基于ARM的Linux嵌入式系统移植的研究与应用
摘要
随着信息化、网络化、智能化的发展，嵌入式技术得到了极大的发展，linux操作系统以其稳定性好，可靠性高，源代码公开，可剪裁，版权免费等优点，已成为嵌入式领域的一股新兴力量，具有巨大的市场潜力和商业价值。嵌入式处理器种类繁多，要使linux嵌入式系统在各个领域得到广泛的应用，就必须把linux嵌入式系统移植到各种处理器平台上，特别是当前主流平台上，并应用于实际的产品。
ARM平台是目前应用非常广泛的处理器体系结构，自然也是linux嵌入式系统移植的一个重点。本文是作者在对linux嵌入式操作系统大量研究和实践的基础上，针对linux嵌入式系统移植的几个主要核心技术展开。首先详细分析了ARM体系结构的特点并对其进行了系统的总结和归纳，然后详细的分析和阐释了bootloader重要性、概念、功能、框架，总结和归纳了bootloader移植关键问题，特点以及移植过程，接下来系统地分析了linux内核与ARM平台移植相关的重要数据结构，中断和内存管理，紧接着作者归纳了嵌入式文件系统选择的原则、类型以及制作文件系统的必须具备的内容。最后，在对linux系统核心移植技术归纳和总结的基础上，将linux系统移植技术应用于一款工控触摸屏人机界面，它是国内较早使用linux嵌入式系统的人机界面，它的应用成功，会更加有力的推动linux嵌入式系统在我国工业产品中的应用。
Along with the development of the information, the network and the intelligence, the embedded technology is improved a lot. Because of its stability, open-source, easy-porting and other strongpoint, linux is widely used in embedded field and has huge potation and value in commerce. Because there are many embedded processors, porting linux to a processor is the first step of using linux in embedded area.
Among the main embedded processors, ARM is the main stream. So after researching and testing on the linux, the author introduces several key technology about linux porting. First, the author introduces the ARM architecture in detail to make the readers have deep impression. Then, the author explains the concept, the characteristic and the functions of bootloader and how to port a bootloader. And the author expatiates the important data structures of the linux kernel related to ARM and the interrupt and memory management. Next, the author introduces the types of the file system and how to build a linux file system. At last, the Linux will be in Human-Machine Interface field. It is the first Linux embedded system which is used in Human_machine Interface field. I believe that this success will improve the application of Linux system in industry area.
ARM平台是目前应用非常广泛的处理器体系结构，自然也是linux嵌入式系统移植的一个重点。本文是作者在对linux嵌入式操作系统大量研究和实践的基础上，针对linux嵌入式系统移植的几个主要核心技术展开。首先详细分析了ARM体系结构的特点并对其进行了系统的总结和归纳，然后详细的分析和阐释了bootloader重要性、概念、功能、框架，总结和归纳了bootloader移植关键问题，特点以及移植过程，接下来系统地分析了linux内核与ARM平台移植相关的重要数据结构，中断和内存管理，紧接着作者归纳了嵌入式文件系统选择的原则、类型以及制作文件系统的必须具备的内容。最后，在对linux系统核心移植技术归纳和总结的基础上，将linux系统移植技术应用于一款工控触摸屏人机界面，它是国内较早使用linux嵌入式系统的人机界面，它的应用成功，会更加有力的推动linux嵌入式系统在我国工业产品中的应用。
Along with the development of the information, the network and the intelligence, the embedded technology is improved a lot. Because of its stability, open-source, easy-porting and other strongpoint, linux is widely used in embedded field and has huge potation and value in commerce. Because there are many embedded processors, porting linux to a processor is the first step of using linux in embedded area.
Among the main embedded processors, ARM is the main stream. So after researching and testing on the linux, the author introduces several key technology about linux porting. First, the author introduces the ARM architecture in detail to make the readers have deep impression. Then, the author explains the concept, the characteristic and the functions of bootloader and how to port a bootloader. And the author expatiates the important data structures of the linux kernel related to ARM and the interrupt and memory management. Next, the author introduces the types of the file system and how to build a linux file system. At last, the Linux will be in Human-Machine Interface field. It is the first Linux embedded system which is used in Human_machine Interface field. I believe that this success will improve the application of Linux system in industry area.
引文
[1] 吕京建，肖海桥．面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述．1999，http://www.bol-system.com
[2] 李善平，刘文峰，王焕龙等．Linux与嵌入式系统．清华大学出版社，2003
[3] ARM公司．ARM公司背景资料．2001，http://www.arm.com/chinese
[4] 罗蕾．嵌入式实时操作系统讲义及实验．2004．2
[5] Steve Furber. Arm System-On-Chip Architecture (2Nd Edition), Addison Wesley, 2001
[6] 毛德操，胡希明．嵌入式系统采用公开源代码和StrongARM／Xscale．浙江：浙江大学出版社，2003
[7] ARM Limited. ARM 7TDMI Technical Reference Manual (Rcv4). 2001, ARM公司.
