多载波系统中自适应资源分配算法和LDPC编码研究
|
摘要
下一代移动通信系统需要支持高速率、高可靠性的数据传输业务,如何在恶劣的信道环境下实现这些业务,提供端到端的服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)保证,是未来移动通信系统关注的一个重要问题。正交频分复用(OrthogonalFrequency Division,OFDM)技术能有效克服多径衰落,提高传输速率;多入多出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)技术能有效改善系统性能或显著提高系统容量;随着信道变化调整系统传输参数和结构以适应无线环境的自适应技术能进一步提高频谱效率,改善系统性能。因此,OFDM技术、MIMO技术以及自适应技术已经被认为是未来移动通信系统中的主要候选技术。
本论文研究多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法。针对不同约束条件,提出了几种自适应比特功率分配算法。在对MIMO-OFDM系统模型分析的基础上,将所提的几种算法推广到了MIMO-OFDM系统中。分析研究了联合低密度校验码(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)编码及自适应分配算法在多载波系统中的性能。此外,本论文还研究了不完整信道信息对自适应分配算法性能的影响,提出了一种能减小该影响的自适应分配算法。同时,论文还对LDPC编码,OFDM技术以及自适应分配算法在图像传输中的应用做了研究。
论文的第一章为绪论,介绍本论文的研究背景、国内外研究现状,以及本文的结构和创新点。
作为研究基础,第二章介绍了OFDM、自适应技术以及MIMO-OFDM技术的原理,分析了这些技术的优缺点,给出了不同性能要求下,自适应源分配算法的多种数学模型。
第三章研究多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法。提出了一种最小化系统误码率的自适应比特功率分配算法。该算法可以在给定目标传输速率和总功率约束条件下,实现最小化系统误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)。算法首先构建包含比特和功率值的拉格朗日函数,对其求导,获得每个子载波的最佳比特功率值。分析结果表明,该算法在低计算复杂度的情况下,可以很好地改善系统的误码率性能。在对MIMO-OFDM系统模型分析的基础上,将该算法推广到了空间复用(Spatial Multiplexing,SM)OFDM系统中,对其在SM-OFDM系统中的性能做了仿真分析。结果表明,算法仍高效可行。
第四章提出了两种最大化系统容量的自适应比特功率分配算法。两种算法都可以在给定目标误码率和总功率约束条件下,实现最大化系统容量。一种在满足每个子载波的误码率都小于目标误码率的情况下,进行功率再分配;另一种在满足所有子载波的平均误码率小于目标误码率的情况下,进行功率再分配。分析结果表明,两种算法都可以实现很好的吞吐量性能。基于第三章对MIMO-OFDM系统模型的分析,研究了两种算法在SM-OFDM系统中的性能。仿真结果表明,两种算法仍然可靠有效。在本章中,还对不完整信道状态信息(反馈时延和估计误差)对自适应算法性能的影响做了研究,提出了一种可以减小不完整信道信息对自适应算法性能影响的比特功率分配算法,仿真表明,该算法在对抗反馈时延和估计误差带来的信道误匹配上具有有效性。
第五章研究了结合LDPC编码的多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法的性能。首先介绍了LDPC码的基本原理以及编译码算法。进而分别研究了最小化误码率自适应源分配算法、最小化发射功率自适应源分配算法,和不同码长及码率的LDPC码相结合,应用于多载波系统中的性能。对该性能做了仿真验证,结果表明,采用联合LDPC编码和自适应源分配算法,比采用单独的未编码自适应或非自适应的LDPC码的性能都要好。这说明了结合LDPC码和自适应源分配算法在多载波系统中的有效性。结果还表明,LDPC编码带来的增益,要比自适应源分配算法带来的增益大。
第六章研究了自适应比特功率分配算法、LDPC编码以及OFDM技术对图像传输性能的影响。提出了结合OFDM、LDPC编码以及本文所提的自适应比特功率分配算法的图像传输方案。分别研究了最小化误码率自适应比特功率分配算法和最小化发射功率自适应比特功率分配算法结合LDPC编码及OFDM的图像传输方案的性能。分析结果表明,同时采用OFDM、LDPC编码以及本文所提的自适应比特功率分配三种技术的图像传输质量,要好于采用OFDM+LDPC或OFDM+自适应或单纯的OFDM。说明OFDM、LDPC编码以及自适应分配算法三者的结合应用在图像传输中是高效可行的。
第七章总结论文的主要创新成果与研究结论,提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的问题。
The next-generation mobile communication systems are required to provide high data-rate, high reliable transmission. How to provide these services and guarantee end-to-end QoS under abominable channel environment has been one challenge of the future wireless communication systems. OFDM can resist multipath fading and increase the transmission rate; MIMO can improve the system performance and capacity; adaptive technology which automatically adjusts the transmission parameters and structure to meet the wireless environment can improve the spectral efficiency and the system performance. So, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive technology are regarded to be key technologies of the future wireless mobile communication system.
