfy the need of normal middle and low-voltage armarium,functions of self-detection,protection and human-computer interaction.
This thesis has designed the circuit system, including hardware and software. The results show that the circuit has finished feature design, and reached design targets; Leakage current has met the requirements for armarium.
Firstly,this thesis gives a in-depth analysis on the basic principles of switching power. By considering aspects of functions and benefits, we decide to adopt the PWM digital mode, and give the preliminary requirements for parameters.Meanwhile,we design a conceptual system on basic principles so that the entire digital switching power supply is featured by openness and high security. Structure of the whole system is in line with embedded system structure standards, switching power supply structure standards and medical equipment safety standards, which are made by International Electrotechnical Commission.
Secondly, the thesis elaborates design and production of the hardware circuit in depth.Particularly,combining with system design,we introduce modern software engineering design thought and use top-down approach to refine system gradually to design a circuit module with high cohesion and electric coupling, finally we design the whole schematic by model as a unit.Considering the safety demands required by medical supply, the thesis proposes the conception "FOUR GROUNDS",according to which we divide the circuit in large scale—high-voltage switching power supply control circuit, medium voltage switching power supply PWM control circuit and low-voltage SCM circuit.
Finally,this thesis elaborates design and program of the software system. Software was designed according to the system design on the basic principles of switching power supply,combining with features of the hardware circuit and components.This thesis comprehensively analyzes the workflow of the universal power supply and designs modern digital control systems with the function of human-computer interaction.
本论文完成了电路原理体系的设计,电路硬件设计以及电路软件设计。结果表明电路完成了设计功能,达到设计指标；漏电流满足医疗设备要求。
文章首先对开关电源的基本原理分析进行了深入分析,综合功能,效益两个方面的考虑,采用决定采用PWM的数字化模式,并且初步给出了参数要求。同时,结合基本原理进行了体系概念设计,整个体系结构结合国际电工委员会制定的嵌入式系统体系结构标准,开关电源体系结构标准和医疗仪器设备安全性标准,使得整个数字化开关电源既具有开放性,又具有高安全性。
其次,文章硬件电路设计和制作进行了深入阐述。特别在设计过程中,结合体系设计,引入现代软件工程设计思想,采用自顶向下的方法,逐步细分系统,设计出高内聚和电耦合的电路模块,再以模块为单元逐个设计出电路图。综合考虑到医疗电源的安全性的要求,提出了“4种地”的概念,并且据此对电路进行了大模块划分,亦即高压开关电源主电路模块,中压开关电源PWM控制电路模块和低压单片机电路模块。
最后,文章对软件系统设计和编写进行了详细阐述。软件设计以开关电源基本原理的基础,体系设计为依据,结合硬件电路特征和元件特征,综合分析一般通用性电源工作流程,设计出的具有人机交互功能的现代全数字控制系统。
As one of the latest international technological achievements, the single-chip switching power supply which is managed by the IC,has been widely used.This system is featured by high integration,high performance cost ratio,the most simple external circuit,the best performance indicator, an integral part of high-efficiency power supply, etc.This thesis aims at designing a digital medical high-frequency single-chip switching power supply, using the work pattern of PWM.This circuit can output steady voltage and electric current that can satisfy the need of normal middle and low-voltage armarium,functions of self-detection,protection and human-computer interaction.
This thesis has designed the circuit system, including hardware and software. The results show that the circuit has finished feature design, and reached design targets; Leakage current has met the requirements for armarium.
Firstly,this thesis gives a in-depth analysis on the basic principles of switching power. By considering aspects of functions and benefits, we decide to adopt the PWM digital mode, and give the preliminary requirements for parameters.Meanwhile,we design a conceptual system on basic principles so that the entire digital switching power supply is featured by openness and high security. Structure of the whole system is in line with embedded system structure standards, switching power supply structure standards and medical equipment safety standards, which are made by International Electrotechnical Commission.
Secondly, the thesis elaborates design and production of the hardware circuit in depth.Particularly,combining with system design,we introduce modern software engineering design thought and use top-down approach to refine system gradually to design a circuit module with high cohesion and electric coupling, finally we design the whole schematic by model as a unit.Considering the safety demands required by medical supply, the thesis proposes the conception "FOUR GROUNDS",according to which we divide the circuit in large scale—high-voltage switching power supply control circuit, medium voltage switching power supply PWM control circuit and low-voltage SCM circuit.
