三相三电平PWM整流装置控制策略的研究
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摘要
为了消除不控整流,半控整流对电网造成的谐波污染,在整流器中引入PWM技术,使得整流器网侧电流正弦化,并且运行在单位功率因数下,从而减小了整流器对于电网的污染,而且可以将能量回馈电网,因此PWM整流器成为整流器研究的热点。
本课题所研究的内容是三相三电平PWM整流器,其特点是适合中高电压等级的整流系统,或者调速系统。通过分析各种三电平拓扑结构以及控制方法,确定本课题为基于空间电压矢量调制的二极管箝位式三电平整流装置的研究,并通过仿真实验以及制作小功率样机,验证了方法的正确性。
通过分析传统的基于θ和调制比m的空间电压矢量脉宽调制算法,推导出了基于V_α,V_β的空间电压矢量脉宽调制算法,该算法实现简单,只包括加法、减法、乘法等简单运算,有利于DSP2407的编程实现。
根据仿真波形和实验波形,特别针对直流侧两电容电压平衡问题,提出了变比例因子中点平衡控制方法,在仿真实验以及在小功率样机中验证了控制方法的可行性、有效性。
最后分析了中矢量对于三电平整流器直流侧中点的影响,提出了一种新的矢量调制策略,即通过大矢量合成中矢量,以及改善矢量合成区域的划分,较好的解决了直流侧中点平衡的问题,在仿真实验中通过和传统七段式方法对比,验证了本方案对中点平衡有着较强的调节能力。
In order to reduce the harmonious pollution in power net caused by none control or half control rectifier, we introduce the PWM technique to rectifier to totally eliminate the harmonious pollution in power net, making current to sin wave at the AC side so as to be the state of unity power factor, furthermore, it can sent the energy to the power net. So the research in rectifier becomes hotspot.
The content I research is three phase three level rectifier, which fit for commuting system or speed governing system of the middle of high voltage level. Through analyzing the three level topology and control method, the three phases three level diode-clamped rectifier based on the three level SVPWM is confirmed finally. It proved by simulation and practice on a small power set.
By analyzing the traditional strategy based onθand modulation proportion m ,a new strategy based on V_α,V_βis proposed. The strategy is easy to practice which only content the simply operation, the addition, the subtraction and the multiplication. Quite fit for programming on DSP 2407.
According to the waveform, specially, the issue about the balance of the two capacitances voltage is exists. The balance control by various proportion genes is proposed, validated by simulating and the experiment.
Finally, through analyzing the neutral point at DC side influenced by the center vector, a new space vector modulation is proposed, the technique is radial state space vector modulation and improves the divisions of the area of vector composition and the issue is solved better which confirmed by the comparison between the two vector modulation simulating.
本课题所研究的内容是三相三电平PWM整流器,其特点是适合中高电压等级的整流系统,或者调速系统。通过分析各种三电平拓扑结构以及控制方法,确定本课题为基于空间电压矢量调制的二极管箝位式三电平整流装置的研究,并通过仿真实验以及制作小功率样机,验证了方法的正确性。
通过分析传统的基于θ和调制比m的空间电压矢量脉宽调制算法,推导出了基于V_α,V_β的空间电压矢量脉宽调制算法,该算法实现简单,只包括加法、减法、乘法等简单运算,有利于DSP2407的编程实现。
根据仿真波形和实验波形,特别针对直流侧两电容电压平衡问题,提出了变比例因子中点平衡控制方法,在仿真实验以及在小功率样机中验证了控制方法的可行性、有效性。
最后分析了中矢量对于三电平整流器直流侧中点的影响,提出了一种新的矢量调制策略,即通过大矢量合成中矢量,以及改善矢量合成区域的划分,较好的解决了直流侧中点平衡的问题,在仿真实验中通过和传统七段式方法对比,验证了本方案对中点平衡有着较强的调节能力。
In order to reduce the harmonious pollution in power net caused by none control or half control rectifier, we introduce the PWM technique to rectifier to totally eliminate the harmonious pollution in power net, making current to sin wave at the AC side so as to be the state of unity power factor, furthermore, it can sent the energy to the power net. So the research in rectifier becomes hotspot.
The content I research is three phase three level rectifier, which fit for commuting system or speed governing system of the middle of high voltage level. Through analyzing the three level topology and control method, the three phases three level diode-clamped rectifier based on the three level SVPWM is confirmed finally. It proved by simulation and practice on a small power set.