This dissertation researches on adaptive bit and power allocation algorithms in multicarrier systems. Several adaptive bit and power allocation algorithms are proposed according to different constraints. Based on the analysis of MIMO-OFDM system model, the proposed algorithms are extended to MIMO-OFDM systems. The performance of combined LDPC coding and adaptive allocation algorithms in multicarrier systems is studied. Furthermore, the effect of the imperfect channel state information on the adaptive algorithms is studied, and an adaptive algorithm is presented which can lower the effect. The dissertation also researches on the performance of LDPC coding, OFDM and adaptive algorithms in image transmission.
Section I is the preface of this dissertation, which introduces the background knowledge and the current researching status. The organization and main contributions of this paper are presented also.
As a theoretical foundation, In Section II, the principle of OFDM, adaptive technology and MIMO-OFDM is introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. In this Section, several mathematical models of adaptive algorithms are given according to different service requests.
In Section III, adaptive bit and power allocation algorithms in multicarrier systems are researched. An adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm is presented which minimize the BER under the constraints of total transmission rate and total power. Firstly, the algorithm constructs Lagrange function containing bit and power values, then obtains the optimal bit and power values of each subcarrier by the differential of Lagrange function. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the system performance greatly with low computational complexity. Based on the analysis of MIMO-OFDM system, the proposed algorithm is extended to SM-OFDM system. The simulation results show that the algorithm is still effective
In Section IV, two bit and power allocation algorithms are presented, which can maximize the system capacity under the constraints of target BER and total power. One reallocates power based on the fact that BER value of each subcarrier is lower than the target BER; another one reallocates power based on the fact that the average BER of all subcarriers is lower than the target BER. The simulation results show that two algorithms can implement high throughput. Based on the analysis of MIMO-OFDM system model in Section III, the performance of two algorithms in SM-OFDM system is studied. The results show that two algorithms are effective and reliable in SM-OFDM system. In this Section, the effect of imperfect channel state information on adaptive algorithms is researched, and an adaptive algorithm which can lower this effect is presented. The results show that this algorithm is effective to resist the channel mismatch result form feedback delay and estimation error.
In Section V, the performance of combined LDPC coding and adaptive bit power allocation algorithms in multicarrier system is researched. Firstly, the basic principle of LDPC codes is introduced. Then, the performance of combined LDPC coding with two adaptive algorithms (one is to minimize the BER and another is to minimize the transmission power) in multicarrier system is researched respectively. The simulation results show that the performance with combined LDPC coding and adaptive algorithm is better than LDPC coding or adaptive algorithm alone. This indicates that the combination of LDPC coding and adaptive algorithm is effective in multicarrier system. The results also show that the gain result from LDPC coding is higher than that result from adaptive algorithm.
In Section VI, the performance of adaptive bit power allocation algorithm, LDPC coding and OFDM in image transmission is researched. Image transmission scheme which use the combination technology of adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm、LDPC coding and OFDM is proposed. The performance of two image transmission schemes is studied respectively. One scheme ues LDPC coding、OFDM and adaptive algorithm which is to minimize the BER, another scheme uses LDPC coding、OFDM and adaptive algorithm which is to minimize the transmission power. The simulation results show that the performance of image transmission with OFDM, LDPC and adaptive algorithm is better than that with OFDM+LDPC or OFDM+adaptive algorithm or OFDM. This indicates that the combination of OFDM, LDPC and adaptive algorithms is effective in image transmission.
In Section VII, the dissertation is summarized and some problems need to be further researched are presented.