Finally,this thesis elaborates design and program of the software system. Software was designed according to the system design on the basic principles of switching power supply,combining with features of the hardware circuit and components.This thesis comprehensively analyzes the workflow of the universal power supply and designs modern digital control systems with the function of human-computer interaction.
引文
1刘胜利,李龙文.高频开关电源新技术应用[M].中国电力出版社,2008.
2黄刚.国外开关电源的现状与技术追求[J].电源世界,2000
3阮新波,严仰光.直流一直流变换器的软开关技术[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
4沙占友等。新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
5 PI公司产品手册[M].1999
6 ST公司产品手册[M].2002
7 Philips公司产品手册.2000
8叶天培.世界DC-DC模块电源的发展趋势[J].混合微电子技术,2002,13(3)：14-15.
9张小林,冉建桥,李贤云等.我国开关电源发展的思考[A].微电子学,2004,34(3)：402-406
10张卫平.绿色电源：现代电能变换技术及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
11周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术--设计与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003.
12华东计算技术研究所电源室.晶体管开关稳压电源[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1985
13百度百关于开关电源的词条介绍.http://baike. baidu. com/view/13632. htm
14丁道宏.国内外开关电源的发展展望[C].华东地区首届电源技术研讨会暨浙江省电源学会第七界学术年会论文集,杭州：中国电源学会,2000,1-5
15 N.M.Nguyen and R. G.Meyer. Start-up and Frequency Stability in High-Frequency Oscillators[J]. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol.27, pp.810-820, May 1992.
16 K. E. Kujik. A Precision Reference Voltage Source. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. Sc-8, NO.3, pp.222-226, June 1973.
17 S. M. Sze. Physics of Semiconductor Devices[M]. Second Ed., New Jersey:Murray Hill
18 B. Wilson. Constant Bandwidth Voltage Amplifier Using Current Conveyors[J]. Inter. J. on Electronics, vol.65, NO.5, pp.983-988, Nov.1988.
19罗翠钦.电源管理与体系架构迎来革新热潮[J].中国电子报2004,6-14
20 Philip C. Todd. UC3854 Controlled Power Factor Correction Factor Design[C]. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Power Supply Control Products (PS) menu U-134
21 Fred C. Lee, Xunwei Zhou. Investigation of Power Management Issues for Future Generation Miroprocessors[J]. Seminar, Center of Power Electronics System, Virginia, USA
22林忠澄.开关电源的技术动向[C].中国航空学会信号与信息处理专业第六届学术会议论文集.北京：中国航空学会,2002,414-416
23李忠,王笑君,关德荣等.开关电源的发展动态与发展趋势[C].第十三界全国电源技术年会论文集.北京：中国电源学会,1999,513
24吴康.数字电源控制器与芯片应用[J/OL].电源网.2009.
25张磊.高精度数字开关电源系统的研究[D].电子科技大学研究生论文.2006.6.
26王小双.89C51单片机控制的开关电源[J].通讯电源技术,2004,21(4),31-33.
27赵异波,何湘宁.电力电子电路的数字化控制技术[C].中国电工技术学会电力电子学会第八届学术年会论文集.北京：中国电工技术学会,2002,942-944.
28沙占友.数字电源发展趋势与应用技术[C].今日电子电源研讨会.2007.9.
29林良锐.DC/DC变换器的DSP控制[D].北方工业大学研究生论文.2007.5.
30雷红.医疗电源的选择与应用[J].电源世界,2009,64-65
31广州金升阳有限公司.金升阳DC-DC模块电源在医用传感器电路中的应用[J/OL].中国工控网.
32 Kevin Parmenter.所有的医疗电源都一样吗[J/OL].设计创新网
33 MORNSUN公司产品技术手册与应用方案.
34徐文明.嵌入式系统结构特点[J].电测与仪表,2004,41(464),48-50
35吕京建.嵌入式处理器嵌入式系统的心脏[J].计算机元器件,1999,2,21-23
36王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001,100-109,150-151
37梁适安编译.转换式电源供给器原理与设计[M].第一版.全华科技图书股份有限公司出版世界图书出版公司重印,1990.6
38薛学明,王志宏.稳定电源及其电路实例[M].第一版.中国铁道出版社,1990.7
39王水平,付敏江.开关稳压电源—原理、设计与实用电路[M].第一版.西安电子科技大学出版社,1997.1
40陶永华.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002,1-9,23-25
41 PWM控制芯片SG3525功能简介[J/OL].电源在线网
42温子祺、刘志峰.划时代—51单片机C语言全新教程[M/OL].电子版.2010
2黄刚.国外开关电源的现状与技术追求[J].电源世界,2000
3阮新波,严仰光.直流一直流变换器的软开关技术[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
4沙占友等。新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
5 PI公司产品手册[M].1999
6 ST公司产品手册[M].2002
7 Philips公司产品手册.2000
8叶天培.世界DC-DC模块电源的发展趋势[J].混合微电子技术,2002,13(3)：14-15.