By analyzing the traditional strategy based onθand modulation proportion m ,a new strategy based on V_α,V_βis proposed. The strategy is easy to practice which only content the simply operation, the addition, the subtraction and the multiplication. Quite fit for programming on DSP 2407.
According to the waveform, specially, the issue about the balance of the two capacitances voltage is exists. The balance control by various proportion genes is proposed, validated by simulating and the experiment.
Finally, through analyzing the neutral point at DC side influenced by the center vector, a new space vector modulation is proposed, the technique is radial state space vector modulation and improves the divisions of the area of vector composition and the issue is solved better which confirmed by the comparison between the two vector modulation simulating.
引文
[1]张崇巍,张兴 PWM整流器及其控制[M].机械工业出版社.2000.
[2]詹长江等,基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(2):60-64.
[3]李明,赵绍刚,基于单神经元的三电平整流器空间电压矢量PWM控制[J].第五届全球智能控制与自动化大会,2004:4477-4481.
[4]詹长江,大功率PWM高频整流系统波形控制技术研究[D].华中理工大学,1997.
[5]钟炎平,沈颂华,PWM整流器的解耦控制及其DSP实现[J].第五届全球智能控制与自动化大会,2004:5199-5202.
[6]薄保中,苏彦民,马学亮,多电平最优空间矢量PWM控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):89-92.
[7]尹忠刚,钟彦儒,刘静,孙向东,一种新型三电平PWM整流器的仿真研究[J].西安理工大学学报,2006,22(4):373-377.
[8]赵绍刚,高升,三电平整流器非线性PID控制研究[J].工矿自动化,2004(3):7-9.
[9]吴志红,陶生桂,崔俊国,毛明平,二极管钳位式多电平逆变器的拓扑结构分析[J]同济大学学报,2003,31(10):1217-1222.
[10]于海宁,舰船电力推进系统高压整流控制技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2002.
[11]马皓,郎芸萍,空间矢量简化算法在三相PWM电压型整流器中的应用[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(1):176-180.
[12]詹长江,秦荃华,韩英铎等,三电平脉宽调制高频整流器系统数学模型及仿真分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(7):45-48.
[13]钟炎平,沈颂华,PWM整流器的一种快速电流控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(12):52-56.
[14]李海波,三电平四象限PWM整流器的研究[D].兰州理工大学,2004.
[15]吕宏丽,基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制单位功率因数整流器的研究[D].河北工业大学,2002.
[16]金红元,邹云屏,林磊等,三电平PWM整流器双环控制技术及中点电压平衡控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):64-68.
[17]宋文祥,陈国呈,武慧,孙承波,一种具有中点电位平衡功能的三电平空间矢量调制方法及其实现[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12):95-100.
[18]王久和,李华德,王立明,电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):55-60.
[19]蔡政英,高动态性能多电平单位功率因数变流器研究[D].华中科技大学,2004.
[20]宋强,刘文华,严干贵,王仲鸿,基于零序电压注入的三电平NPC逆变器中点电位平衡控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):92-97.
[21]谭永辉,欧阳红林,周马山,刘量,彭国庆,三电平SVPWM逆变器中点电压平衡的研究[J].机 床电器,2004:12-15.
[22]Bor-Ren Lin,Hsin-Hung Lu,and Yei-Lang Hou,Single-phase Power Factor Correction Circuit with Three-Level Boost Converter[J].IEEE,2000:278-283.
[23]M.A.EL-Bakry,S.H.Arafah,S.E.E.Abo-Shady,A.A.Mahfouz,Simulation and Implementation of Three-phase Three-level Inverter[J].IEEE,2002:983-990.
[24]Keith A.Corzine,Member,IEEE,Mike W.Wielebski,Student Member,IEEE,Fang Z.Peng,Senior Member,IEEE,and Jin Wang,Student Member,IEEE Control of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2004,19(3):245-250.
[25]Michael C.Klabunde,Yifan Zhao,Thomas A,Lipo,Current Control of a 3-Level Rectifier/inverter Drive System[J].IEEE,2004,12(2):1120-1126.
[26]Dongsheng Zhou,Didier Rouaud,Experimental Comparisons of Space Vector Neutral Point Balancing Strategies for Three-Level Topology[J],IEEE,2004,18(3):1890-1895
[27]Yao Wenxi,Lu Zhengyu,Fei Wanmin,Qiao Zhaoming,Gu Yilei Mingfang Zheng Three-level SVPWM method based on two-level PWM cell in DSP[J],IEEE,2003:187-192.
[28]Bingsen Wang,Ashish Bendre.Unity Power Factor Control for Three Phase Three Level Rectifiers without Current Sensors[J],IEEE,2005:1677-1683.