本论文研究多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法。针对不同约束条件,提出了几种自适应比特功率分配算法。在对MIMO-OFDM系统模型分析的基础上,将所提的几种算法推广到了MIMO-OFDM系统中。分析研究了联合低密度校验码(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)编码及自适应分配算法在多载波系统中的性能。此外,本论文还研究了不完整信道信息对自适应分配算法性能的影响,提出了一种能减小该影响的自适应分配算法。同时,论文还对LDPC编码,OFDM技术以及自适应分配算法在图像传输中的应用做了研究。
论文的第一章为绪论,介绍本论文的研究背景、国内外研究现状,以及本文的结构和创新点。
作为研究基础,第二章介绍了OFDM、自适应技术以及MIMO-OFDM技术的原理,分析了这些技术的优缺点,给出了不同性能要求下,自适应源分配算法的多种数学模型。
第三章研究多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法。提出了一种最小化系统误码率的自适应比特功率分配算法。该算法可以在给定目标传输速率和总功率约束条件下,实现最小化系统误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)。算法首先构建包含比特和功率值的拉格朗日函数,对其求导,获得每个子载波的最佳比特功率值。分析结果表明,该算法在低计算复杂度的情况下,可以很好地改善系统的误码率性能。在对MIMO-OFDM系统模型分析的基础上,将该算法推广到了空间复用(Spatial Multiplexing,SM)OFDM系统中,对其在SM-OFDM系统中的性能做了仿真分析。结果表明,算法仍高效可行。
第四章提出了两种最大化系统容量的自适应比特功率分配算法。两种算法都可以在给定目标误码率和总功率约束条件下,实现最大化系统容量。一种在满足每个子载波的误码率都小于目标误码率的情况下,进行功率再分配;另一种在满足所有子载波的平均误码率小于目标误码率的情况下,进行功率再分配。分析结果表明,两种算法都可以实现很好的吞吐量性能。基于第三章对MIMO-OFDM系统模型的分析,研究了两种算法在SM-OFDM系统中的性能。仿真结果表明,两种算法仍然可靠有效。在本章中,还对不完整信道状态信息(反馈时延和估计误差)对自适应算法性能的影响做了研究,提出了一种可以减小不完整信道信息对自适应算法性能影响的比特功率分配算法,仿真表明,该算法在对抗反馈时延和估计误差带来的信道误匹配上具有有效性。
第五章研究了结合LDPC编码的多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法的性能。首先介绍了LDPC码的基本原理以及编译码算法。进而分别研究了最小化误码率自适应源分配算法、最小化发射功率自适应源分配算法,和不同码长及码率的LDPC码相结合,应用于多载波系统中的性能。对该性能做了仿真验证,结果表明,采用联合LDPC编码和自适应源分配算法,比采用单独的未编码自适应或非自适应的LDPC码的性能都要好。这说明了结合LDPC码和自适应源分配算法在多载波系统中的有效性。结果还表明,LDPC编码带来的增益,要比自适应源分配算法带来的增益大。
第六章研究了自适应比特功率分配算法、LDPC编码以及OFDM技术对图像传输性能的影响。提出了结合OFDM、LDPC编码以及本文所提的自适应比特功率分配算法的图像传输方案。分别研究了最小化误码率自适应比特功率分配算法和最小化发射功率自适应比特功率分配算法结合LDPC编码及OFDM的图像传输方案的性能。分析结果表明,同时采用OFDM、LDPC编码以及本文所提的自适应比特功率分配三种技术的图像传输质量,要好于采用OFDM+LDPC或OFDM+自适应或单纯的OFDM。说明OFDM、LDPC编码以及自适应分配算法三者的结合应用在图像传输中是高效可行的。
第七章总结论文的主要创新成果与研究结论,提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的问题。
The next-generation mobile communication systems are required to provide high data-rate, high reliable transmission. How to provide these services and guarantee end-to-end QoS under abominable channel environment has been one challenge of the future wireless communication systems. OFDM can resist multipath fading and increase the transmission rate; MIMO can improve the system performance and capacity; adaptive technology which automatically adjusts the transmission parameters and structure to meet the wireless environment can improve the spectral efficiency and the system performance. So, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive technology are regarded to be key technologies of the future wireless mobile communication system.
This dissertation researches on adaptive bit and power allocation algorithms in multicarrier systems. Several adaptive bit and power allocation algorithms are proposed according to different constraints. Based on the analysis of MIMO-OFDM system model, the proposed algorithms are extended to MIMO-OFDM systems. The performance of combined LDPC coding and adaptive allocation algorithms in multicarrier systems is studied. Furthermore, the effect of the imperfect channel state information on the adaptive algorithms is studied, and an adaptive algorithm is presented which can lower the effect. The dissertation also researches on the performance of LDPC coding, OFDM and adaptive algorithms in image transmission.
Section I is the preface of this dissertation, which introduces the background knowledge and the current researching status. The organization and main contributions of this paper are presented also.
As a theoretical foundation, In Section II, the principle of OFDM, adaptive technology and MIMO-OFDM is introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. In this Section, several mathematical models of adaptive algorithms are given according to different service requests.
