移相控制软开关PWM技术的研究
摘要
本文在对硬开关功率变换电路缺点分析的基础上，提出了软开关变换电
路，并对软开关的定义、分类、发展及其控制策略做了归纳和总结。
同时对移相控制零电压（ZVS）软开关PWM（脉宽调制）功率变换器的工作
原理、电路特性、以及一些常见的电路改进措施进行了分析，指出了它的优缺
点。在这个基础上提出了一种新的零电压零电流（ZVZCS）全桥PWM功率变
换电路。它克服了零电压全桥PWM变换器的高环流损耗、占空比丢失严重、
滞后桥臂软开关受到负载范围限制的缺点。通过在变压器的原边加上隔直电
容、饱和电感和在主通道上加上两个二极管，可以使初级电流的环流减少到零，
滞后桥臂的开关管零电流开通，而超前桥臂仍然为零电压开通。本文对其电路
拓扑结构、工作原理和电路特性做了较深入的阐述。
根据这种新的电路拓扑结构，采用IGBT作为滞后功率开关管的高电压、
大功率DC-DC变换器实验得以进行。论文中完成了DC-DC变换器的主电路结
构、参数的设计和控制保护电路的实现。其移相控制采用UC3879来实现，实
验结果表明其电路拓扑结构是正确的。
A soft-switching converter circuit is discussed on the basis of analysis of the
hard-switching power converter circuit’s shortcoming in the paper. The definition,
classification, development and the control strategy of the soft-switching
have been summarized.
The principle of operation, features of the general pulse-width modulated (PWM)
power converter of zero-voltage-switching(ZVS) with phase-shift control are
described.Its merits and shortcoming are pointed and some measures used to improve
the circuit performance are given. Then a novel zero-voltage-zero-current full-bridge
PWM soft-switching power converter is proposed. The new converter overcomes the
limitations of the ZVS-FB-PWM converter ,such as the high circulating energy ,bad
loss of the duty cycle, and limited the ZVS load range for the lagging-leg switches.
By using the dc blocking capacitor and adding a saturable inductor and adding two
diodes in the main channel., the primary current during the freewheeling period is
reduced to zero. And allowing the lagging-leg switches to be operated with zero-
current-switching ,meanwhile, the leading-leg switches are still operated with
ZVS .The circuit topolQgy , principle of operation ,circuit features have been
described detailedly.
Based on the new circuit topology, an experiment of high-voltage,high-power
DC-DC converter is presented where IGBTs are predominantly used as the lagging-
leg switches. The design of structure and calculation methods of parameter in the DC-
DC converter main circuit and the design of the control and protect circuit have been
presented. The phase-shift control is implemented with UC3 879. The experiment
results show the circuit topology is right.
路，并对软开关的定义、分类、发展及其控制策略做了归纳和总结。
同时对移相控制零电压（ZVS）软开关PWM（脉宽调制）功率变换器的工作
原理、电路特性、以及一些常见的电路改进措施进行了分析，指出了它的优缺
点。在这个基础上提出了一种新的零电压零电流（ZVZCS）全桥PWM功率变
换电路。它克服了零电压全桥PWM变换器的高环流损耗、占空比丢失严重、
滞后桥臂软开关受到负载范围限制的缺点。通过在变压器的原边加上隔直电
容、饱和电感和在主通道上加上两个二极管，可以使初级电流的环流减少到零，
滞后桥臂的开关管零电流开通，而超前桥臂仍然为零电压开通。本文对其电路
拓扑结构、工作原理和电路特性做了较深入的阐述。
根据这种新的电路拓扑结构，采用IGBT作为滞后功率开关管的高电压、
大功率DC-DC变换器实验得以进行。论文中完成了DC-DC变换器的主电路结
构、参数的设计和控制保护电路的实现。其移相控制采用UC3879来实现，实
验结果表明其电路拓扑结构是正确的。
A soft-switching converter circuit is discussed on the basis of analysis of the
hard-switching power converter circuit’s shortcoming in the paper. The definition,
classification, development and the control strategy of the soft-switching
have been summarized.
The principle of operation, features of the general pulse-width modulated (PWM)
power converter of zero-voltage-switching(ZVS) with phase-shift control are
described.Its merits and shortcoming are pointed and some measures used to improve
the circuit performance are given. Then a novel zero-voltage-zero-current full-bridge
PWM soft-switching power converter is proposed. The new converter overcomes the
limitations of the ZVS-FB-PWM converter ,such as the high circulating energy ,bad
loss of the duty cycle, and limited the ZVS load range for the lagging-leg switches.