[29]G.Escobar,J.Leyva-RamosJ.M.Carrasco,E.Galvan,R.C.Portillo,M.M.Prats,L.G..Franquelo Modeling of a Three Level Converter Used in a Synchronous Rectifier Application[J].Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004:4306-4311.
[30]Man-Chung Wong,Jing Tang,student memberIEEE,and Ying-Duo Han,Cylindrical Coordinate Control of Three-Dimensional PWM Technique in Three-Phase Four-Wired Tri-level Inverter[J].IEEE TRANSACTION ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2003,18(1):208-219.
[31]M.M.Prats,L.G..Franquelo,J.I Leon,R.Portillo,E.Galvan and J.M.Carrasco,A SVM-3D generalized algorithm for multilevel converters[J].IEEE,2003:24-29.
[32]Ali Dastfan,Victor J.Gosbell and Don Platt,Control of a New Active Power Filter Using 3-D Vector Control[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ECECTRIONICS,2000,15(1):5-12.
[33]ManChungWong,ZhengYizhao,YingDuoHan,Liang-BingZhao,Three-Dimensionalpulse-Width Modulation Technique in Three-Level Power Inverters for Three-Phase Four-Wired System[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2001,16(3):418-426.
[34]王志泳,刘文华,詹长江,三电平变流器脉冲发生器的研制[J].电力系统自动化,2000:23-26.
[35]屈莉莉,秦忆,三相PWM高频整流器主电路参数选择[J].东北电力技术,2002,1:41-43.
[36]马献鸿,静止同步补偿器的控制方法的研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.
[37]史伟伟,蒋全,三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型和主电路设计[J].东南大学学报,2002.32(1):50-55.
[38]王潞钢,DSP C2000程序员高手进阶[M].北京机械工业出版社,2005.
[39]王晓明,王玲,电动机的DSP控制[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[40]M.Depenbrock,超空间矢量:空间矢量理论的一种新型四参数扩展[J].电力牵引快报,1999,3:13-18.
[41]戴宁怡,黄民聪,韩英铎,三相四线系统并联电能质量补偿器的新型控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2003,23(6):16-20.
[42]戴宁怡,黄民聪,唐净,韩英铎,新型三维空间矢量脉宽调制在三相四线系统中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(17):45-49.
[43]蔡忠见,林吉海,基于四桥臂变流器的三维空间矢量调制算法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(6):49-52.
[44]陈新,龚春英,郦鸣,严仰光,应用于三相变换器的三维空间矢量调制[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2002,34(2):148-153.
[2]詹长江等,基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(2):60-64.
[3]李明,赵绍刚,基于单神经元的三电平整流器空间电压矢量PWM控制[J].第五届全球智能控制与自动化大会,2004:4477-4481.
[4]詹长江,大功率PWM高频整流系统波形控制技术研究[D].华中理工大学,1997.
[5]钟炎平,沈颂华,PWM整流器的解耦控制及其DSP实现[J].第五届全球智能控制与自动化大会,2004:5199-5202.
[6]薄保中,苏彦民,马学亮,多电平最优空间矢量PWM控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):89-92.
[7]尹忠刚,钟彦儒,刘静,孙向东,一种新型三电平PWM整流器的仿真研究[J].西安理工大学学报,2006,22(4):373-377.
[8]赵绍刚,高升,三电平整流器非线性PID控制研究[J].工矿自动化,2004(3):7-9.
[9]吴志红,陶生桂,崔俊国,毛明平,二极管钳位式多电平逆变器的拓扑结构分析[J]同济大学学报,2003,31(10):1217-1222.
[10]于海宁,舰船电力推进系统高压整流控制技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2002.
[11]马皓,郎芸萍,空间矢量简化算法在三相PWM电压型整流器中的应用[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(1):176-180.
[12]詹长江,秦荃华,韩英铎等,三电平脉宽调制高频整流器系统数学模型及仿真分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(7):45-48.
[13]钟炎平,沈颂华,PWM整流器的一种快速电流控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(12):52-56.
[14]李海波,三电平四象限PWM整流器的研究[D].兰州理工大学,2004.
[15]吕宏丽,基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制单位功率因数整流器的研究[D].河北工业大学,2002.
[16]金红元,邹云屏,林磊等,三电平PWM整流器双环控制技术及中点电压平衡控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):64-68.
[17]宋文祥,陈国呈,武慧,孙承波,一种具有中点电位平衡功能的三电平空间矢量调制方法及其实现[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12):95-100.