In Section III, adaptive bit and power allocation algorithms in multicarrier systems are researched. An adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm is presented which minimize the BER under the constraints of total transmission rate and total power. Firstly, the algorithm constructs Lagrange function containing bit and power values, then obtains the optimal bit and power values of each subcarrier by the differential of Lagrange function. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the system performance greatly with low computational complexity. Based on the analysis of MIMO-OFDM system, the proposed algorithm is extended to SM-OFDM system. The simulation results show that the algorithm is still effective
In Section IV, two bit and power allocation algorithms are presented, which can maximize the system capacity under the constraints of target BER and total power. One reallocates power based on the fact that BER value of each subcarrier is lower than the target BER; another one reallocates power based on the fact that the average BER of all subcarriers is lower than the target BER. The simulation results show that two algorithms can implement high throughput. Based on the analysis of MIMO-OFDM system model in Section III, the performance of two algorithms in SM-OFDM system is studied. The results show that two algorithms are effective and reliable in SM-OFDM system. In this Section, the effect of imperfect channel state information on adaptive algorithms is researched, and an adaptive algorithm which can lower this effect is presented. The results show that this algorithm is effective to resist the channel mismatch result form feedback delay and estimation error.
In Section V, the performance of combined LDPC coding and adaptive bit power allocation algorithms in multicarrier system is researched. Firstly, the basic principle of LDPC codes is introduced. Then, the performance of combined LDPC coding with two adaptive algorithms (one is to minimize the BER and another is to minimize the transmission power) in multicarrier system is researched respectively. The simulation results show that the performance with combined LDPC coding and adaptive algorithm is better than LDPC coding or adaptive algorithm alone. This indicates that the combination of LDPC coding and adaptive algorithm is effective in multicarrier system. The results also show that the gain result from LDPC coding is higher than that result from adaptive algorithm.
In Section VI, the performance of adaptive bit power allocation algorithm, LDPC coding and OFDM in image transmission is researched. Image transmission scheme which use the combination technology of adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm、LDPC coding and OFDM is proposed. The performance of two image transmission schemes is studied respectively. One scheme ues LDPC coding、OFDM and adaptive algorithm which is to minimize the BER, another scheme uses LDPC coding、OFDM and adaptive algorithm which is to minimize the transmission power. The simulation results show that the performance of image transmission with OFDM, LDPC and adaptive algorithm is better than that with OFDM+LDPC or OFDM+adaptive algorithm or OFDM. This indicates that the combination of OFDM, LDPC and adaptive algorithms is effective in image transmission.
In Section VII, the dissertation is summarized and some problems need to be further researched are presented.
引文
[1] Suk Yu Hui, Kai Hau Yeung. Challenges in the migration to 4G mobile systems.IEEE Communications Magazine, 2003,41: 54-59.
[2] Jun-Zhao Sun, Sauvola, J., Howie D. Features in future 4G visions from a technical perspective. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2001, 6: 3533-3537.
[3] An Young Kim, Eun Cheol Kim. Key concept of radio access for the 4G mobile communication systems. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 2004,1: 245-248.
[4] Zahariadis T. Trends in the path to 4G Communications Engineer, 2003, 1:12-15.
[5] ETSI EN 302 307 VI. 1.1 (2004-06), European Standard (Telecommunications series), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications.
[6] The International Forum on Future Mobile Telecommunications & China-EU Post Conference on Beyond 3G, The High Technology Research and Development Center (HTRDC)of Most Future Coordination Committee of 863 Program (FuTURE), Conference proceedings, Nov.20-22,2002,Beijing, China.
[7] http://ieee802.org/16
[8] J. F. Hayes. Adaptive feedback communications. IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 1968, 16: 29-34.
[9] T.M.Cover and J.A.Thomas. Elements of information theory. Wiley, New York, NY, 1991.
[10] I.E.Telatar, Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels, AT&T Bell Lab Internal Tech. Memo., June 1995.
[11] D.Hughes-Hartogs.Ensemble Modem structure for imperfect transmission media. U.S.Patents 4679227(July1987), 4731816 (March1988), and4883706 (Mayl989).
[12] R F H. Fischer, J. B. Huber. A new algorithm for discrete multitone transmission. In Proc. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., London, U.K., 1996, 724-728.
[13] P. S. Chow, J. M. Cioffi and J. A. C. Bingham. A practical discrete multitone transceiver loading algorithm for data transmission over spectrally shaped channels.IEEE Trans.Commun.,1995,43(2):773-775.