[8] 杜春雷．ARM体系结构与编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[9] ARM Limited. ARM 920 Technical Reference Manual (Rev4). ARM公司, 2002
[10] 詹荣开．嵌入式BootLoader技术内幕2003．
[11] 鹏．走进嵌入式Linux的世界．http://www.900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/embed/part/
[12] ARM Limited, edited by David Seal. ARM architecture Refrence Manual, Znd. 20, Addison·Wesley
[13] Liunx Doc Project. http://www.linuxdoc.org
[14] Miedlar, M. J., Bauer s. C., Powers P. H., The portable operating system, Aerospace and Electronics Conference, 1995. NAECON 1995., Proceedings IEEE 1995 National, Vo Iulne: 2, 22-26 May 1995, Pages; 693—698 vol.2
[15] Russell King. Kernel Memory Layout on ARM Linux, 2003. http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/develper
[16] M. Beck et al. Linux Kernel Internals, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 1998. [7] 肖文
[17] 彭小明，王强编著．Linux核心源代码分析．人民邮电出版社
[18] 彭晓明，王强．Linux核心源代码分析．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．96—105
[19] Mel Gorman. Understanding The Linux Virtual Memory Manager. 2003 http://www.csn.ul.je/～mel/projects/cm/guide/html/understand/
[20] steveFurbu：著，田泽等译，《ARM Soc体系结构》，北京航空航天大学出版社， 2002年10月
[21] 马忠梅等编著．《ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础》．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002年1月
[22] 郭玉东．Linux操作系统结构分析．第1版．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002．161-163
[23] william Stallmgs．操作系统：精髓与原理．第3版．北京：清华大学出版社．1995．46，88
[24] Andrew 5 Tanenbaum, Albert 5 Woodhull. Operating Systems: design and implementation.第版．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．3-5
[25] 毛德操，胡希明．Linux内核源代码情景分析(上下册)．第1版．北京：浙江大学出版社，2001．2—3
[26] 李善平，刘文峰，李程远，下焕龙，王伟波．LINUX内核2.4版源代码分析大全．2002．机械业出版社
[27] 邱巍．嵌入式linux操作系统移植[学位论文]．武汉理工大学，2004
[28] 鹏．走进嵌入式Linux的世界．http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/linux/embed/embdev/index.shtm
[29] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. O'Reilly, 2003
[30] Intel. Pxa255developers manual. 2004
[2] 李善平，刘文峰，王焕龙等．Linux与嵌入式系统．清华大学出版社，2003
[3] ARM公司．ARM公司背景资料．2001，http://www.arm.com/chinese
[4] 罗蕾．嵌入式实时操作系统讲义及实验．2004．2
[5] Steve Furber. Arm System-On-Chip Architecture (2Nd Edition), Addison Wesley, 2001
[6] 毛德操，胡希明．嵌入式系统采用公开源代码和StrongARM／Xscale．浙江：浙江大学出版社，2003
[7] ARM Limited. ARM 7TDMI Technical Reference Manual (Rcv4). 2001, ARM公司.
[8] 杜春雷．ARM体系结构与编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[9] ARM Limited. ARM 920 Technical Reference Manual (Rev4). ARM公司, 2002
[10] 詹荣开．嵌入式BootLoader技术内幕2003．
[11] 鹏．走进嵌入式Linux的世界．http://www.900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/embed/part/
[12] ARM Limited, edited by David Seal. ARM architecture Refrence Manual, Znd. 20, Addison·Wesley
[13] Liunx Doc Project. http://www.linuxdoc.org
[14] Miedlar, M. J., Bauer s. C., Powers P. H., The portable operating system, Aerospace and Electronics Conference, 1995. NAECON 1995., Proceedings IEEE 1995 National, Vo Iulne: 2, 22-26 May 1995, Pages; 693—698 vol.2
[15] Russell King. Kernel Memory Layout on ARM Linux, 2003. http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/develper
[16] M. Beck et al. Linux Kernel Internals, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 1998. [7] 肖文
[17] 彭小明，王强编著．Linux核心源代码分析．人民邮电出版社
[18] 彭晓明，王强．Linux核心源代码分析．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．96—105
[19] Mel Gorman. Understanding The Linux Virtual Memory Manager. 2003 http://www.csn.ul.je/～mel/projects/cm/guide/html/understand/
[20] steveFurbu：著，田泽等译，《ARM Soc体系结构》，北京航空航天大学出版社， 2002年10月
[21] 马忠梅等编著．《ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础》．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002年1月
[22] 郭玉东．Linux操作系统结构分析．第1版．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002．161-163
[23] william Stallmgs．操作系统：精髓与原理．第3版．北京：清华大学出版社．1995．46，88
[24] Andrew 5 Tanenbaum, Albert 5 Woodhull. Operating Systems: design and implementation.第版．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．3-5
[25] 毛德操，胡希明．Linux内核源代码情景分析(上下册)．第1版．北京：浙江大学出版社，2001．2—3
[26] 李善平，刘文峰，李程远，下焕龙，王伟波．LINUX内核2.4版源代码分析大全．2002．机械业出版社
[27] 邱巍．嵌入式linux操作系统移植[学位论文]．武汉理工大学，2004
[28] 鹏．走进嵌入式Linux的世界．http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/linux/embed/embdev/index.shtm
[29] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. O'Reilly, 2003
[30] Intel. Pxa255developers manual. 2004