9张小林,冉建桥,李贤云等.我国开关电源发展的思考[A].微电子学,2004,34(3)：402-406
10张卫平.绿色电源：现代电能变换技术及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
11周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术--设计与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003.
12华东计算技术研究所电源室.晶体管开关稳压电源[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1985
13百度百关于开关电源的词条介绍.http://baike. baidu. com/view/13632. htm
14丁道宏.国内外开关电源的发展展望[C].华东地区首届电源技术研讨会暨浙江省电源学会第七界学术年会论文集,杭州：中国电源学会,2000,1-5
15 N.M.Nguyen and R. G.Meyer. Start-up and Frequency Stability in High-Frequency Oscillators[J]. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol.27, pp.810-820, May 1992.
16 K. E. Kujik. A Precision Reference Voltage Source. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. Sc-8, NO.3, pp.222-226, June 1973.
17 S. M. Sze. Physics of Semiconductor Devices[M]. Second Ed., New Jersey:Murray Hill
18 B. Wilson. Constant Bandwidth Voltage Amplifier Using Current Conveyors[J]. Inter. J. on Electronics, vol.65, NO.5, pp.983-988, Nov.1988.
19罗翠钦.电源管理与体系架构迎来革新热潮[J].中国电子报2004,6-14
20 Philip C. Todd. UC3854 Controlled Power Factor Correction Factor Design[C]. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Power Supply Control Products (PS) menu U-134
21 Fred C. Lee, Xunwei Zhou. Investigation of Power Management Issues for Future Generation Miroprocessors[J]. Seminar, Center of Power Electronics System, Virginia, USA
22林忠澄.开关电源的技术动向[C].中国航空学会信号与信息处理专业第六届学术会议论文集.北京：中国航空学会,2002,414-416
23李忠,王笑君,关德荣等.开关电源的发展动态与发展趋势[C].第十三界全国电源技术年会论文集.北京：中国电源学会,1999,513
24吴康.数字电源控制器与芯片应用[J/OL].电源网.2009.
25张磊.高精度数字开关电源系统的研究[D].电子科技大学研究生论文.2006.6.
26王小双.89C51单片机控制的开关电源[J].通讯电源技术,2004,21(4),31-33.
27赵异波,何湘宁.电力电子电路的数字化控制技术[C].中国电工技术学会电力电子学会第八届学术年会论文集.北京：中国电工技术学会,2002,942-944.
28沙占友.数字电源发展趋势与应用技术[C].今日电子电源研讨会.2007.9.
29林良锐.DC/DC变换器的DSP控制[D].北方工业大学研究生论文.2007.5.
30雷红.医疗电源的选择与应用[J].电源世界,2009,64-65
31广州金升阳有限公司.金升阳DC-DC模块电源在医用传感器电路中的应用[J/OL].中国工控网.
32 Kevin Parmenter.所有的医疗电源都一样吗[J/OL].设计创新网
33 MORNSUN公司产品技术手册与应用方案.
34徐文明.嵌入式系统结构特点[J].电测与仪表,2004,41(464),48-50
35吕京建.嵌入式处理器嵌入式系统的心脏[J].计算机元器件,1999,2,21-23
36王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001,100-109,150-151
37梁适安编译.转换式电源供给器原理与设计[M].第一版.全华科技图书股份有限公司出版世界图书出版公司重印,1990.6
38薛学明,王志宏.稳定电源及其电路实例[M].第一版.中国铁道出版社,1990.7
39王水平,付敏江.开关稳压电源—原理、设计与实用电路[M].第一版.西安电子科技大学出版社,1997.1
40陶永华.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002,1-9,23-25
41 PWM控制芯片SG3525功能简介[J/OL].电源在线网
42温子祺、刘志峰.划时代—51单片机C语言全新教程[M/OL].电子版.2010