THEORA视频编码在嵌入式系统中的应用
摘要
本论文介绍了视频编码技术的发展状况和视频编码的基本原理和方法。讨论了无专利要求的Ogg Theora数字视频编码的技术。基于Theora视频编码器规范,研究了Theora的帧布局、图像区域、块和超级块、宏块、编码模式和预测、从帧到宏块的分割等特点和技术。详细讨论了根据Theora的规范要求,如何利用libtheora函数库给出的数据结构及函数编程实现编码器。
论文研究了将Theora视频编码器移植到基于ARM处理器的嵌入式系统上的技术。先一步进行的工作是用C语言先将Theora编码器在PC机上实现,在这个过程中研究了如何使用autoconf和automake将代码进行有效的编译。第2部分的工作是对嵌入式操作系统的学习研究,并将编码器移植到Xscale255处理器为核心的评估板上。
嵌入式操作系统选用的是源代码开放的Linux。论文介绍了软件设计过程,包括开发环境的搭建、内核的编译与移植、bootloader开发、文件系统移植、系统启动过程等。最后针对XHPER255B评估板的特点,将Theora编码器移植其上,实现了嵌入式系统上的Theora编码器功能。
In this paper, development of the video coding and basic principle and method of the coding technology of videos are introduced. A patent-free digital video coding algorithm called as Ogg Theora is described. Based on the theora_I_specification, the characteristic of the frame layout, picture region, blocks and super blocks, macro blocks, coding modes and prediction are deeply analyzed. According to specification of Theora, making use of data structure and function provided in function library called as libtheora, the realization of video encoder is discussed in detail.
The technology on how to transplant Theora video encoder to the embedded system based on ARM processor is studied in thesis. At first, the job starts with realizing Theora encoder on the PC first in C language. In this course how to use autoconf and automake to carry on valid compiling of the code is studied. The second part work is the research of embedded operating system, and the transplant of the encoder to the evaluation board powered by Xscale255 processor.
The Linux operating system which is open source code is selected for use as the the embedded operating system. The software development including setting up of the development environment, compiling and transplantation, bootloader development, file system transplanting, systematic start-up course of the kernel is introduced. Finally, aiming at characteristic of the board to XHPER255B, Theora encoder is transplanted and function on the embedded system.
论文研究了将Theora视频编码器移植到基于ARM处理器的嵌入式系统上的技术。先一步进行的工作是用C语言先将Theora编码器在PC机上实现,在这个过程中研究了如何使用autoconf和automake将代码进行有效的编译。第2部分的工作是对嵌入式操作系统的学习研究,并将编码器移植到Xscale255处理器为核心的评估板上。
嵌入式操作系统选用的是源代码开放的Linux。论文介绍了软件设计过程,包括开发环境的搭建、内核的编译与移植、bootloader开发、文件系统移植、系统启动过程等。最后针对XHPER255B评估板的特点,将Theora编码器移植其上,实现了嵌入式系统上的Theora编码器功能。
In this paper, development of the video coding and basic principle and method of the coding technology of videos are introduced. A patent-free digital video coding algorithm called as Ogg Theora is described. Based on the theora_I_specification, the characteristic of the frame layout, picture region, blocks and super blocks, macro blocks, coding modes and prediction are deeply analyzed. According to specification of Theora, making use of data structure and function provided in function library called as libtheora, the realization of video encoder is discussed in detail.
The technology on how to transplant Theora video encoder to the embedded system based on ARM processor is studied in thesis. At first, the job starts with realizing Theora encoder on the PC first in C language. In this course how to use autoconf and automake to carry on valid compiling of the code is studied. The second part work is the research of embedded operating system, and the transplant of the encoder to the evaluation board powered by Xscale255 processor.
The Linux operating system which is open source code is selected for use as the the embedded operating system. The software development including setting up of the development environment, compiling and transplantation, bootloader development, file system transplanting, systematic start-up course of the kernel is introduced. Finally, aiming at characteristic of the board to XHPER255B, Theora encoder is transplanted and function on the embedded system.
引文
[1]涂亚明. 基于块匹配的快速运动估计算法研究及应用. 北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2000 年 5 月
[2] 钟玉琢,王琪,贺玉文等. 基于对象的多媒体数据压缩标准—MPEG-4 及其校验模型 科学出版社,2000
[3] ITU-T Recommendation H.261. Video Codec for audiovisual services at p×64kbit/s. Mar.1993.
[4] ITU-T Recommendation H.263.Video Coding for low rate. May. 1996.
[5] G.K.Wallace. The JPEG still picture compression standard. Commun. ACM Commun. ACM, 1991 Vol. 34,pp:30-44.
