开关电源PWM比较器的研究与设计
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摘要
作为电源管理芯片中的核心部分,PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)比较器需要具有高增益和适当的带宽、小的失调电压、在低功耗情况下具有较短的响应时间。本论文在分析研究现有开关电源PWM控制模式基础上,根据PWM比较器的电路结构,设计了一种应用在DC-DC开关电源控制芯片中的高性能PWM比较器。该比较器结构简单、增益高、失调电压和延时都很小、功耗低。
第一章对PWM开关电源发展、论文选题背景、本论文要做主要工作进行了介绍。第二章在分析PWM原理基础上,画出了SPICE等效模型,并给出了网表和模拟仿真结果。对开关电源的调制模式和反馈控制模式进行了分析研究。第三章分析PWM比较器的性能参数并列举了几种常见比较器结构,分析了电路原理。第四章,根据设计比较器的性能指标,利用基本CMOS模拟子电路功能,详细分析PWM比较器各个子模块,并给出了PWM比较器整体电路。第五章通过在上华0.5umCMOS工艺下采用Cadence Spectre软件对本论文设计PWM比较器性能指标进行模拟仿真和分析。仿真结果表明,达到了设计要求。在电源电压5V,温度为27℃的情况下,增益为104dB,-3dB带宽144Khz,失调电压为444uV,上升时延为99ns,下降时延为60ns,静态功耗仅530uW。通过与文献中设计的PWM比较器性能参数进行比较,得出本论文设计PWM比较器模块优点及不足。
最后,在结论中指出了本论文设计的意义及不足,还需完成版图设计后仿真等工作。
As a core of the power management chip, PWM comparator must have high gain, suitable bandwidth and small offset voltage. At the same time,it must have a low power dissipation and a short response time. So, the key of designing this kind of comparator is keeping a tradeoff among all parameters of it. Based on the analysis and comparison of modulation and control modes of PWM SMPS (SWITCHED-MODE POWER SUPPLY) , a high performance PWM comparator applied in DC-DC SMPS power management is presented. This novel PWM comparator is simple in structure, high gain, small offset voltage and response time and low power.
In the first chapter, the paper mainly introduced the PWM SMPS of development, background papers topics and its to be done. In the second chapter of this pape,we analysis the principle of PWM, draw the equivalent SPCIE model,and gives the netlist and the simulation results. And analysis the PWM SMPS control principle. In the 3rd chapter, we analysis PWM comparator of the paramenters and Performances, and enumerate some kinds of comparator and analysis their circuit principle. From the beginning of the fourth chapter, according to comparator the performance of the design indicators, and we are used of the basic CMOS analog circuits and analysis this paper applies to the SMPS PWM comparator in the various modules. And the all circuits of PWM comparator is be drawed. In the fifth chapter of this paper, we give the simulation results in detail in ShangHua 0.5um CMOS technologies through CADENCE SPECTRE Software. Simulation results shows that the required function of PWM comparator have be realized and reached our aim. We has got a result that the gain is 104.4dB, the bandwidth is 145KHz in -3dB gain, the offset voltage is 444uv, the arise response time is 99ns, the down response time is 60ns, and the power dissipation is 530uW. Then we get the advantages and shortcomings of our PWM comparator by compared with other comparators.
Finally, in conclusion we point out the meaning and shortages of this design and some work such as LAYOUT needing to do in future.