By using the dc blocking capacitor and adding a saturable inductor and adding two
diodes in the main channel., the primary current during the freewheeling period is
reduced to zero. And allowing the lagging-leg switches to be operated with zero-
current-switching ,meanwhile, the leading-leg switches are still operated with
ZVS .The circuit topolQgy , principle of operation ,circuit features have been
described detailedly.
Based on the new circuit topology, an experiment of high-voltage,high-power
DC-DC converter is presented where IGBTs are predominantly used as the lagging-
leg switches. The design of structure and calculation methods of parameter in the DC-
DC converter main circuit and the design of the control and protect circuit have been
presented. The phase-shift control is implemented with UC3 879. The experiment
results show the circuit topology is right.
引文
[1] 张为佐 电力电子技术发展的新动向 美国国际整流(IR)公司 电力电子 技术1996． 4：1～5
[2] 张占松 蔡宣三 开关电源的原理与设计北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[3] 赵良炳 现代电力电子技术
[4] 张恩怀 开关电源的发展概况 电力电子技术1996年第二期
[5] 王振民，黄石生，薛家祥，余文松，邓永翔 弧焊逆变技术的研究现状与 展望 广州 华南理工大学机电系
[6] 林渭勋．浅谈半导体高频电力电子技术．电力电子技术论文选编，杭州：浙 江大学，1992：384-390
[7] 陈伯时 电力拖动自动控制系统 机械工业出版社 1995
[8] 赵良炳，杨德刚 软开关技术的回顾与展望 电力电子技术1998年第一期
[9] G．Hurley．Optimized Transformer Design：Inclusive of High-Frequency Effects [A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics[C]．1998，13(4) ：651-659．
[10] Guichao Hua et al．Ah Improved Full-bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor[A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics [C]．1993，8(4) ：530-534．
[11] A．K．S．Bhat．A．Fixed-Frequency Modified Series-Resonant Converter： Analysis，Design and Results[A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics [C]．1995，10(6) ：766-775．
[12] Jung-Goo Cho．et al．Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching ull Bridge PWM Convener for High-Power Applications[A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics[C]．1996，11(4) ：622-627．
[13] 王聪 软性开关逆变电路及其应用 机械工业出版社1993
[14] 阮新波 严仰光 全桥变换器的控制策略 电力电子技术1998． 3：106-109
[15] Cho G，Sabate J A，Hua G，etc．ZVZCS FB PWM Converter for High-power Application．IEEE Trans．on PE’96，1996：622-628．
[16] Choi J W，Sul S K．Resonant Link Bidirectional Power Converter：Part 1-Reson-Ent Circuit．IEEE Trans．On PE’95，1995 484-485．
[17] de Feritas Lc，Gomes P R C．A High-power,HF ZCS-ZVS-PWM Buck Converter Using a feedback Resomant Circuit．IEEE Trans．On PE’95：19-24．
[18] Chen K,Stuart T A..A 1． 6kW 110kHz DC-DC Converters Optimized for IGBTs.IEEE Trans.PE,1993,8(1) :18-25
[19] Imbertson P,Mohan N.Asymmetrical Duty Cycle Permits Zero Switching Loss in PWM Circuits with no Conduction Loss Penalty. IEEE Trans.Ia.1993,29(l):121-125
[20] Divan D M. The Reseonant DC Link Conderter-A New Concept in Static PWM Converter. IAS'86,1986,,684-656．
[21] Divan D M et al . Zero-switching-loss Inverter for High Power Applicatio. IAS '87,1987,'626-639．
[22] Mohan N. He J. Parallel Resonant DC Link Circuit-A Novel Zero Switching Loss Topology with Minium Voltage Stresses. OESC '89,1989,1006-1012．
[23] 丁洛，严仰光 谐振直流环节逆变器的发展与趋势 电力电子技术 1996 年第二期
[24] 阮新波，严仰光 移相控制零电压开关PWM变换器的分析 南京航空航 天大学学报 第30卷第三期 1998． 6
[25] Chen Q,Lofti A W,Lee F C. Design Trade-offs in 5V Output Off-line Zero-voltage PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC,1991:89-100
[26] Sable D N,Lee F C .The Operation of a Full-bridge,zero-voltage-switched PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC,1989:92-97
[27] Lofti A W Sabate J A,Lee F C .Design Optimization of the Zero-voltage switched PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC, 1990:30-37