[6] MPEG-1 Committee Draft. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11.ISO/IEC CD11172:Information technology, Dec.1991
[7] MPEG-2 Committee Draft. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11.ISO/IEC CD11172:Information technology, Dec.1991
[8] MPEG-4 Video verificatiaon model version 14.0. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 n2932. 1999:301-303
[9] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11. MPEG-7:Content and Objects(version1.0 Atlantic City).
[10] http://www.theora.org
[11] Darrick Addison.《嵌入式 Linux 应用》.IBM developer Works 中国网站
[12] Intel PXA255 Processor Developer’s Manual
[13] Theora I Specification
[14] ARM Architecture Reference Manual
[15] 毛德操,胡希明. 嵌入式系统-采用公开源码和 StrongARM/Xscale 处理器. 浙江大学出版社. 2003 年
[16] http://www.arm.linux.org.uk
[17] http://www.embedded.com
[18] http://www.embeddedlinux.com
[19] Yi Liu. Software Codecs on PC. AMD July 2000
[20] 孙惠章. 视频数据熵编码. 青海大学学报(自然科学版). 第 19 卷,第 4 期,2001 年 8 月
[21] Andrey N. Filippov Building an Ogg Theora camera using an FPGA and embedded Linux
[22] 原岛博主编. 薛培鼎,徐国译. 图像信息压缩. 科学出版社. 2004
[23] 许宏松等. Linux应用程序开发指南:使用Gtk+/Gnome库. 机械工业出版社 . 2000
[24] 王学龙编著. 嵌入式 Linux 操作系统设计与应用. 清华大学出版社. 2001
[25] Rick Grehan,Robert Moote Real_Time Programming A GUIDE TO 32_BIT EMBEDDED DEVELOPMENT . 2001
[26] Scott Burkett, Sven Goldt, John D. Harper, Sven van der Meer and Matt Welsh The Linux Programmer’s Guide. 1996
[27] 怀石工作室编著. Linux 上的 C 编程. 中国电力出版社. 2000
[28] 马忠梅. ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础. 北京航空航天出版社. 2001
[2] 钟玉琢,王琪,贺玉文等. 基于对象的多媒体数据压缩标准—MPEG-4 及其校验模型 科学出版社,2000
[3] ITU-T Recommendation H.261. Video Codec for audiovisual services at p×64kbit/s. Mar.1993.
[4] ITU-T Recommendation H.263.Video Coding for low rate. May. 1996.
[5] G.K.Wallace. The JPEG still picture compression standard. Commun. ACM Commun. ACM, 1991 Vol. 34,pp:30-44.
[6] MPEG-1 Committee Draft. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11.ISO/IEC CD11172:Information technology, Dec.1991
[7] MPEG-2 Committee Draft. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11.ISO/IEC CD11172:Information technology, Dec.1991
[8] MPEG-4 Video verificatiaon model version 14.0. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 n2932. 1999:301-303
[9] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11. MPEG-7:Content and Objects(version1.0 Atlantic City).
[10] http://www.theora.org
[11] Darrick Addison.《嵌入式 Linux 应用》.IBM developer Works 中国网站
[12] Intel PXA255 Processor Developer’s Manual
[13] Theora I Specification
[14] ARM Architecture Reference Manual
[15] 毛德操,胡希明. 嵌入式系统-采用公开源码和 StrongARM/Xscale 处理器. 浙江大学出版社. 2003 年
[16] http://www.arm.linux.org.uk
[17] http://www.embedded.com
[18] http://www.embeddedlinux.com
[19] Yi Liu. Software Codecs on PC. AMD July 2000
[20] 孙惠章. 视频数据熵编码. 青海大学学报(自然科学版). 第 19 卷,第 4 期,2001 年 8 月
[21] Andrey N. Filippov Building an Ogg Theora camera using an FPGA and embedded Linux
[22] 原岛博主编. 薛培鼎,徐国译. 图像信息压缩. 科学出版社. 2004
[23] 许宏松等. Linux应用程序开发指南:使用Gtk+/Gnome库. 机械工业出版社 . 2000
[24] 王学龙编著. 嵌入式 Linux 操作系统设计与应用. 清华大学出版社. 2001
[25] Rick Grehan,Robert Moote Real_Time Programming A GUIDE TO 32_BIT EMBEDDED DEVELOPMENT . 2001
[26] Scott Burkett, Sven Goldt, John D. Harper, Sven van der Meer and Matt Welsh The Linux Programmer’s Guide. 1996
[27] 怀石工作室编著. Linux 上的 C 编程. 中国电力出版社. 2000
[28] 马忠梅. ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础. 北京航空航天出版社. 2001