第一章对PWM开关电源发展、论文选题背景、本论文要做主要工作进行了介绍。第二章在分析PWM原理基础上,画出了SPICE等效模型,并给出了网表和模拟仿真结果。对开关电源的调制模式和反馈控制模式进行了分析研究。第三章分析PWM比较器的性能参数并列举了几种常见比较器结构,分析了电路原理。第四章,根据设计比较器的性能指标,利用基本CMOS模拟子电路功能,详细分析PWM比较器各个子模块,并给出了PWM比较器整体电路。第五章通过在上华0.5umCMOS工艺下采用Cadence Spectre软件对本论文设计PWM比较器性能指标进行模拟仿真和分析。仿真结果表明,达到了设计要求。在电源电压5V,温度为27℃的情况下,增益为104dB,-3dB带宽144Khz,失调电压为444uV,上升时延为99ns,下降时延为60ns,静态功耗仅530uW。通过与文献中设计的PWM比较器性能参数进行比较,得出本论文设计PWM比较器模块优点及不足。
最后,在结论中指出了本论文设计的意义及不足,还需完成版图设计后仿真等工作。
As a core of the power management chip, PWM comparator must have high gain, suitable bandwidth and small offset voltage. At the same time,it must have a low power dissipation and a short response time. So, the key of designing this kind of comparator is keeping a tradeoff among all parameters of it. Based on the analysis and comparison of modulation and control modes of PWM SMPS (SWITCHED-MODE POWER SUPPLY) , a high performance PWM comparator applied in DC-DC SMPS power management is presented. This novel PWM comparator is simple in structure, high gain, small offset voltage and response time and low power.
In the first chapter, the paper mainly introduced the PWM SMPS of development, background papers topics and its to be done. In the second chapter of this pape,we analysis the principle of PWM, draw the equivalent SPCIE model,and gives the netlist and the simulation results. And analysis the PWM SMPS control principle. In the 3rd chapter, we analysis PWM comparator of the paramenters and Performances, and enumerate some kinds of comparator and analysis their circuit principle. From the beginning of the fourth chapter, according to comparator the performance of the design indicators, and we are used of the basic CMOS analog circuits and analysis this paper applies to the SMPS PWM comparator in the various modules. And the all circuits of PWM comparator is be drawed. In the fifth chapter of this paper, we give the simulation results in detail in ShangHua 0.5um CMOS technologies through CADENCE SPECTRE Software. Simulation results shows that the required function of PWM comparator have be realized and reached our aim. We has got a result that the gain is 104.4dB, the bandwidth is 145KHz in -3dB gain, the offset voltage is 444uv, the arise response time is 99ns, the down response time is 60ns, and the power dissipation is 530uW. Then we get the advantages and shortcomings of our PWM comparator by compared with other comparators.
Finally, in conclusion we point out the meaning and shortages of this design and some work such as LAYOUT needing to do in future.
引文
[1]拉扎维(陈贵灿译).模拟CMOS集成电路设计.西安:西安交通大学出版社 2003
[2]沙占友.新型单片开关电源的设计与应用.北京:电子工业出版社 2001
[3]N.M.Nguyen and R.G.Meyer.Start-up and Frequency Stability in High-FrequencyOscillators.IEEEJ.ofSolid-StateCircuits,vol.27,pp.810-820,May 1992.
[4]Ken Martin.数字集成电路设计(英文版).北京:电子工业出版社 2002
[5]P.R.Gray and R.G.Meyer.Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits.Fourth Ed.,New York:Wiley
[6]Pillip E.Allen.CMOS模拟集成电路设计第二版(英文版).北京:电子工业出版社 2002
[7]李伟华.VLSI设计基础.西安:电子工业出版社 2002
[8]肖科,李强,罗萍,张波等.脉冲跨周期调制开关电源的特性研究.微电子学,2004,34(2):128-131
[9]华伟.通信开关电源的五种PWM反馈控制模式研究.通信电源技术,2001,(6):8-12
[10]Phillip E.Ellen.Douglas R.Holberg.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.北京:电子工业出版社
[11]Behzad Razavi.Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits.西安:西安交通大学出版社.2003
[12]王水平等.PWM控制与驱动器使用指南以及应用电路.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[13]"The UCC3842 Family of High Speed,BiCMOS Current Mode PWM Controllers" Data Sheet,Texas Instruments.