[18]王久和,李华德,王立明,电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):55-60.
[19]蔡政英,高动态性能多电平单位功率因数变流器研究[D].华中科技大学,2004.
[20]宋强,刘文华,严干贵,王仲鸿,基于零序电压注入的三电平NPC逆变器中点电位平衡控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):92-97.
[21]谭永辉,欧阳红林,周马山,刘量,彭国庆,三电平SVPWM逆变器中点电压平衡的研究[J].机 床电器,2004:12-15.
[22]Bor-Ren Lin,Hsin-Hung Lu,and Yei-Lang Hou,Single-phase Power Factor Correction Circuit with Three-Level Boost Converter[J].IEEE,2000:278-283.
[23]M.A.EL-Bakry,S.H.Arafah,S.E.E.Abo-Shady,A.A.Mahfouz,Simulation and Implementation of Three-phase Three-level Inverter[J].IEEE,2002:983-990.
[24]Keith A.Corzine,Member,IEEE,Mike W.Wielebski,Student Member,IEEE,Fang Z.Peng,Senior Member,IEEE,and Jin Wang,Student Member,IEEE Control of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2004,19(3):245-250.
[25]Michael C.Klabunde,Yifan Zhao,Thomas A,Lipo,Current Control of a 3-Level Rectifier/inverter Drive System[J].IEEE,2004,12(2):1120-1126.
[26]Dongsheng Zhou,Didier Rouaud,Experimental Comparisons of Space Vector Neutral Point Balancing Strategies for Three-Level Topology[J],IEEE,2004,18(3):1890-1895
[27]Yao Wenxi,Lu Zhengyu,Fei Wanmin,Qiao Zhaoming,Gu Yilei Mingfang Zheng Three-level SVPWM method based on two-level PWM cell in DSP[J],IEEE,2003:187-192.
[28]Bingsen Wang,Ashish Bendre.Unity Power Factor Control for Three Phase Three Level Rectifiers without Current Sensors[J],IEEE,2005:1677-1683.
[29]G.Escobar,J.Leyva-RamosJ.M.Carrasco,E.Galvan,R.C.Portillo,M.M.Prats,L.G..Franquelo Modeling of a Three Level Converter Used in a Synchronous Rectifier Application[J].Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004:4306-4311.
[30]Man-Chung Wong,Jing Tang,student memberIEEE,and Ying-Duo Han,Cylindrical Coordinate Control of Three-Dimensional PWM Technique in Three-Phase Four-Wired Tri-level Inverter[J].IEEE TRANSACTION ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2003,18(1):208-219.
[31]M.M.Prats,L.G..Franquelo,J.I Leon,R.Portillo,E.Galvan and J.M.Carrasco,A SVM-3D generalized algorithm for multilevel converters[J].IEEE,2003:24-29.
[32]Ali Dastfan,Victor J.Gosbell and Don Platt,Control of a New Active Power Filter Using 3-D Vector Control[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ECECTRIONICS,2000,15(1):5-12.
[33]ManChungWong,ZhengYizhao,YingDuoHan,Liang-BingZhao,Three-Dimensionalpulse-Width Modulation Technique in Three-Level Power Inverters for Three-Phase Four-Wired System[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2001,16(3):418-426.
[34]王志泳,刘文华,詹长江,三电平变流器脉冲发生器的研制[J].电力系统自动化,2000:23-26.
[35]屈莉莉,秦忆,三相PWM高频整流器主电路参数选择[J].东北电力技术,2002,1:41-43.
[36]马献鸿,静止同步补偿器的控制方法的研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.
[37]史伟伟,蒋全,三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型和主电路设计[J].东南大学学报,2002.32(1):50-55.
[38]王潞钢,DSP C2000程序员高手进阶[M].北京机械工业出版社,2005.
[39]王晓明,王玲,电动机的DSP控制[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[40]M.Depenbrock,超空间矢量:空间矢量理论的一种新型四参数扩展[J].电力牵引快报,1999,3:13-18.
[41]戴宁怡,黄民聪,韩英铎,三相四线系统并联电能质量补偿器的新型控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2003,23(6):16-20.
[42]戴宁怡,黄民聪,唐净,韩英铎,新型三维空间矢量脉宽调制在三相四线系统中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(17):45-49.
[43]蔡忠见,林吉海,基于四桥臂变流器的三维空间矢量调制算法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(6):49-52.
[44]陈新,龚春英,郦鸣,严仰光,应用于三相变换器的三维空间矢量调制[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2002,34(2):148-153.