[28] Sabate J A, Vlatkovic V, Ridley R B ,etc. High-voltage,High Power ZVS Full-bridge PWM Converter Employing an Active Snubber. Proceeding of VPEC,1991:125-130
[29] ua G C,lee F C,Jovanovic M .An improved ZVS-PWM converter using a saturable inductor. VPEC Seminar, 1991,161-166
[30] 欧阳长莲，严仰光 全桥变换器中PWM控制与移相控制的比较 电力电 子技术1996． 3 83-86
[31] Hua G C, Lee F C,Jovanovic M M.An Improved Zero-voltage-switched PWM Converter using a Saturable Inductor. Proceeding of VPEC, 1991:275-284
[32] Hua G C ,Lee F C,Jovanovic M M . An Improved Zero-voltage-switching PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor. VPEC Seminal, 1991,161-166
[33] Watson R ,Lee F C . Analysis ,Design, and Experiment Results of a lkW ZVS-FB-PWM Converter Employing Magamp Secondary Side Control . VPEC Seminal, 1993,207-212
[34] Kutkut N H ,Divan D M, Gascoigne R W. An Improved FB ZVS PWM Converter Using a Two Inductor Rectifier .IEEE Trans on IA'95 .1995:119-126
[35] Patterson O D, Vivan D M. Pseudo-resonant full bridge dc/dc converter IEEE-PESC Conf.Rec.1987,424-430
[36] Zhu L Z,Fang Z D. Constant frequency full bridge ZVS dc/dc converter with adding LC resonant link .Procof Chinese-Japanese power Electron .Conf.,1992,17-25
[37] Kerning Chin,Thomas A.Stuart. A 1． 6kW、 10kHZ DC-DC Converter Optimized for IGBT's. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics ,Vol.8,No.1,July 1993,pp.18-25
[38] J.G.Cho,J.Sabate,G.Hua and F.C.Lee. Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications.IEEE PESC Rec, 1994,pp.102-108
[39] Jung-Goo Cho,Chang-yong Jeong and F.C.Lee. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter Using Secondary Active Clamp. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics , Vol.13,No.4,July 1998, pp.601-607
[40] 国际整流器公司电力半导体器件应用指南 机械工业部西安电力电子技 术研究所编译
[41] J．G．Gho，J.A．Sabate，G．Ch．Hua，et al．Zero-voltage and Zero-current-switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High-power Applications．IEEE．Trans．on Power Electronics．1996(4) ：622-627
[42] 朱贤龙 严仰光 软开关逆变控制电流IGBT弧焊电源 电力电子技术 1995． 3：11-14
[43] 陈伯时 雷准刚 朱贤龙 移相式PWM逆变器开关分析与主电路改进 电力 电子技术1998． 2 29-31
[44] 陈延明 王志强 曹彪 黄石生 软开关CO2焊机的研制 电力电子技术 1998． 3 51～54
[45] 李宏 周继华 李治典 全桥逆变电路抗偏磁应用研究 电力电子技术 1998． 8 61～63
[2] 张占松 蔡宣三 开关电源的原理与设计北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[3] 赵良炳 现代电力电子技术
[4] 张恩怀 开关电源的发展概况 电力电子技术1996年第二期
[5] 王振民，黄石生，薛家祥，余文松，邓永翔 弧焊逆变技术的研究现状与 展望 广州 华南理工大学机电系
[6] 林渭勋．浅谈半导体高频电力电子技术．电力电子技术论文选编，杭州：浙 江大学，1992：384-390
[7] 陈伯时 电力拖动自动控制系统 机械工业出版社 1995
[8] 赵良炳，杨德刚 软开关技术的回顾与展望 电力电子技术1998年第一期
[9] G．Hurley．Optimized Transformer Design：Inclusive of High-Frequency Effects [A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics[C]．1998，13(4) ：651-659．
[10] Guichao Hua et al．Ah Improved Full-bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor[A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics [C]．1993，8(4) ：530-534．
[11] A．K．S．Bhat．A．Fixed-Frequency Modified Series-Resonant Converter： Analysis，Design and Results[A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics [C]．1995，10(6) ：766-775．
[12] Jung-Goo Cho．et al．Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching ull Bridge PWM Convener for High-Power Applications[A]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics[C]．1996，11(4) ：622-627．
[13] 王聪 软性开关逆变电路及其应用 机械工业出版社1993
[14] 阮新波 严仰光 全桥变换器的控制策略 电力电子技术1998． 3：106-109
[15] Cho G，Sabate J A，Hua G，etc．ZVZCS FB PWM Converter for High-power Application．IEEE Trans．on PE’96，1996：622-628．