[14]王志功,沈永朝.集成电路设计基础,北京:电子工业出版社。2004
[15]李靖.中国开关电源市场的分析.电工技术杂志,2000,2:44-45
[16]Popa C.Superior-order curvature-correction CMOS smart temperature sensor.IEEEtransactions on circuit and systems,2001, 59:1373-1374
[17]俞阿龙.电流控制PWM开关电源.电声技术.2002,11:33-35
[18]江金光,王耀南.高精度带隙基准电压源的实现.半导体学报.2004,25(7):852-856
[19]Kuo-hsing Cheng,Wei-bing Yang,Hong-yi Huang.The charge-transfer feed-back controlledsplit-path CMOS buffer.IEEE Transaction on circuits and systems,1999,49(3):346-348
[20]丁道宏.国内外开关电源的发展展望.电气时代,2002,10:13-14
[21]Marian K.Kazimierczuk.Dynamic performance of PWM DC/DC boost converter with inputvoltage feedforward control.IEEE transactions on circuit and systems.2003,46(12):1473-1481
[22]吴建辉.CMOS模拟集成电路设计与分析.北京:电子工业出版社.2004
[23]Wayne Wolf.现代VLSI电路设计.北京:科学出版社 2002
[24]Agilent Technologies.IC-CAP Hand Book[Z].2002.
[25]Rincon-Mora,6abiel A,Allen.Low-Voltage,low quiescent current,low drop-out regulator[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1998,33(1):36-34
[26]李伟华译.集成电路版图基础.北京:清华大学出版社.2006
[27]高燕梅 房蔓.Spice编程技术.北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[28]詹长江,韩郁,赵良炳.基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究.电工技术学报,1999.2,
[29]张恩利.CMOS求和比较器在PWM开关电源控制中的应用.通信电源技术.2004.02
[30]张为佐.从电力电子到电源管理[J]电气时代,2004,(11).
[31]越建统,薛红兵,梁树坤.电源产业及电源技术的发展趋势[J]电气时代,2004,(11).
[32]嵇维贵,冉峰,徐美华.智能功率开关电源IC设计[J]半导体技术,2004,(01).
[33]张为佐.电源管理半导体的新进展[J]今日电子,2005,(02).
[34]俞阿龙.电流控制PWM开关电源[J]电声技术,2002,(11).
[35]蔡宣三.开关电源发展轨迹[J]电子产品世界,2000,(04).
[36]张宇弘,何乐年,严晓浪,汪乐宇.采用0.25μmCMOS工艺的SOC电源管理IP模块[J]微电子学,2003,(03).
[37]张小林,冉建桥,李贤云,郭丽萍.我国开关电源发展的思考[J]微电子学,2004,(04).
[38]王海永,李永明,陈弘毅一种高速高精度PWM开关电源控制新技术.清华大学微电子学研究所,北京.2001-7.
[39]康华光.电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社 2000.6(第四版)
[40]沙占友.单片开关电源最新应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社 2002.9
[41]刘联会,李玉魁.通信电源.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.8
[42]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.单片开关电源应用电路.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.9
[43][42]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.现代开关电源控制电路设计及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.5
[45]王水平杨磊,张跃进等.PWM控制与驱动器使用指南及应用电路.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.11
[2]沙占友.新型单片开关电源的设计与应用.北京:电子工业出版社 2001
[3]N.M.Nguyen and R.G.Meyer.Start-up and Frequency Stability in High-FrequencyOscillators.IEEEJ.ofSolid-StateCircuits,vol.27,pp.810-820,May 1992.
[4]Ken Martin.数字集成电路设计(英文版).北京:电子工业出版社 2002
[5]P.R.Gray and R.G.Meyer.Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits.Fourth Ed.,New York:Wiley
[6]Pillip E.Allen.CMOS模拟集成电路设计第二版(英文版).北京:电子工业出版社 2002
[7]李伟华.VLSI设计基础.西安:电子工业出版社 2002
[8]肖科,李强,罗萍,张波等.脉冲跨周期调制开关电源的特性研究.微电子学,2004,34(2):128-131
[9]华伟.通信开关电源的五种PWM反馈控制模式研究.通信电源技术,2001,(6):8-12
[10]Phillip E.Ellen.Douglas R.Holberg.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.北京:电子工业出版社
[11]Behzad Razavi.Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits.西安:西安交通大学出版社.2003
[12]王水平等.PWM控制与驱动器使用指南以及应用电路.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[13]"The UCC3842 Family of High Speed,BiCMOS Current Mode PWM Controllers" Data Sheet,Texas Instruments.
[14]王志功,沈永朝.集成电路设计基础,北京:电子工业出版社。2004
[15]李靖.中国开关电源市场的分析.电工技术杂志,2000,2:44-45
[16]Popa C.Superior-order curvature-correction CMOS smart temperature sensor.IEEEtransactions on circuit and systems,2001, 59:1373-1374
[17]俞阿龙.电流控制PWM开关电源.电声技术.2002,11:33-35
[18]江金光,王耀南.高精度带隙基准电压源的实现.半导体学报.2004,25(7):852-856
[19]Kuo-hsing Cheng,Wei-bing Yang,Hong-yi Huang.The charge-transfer feed-back controlledsplit-path CMOS buffer.IEEE Transaction on circuits and systems,1999,49(3):346-348
[20]丁道宏.国内外开关电源的发展展望.电气时代,2002,10:13-14
[21]Marian K.Kazimierczuk.Dynamic performance of PWM DC/DC boost converter with inputvoltage feedforward control.IEEE transactions on circuit and systems.2003,46(12):1473-1481
[22]吴建辉.CMOS模拟集成电路设计与分析.北京:电子工业出版社.2004
[23]Wayne Wolf.现代VLSI电路设计.北京:科学出版社 2002
[24]Agilent Technologies.IC-CAP Hand Book[Z].2002.
[25]Rincon-Mora,6abiel A,Allen.Low-Voltage,low quiescent current,low drop-out regulator[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1998,33(1):36-34
[26]李伟华译.集成电路版图基础.北京:清华大学出版社.2006
[27]高燕梅 房蔓.Spice编程技术.北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[28]詹长江,韩郁,赵良炳.基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究.电工技术学报,1999.2,
[29]张恩利.CMOS求和比较器在PWM开关电源控制中的应用.通信电源技术.2004.02
[30]张为佐.从电力电子到电源管理[J]电气时代,2004,(11).
[31]越建统,薛红兵,梁树坤.电源产业及电源技术的发展趋势[J]电气时代,2004,(11).
[32]嵇维贵,冉峰,徐美华.智能功率开关电源IC设计[J]半导体技术,2004,(01).
[33]张为佐.电源管理半导体的新进展[J]今日电子,2005,(02).
[34]俞阿龙.电流控制PWM开关电源[J]电声技术,2002,(11).
[35]蔡宣三.开关电源发展轨迹[J]电子产品世界,2000,(04).
[36]张宇弘,何乐年,严晓浪,汪乐宇.采用0.25μmCMOS工艺的SOC电源管理IP模块[J]微电子学,2003,(03).
[37]张小林,冉建桥,李贤云,郭丽萍.我国开关电源发展的思考[J]微电子学,2004,(04).
[38]王海永,李永明,陈弘毅一种高速高精度PWM开关电源控制新技术.清华大学微电子学研究所,北京.2001-7.
[39]康华光.电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社 2000.6(第四版)
[40]沙占友.单片开关电源最新应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社 2002.9
[41]刘联会,李玉魁.通信电源.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.8
[42]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.单片开关电源应用电路.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.9
[43][42]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.现代开关电源控制电路设计及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.5
[45]王水平杨磊,张跃进等.PWM控制与驱动器使用指南及应用电路.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.11