[16] Choi J W，Sul S K．Resonant Link Bidirectional Power Converter：Part 1-Reson-Ent Circuit．IEEE Trans．On PE’95，1995 484-485．
[17] de Feritas Lc，Gomes P R C．A High-power,HF ZCS-ZVS-PWM Buck Converter Using a feedback Resomant Circuit．IEEE Trans．On PE’95：19-24．
[18] Chen K,Stuart T A..A 1． 6kW 110kHz DC-DC Converters Optimized for IGBTs.IEEE Trans.PE,1993,8(1) :18-25
[19] Imbertson P,Mohan N.Asymmetrical Duty Cycle Permits Zero Switching Loss in PWM Circuits with no Conduction Loss Penalty. IEEE Trans.Ia.1993,29(l):121-125
[20] Divan D M. The Reseonant DC Link Conderter-A New Concept in Static PWM Converter. IAS'86,1986,,684-656．
[21] Divan D M et al . Zero-switching-loss Inverter for High Power Applicatio. IAS '87,1987,'626-639．
[22] Mohan N. He J. Parallel Resonant DC Link Circuit-A Novel Zero Switching Loss Topology with Minium Voltage Stresses. OESC '89,1989,1006-1012．
[23] 丁洛，严仰光 谐振直流环节逆变器的发展与趋势 电力电子技术 1996 年第二期
[24] 阮新波，严仰光 移相控制零电压开关PWM变换器的分析 南京航空航 天大学学报 第30卷第三期 1998． 6
[25] Chen Q,Lofti A W,Lee F C. Design Trade-offs in 5V Output Off-line Zero-voltage PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC,1991:89-100
[26] Sable D N,Lee F C .The Operation of a Full-bridge,zero-voltage-switched PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC,1989:92-97
[27] Lofti A W Sabate J A,Lee F C .Design Optimization of the Zero-voltage switched PWM Converter. Proceeding of VPEC, 1990:30-37
[28] Sabate J A, Vlatkovic V, Ridley R B ,etc. High-voltage,High Power ZVS Full-bridge PWM Converter Employing an Active Snubber. Proceeding of VPEC,1991:125-130
[29] ua G C,lee F C,Jovanovic M .An improved ZVS-PWM converter using a saturable inductor. VPEC Seminar, 1991,161-166
[30] 欧阳长莲，严仰光 全桥变换器中PWM控制与移相控制的比较 电力电 子技术1996． 3 83-86
[31] Hua G C, Lee F C,Jovanovic M M.An Improved Zero-voltage-switched PWM Converter using a Saturable Inductor. Proceeding of VPEC, 1991:275-284
[32] Hua G C ,Lee F C,Jovanovic M M . An Improved Zero-voltage-switching PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor. VPEC Seminal, 1991,161-166
[33] Watson R ,Lee F C . Analysis ,Design, and Experiment Results of a lkW ZVS-FB-PWM Converter Employing Magamp Secondary Side Control . VPEC Seminal, 1993,207-212
[34] Kutkut N H ,Divan D M, Gascoigne R W. An Improved FB ZVS PWM Converter Using a Two Inductor Rectifier .IEEE Trans on IA'95 .1995:119-126
[35] Patterson O D, Vivan D M. Pseudo-resonant full bridge dc/dc converter IEEE-PESC Conf.Rec.1987,424-430
[36] Zhu L Z,Fang Z D. Constant frequency full bridge ZVS dc/dc converter with adding LC resonant link .Procof Chinese-Japanese power Electron .Conf.,1992,17-25
[37] Kerning Chin,Thomas A.Stuart. A 1． 6kW、 10kHZ DC-DC Converter Optimized for IGBT's. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics ,Vol.8,No.1,July 1993,pp.18-25
[38] J.G.Cho,J.Sabate,G.Hua and F.C.Lee. Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications.IEEE PESC Rec, 1994,pp.102-108
[39] Jung-Goo Cho,Chang-yong Jeong and F.C.Lee. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter Using Secondary Active Clamp. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics , Vol.13,No.4,July 1998, pp.601-607
[40] 国际整流器公司电力半导体器件应用指南 机械工业部西安电力电子技 术研究所编译
[41] J．G．Gho，J.A．Sabate，G．Ch．Hua，et al．Zero-voltage and Zero-current-switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High-power Applications．IEEE．Trans．on Power Electronics．1996(4) ：622-627
[42] 朱贤龙 严仰光 软开关逆变控制电流IGBT弧焊电源 电力电子技术 1995． 3：11-14
[43] 陈伯时 雷准刚 朱贤龙 移相式PWM逆变器开关分析与主电路改进 电力 电子技术1998． 2 29-31
[44] 陈延明 王志强 曹彪 黄石生 软开关CO2焊机的研制 电力电子技术 1998． 3 51～54
[45] 李宏 周继华 李治典 全桥逆变电路抗偏磁应用研究 电力电子技术 1998． 8 61～63