[14]A.M.Wyglinski.,F.Labeau and P.Kabal.Bit loading with BER-constraint for multicarrier Systems.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,4(4):1383-1387,2005.
[15]B.Krongold,K.Ramchandran and D.Jones.Computationally efficient optimal power allocation algorithms for multicarrier communication systems.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2000,48(1):23-27.
[16]A.Leke and J.M.Cioffi.A maximum rate loading algorithm for discrete multitone modulation systems.in Proc.IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf.,Phoenix,AZ.,1997,1514-1518.
[17]J.Campello.Practical bit loading for DMT.In Proc.IEEE Int.Conf.Communications,Vancouver,Canada.,1999,801-905.
[18]A.M.Wyglinski,P.Kabal and F.Labeau.Adaptive bit and power allocation for indoor wireless multicarrier systems.in Proc.15th Int.Conf.Wireless Communications,Calgary,AB,Canada.,2003,500-508.
[19]Li Zhen,Wang Weihua,Zhou Wenan and Song Junde.A simple bit and power allocation algorithm for OFDM systems.Proceeding of ICCT2003,2003,2.1169-1172.
[20]A.P.Iserte,M.A.L.Hernandez and A.I.Perez-Neira.Robust power allocation for minimum BERin a SISO-OFDM system.ICC'03,2003,2:1263-1267.
[21]Li Zhen,Wang Weihua,Zhou Wenan and Song Junde.A modified sub-optimal adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm in wideband OFDM system.IEEE CCECE 2003,Canadian,2003,3:1589-1592.
[22]B.Krongold,K.Ramchandran and D.Jones.An efficient algorithm for optimal margin maximization in multicarrier communication systems.GLOBECOM'99,1B:899-903,1999.
[23]C.Schurgers and M.B.Srivastava.Energy efficient wireless scheduling:adaptive loading in time.IEEE WCNC2002,2002,2:17-21.
[24]J.Campello.Optimal discrete bit loading for multicarrier modulation systems.ISIT 1998.Cambridge,MA,USA,August,1998,16-21.
[25]M.K.Wasantha and W.A.C.Fernando.QAM based adaptive modulation for OFDM-CDMA wireless networks.The 5~(th) International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications,Oct.2002,2:715-719.
[26]P.Bansal,A.Brzezinski.Adaptive loading in MIMO/OFDM systems.www.mit.edu/～brzezin/359/359.pdf,2003.
[27]Y.J.Zhang and K.B.Letaief.An efficient resource-allocation scheme for spatial multiuser access in MIMO/OFDM systems.IEEE Trans.Commun.,2005,53(1):107-116.
[28]C.Y.Wong,C.Y.Tsui,R.S.Cheng and K.B.Letaief.A real-time subcarrier allocation scheme for multiple access downlink OFDM transmission.In Proc.VTC'99,1999,2:1124-1128.
[29]Zhenping Hu,Guangxi Zhu,Yuan Xia and Gan Liu.Multiuser subcarrier and bit allocation for MIMO-OFDM systems with perfect and partial channel information.In Proc.WCNC'2004,2004,2:1188-1193.
[30]D.Kivanc,Guoqing Li and Hui Liu.Computationally efficient bandwidth allocation and power control for OFDMA.IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,2003,2(6):1150-1158.
[31]C.Y.Wong,R.S.Cheng,K.B.Letaief and R.D.Murch.Multiuser OFMD with adaptive subcarder,bit and power allocation.IEEE J.Sel.Commun.,1999,17(18):1747-1757.
[32]D.Kivanc and Hui Liu.Subcarrier allocation and power control for OFDMA.In Proc.ACSSC'00,29 Oct.- 1 Nov.2000,1:147-151.
[33]Ka-Wai Ng,R.S.Cheng and R.D.Murch.Interative bit & power allocation for V-BLAST based OFDM MIMO system in frequency selective fading channel.In Proc.WCNC'2002,Mar.2002,1:271-275,17-21.
[34]Koochul Jung,Chang Soon Park and Kwang Bok Lee.Bit and power allocation for MIMO-OFDM systems with spatial mode selection over frequency-space time-selective channels.In Proc.VTC'2004-Fall,Sept.2004,5:3404-3408,26-29.
[35]Chengkang Pan,Yueming Cai and Youyun Xu.Adaptive subcarrier and power allocation for multiuser MIMO-OFDM transmission.In Proc.VTC'2004-Spriing,May 2004,2:79-83.
[36]Zhengping Hu,Guangxi Zhu,Yuan Xia and Gan Liu.Adaptive subcarfier and bit allocation for multiuser MIMO-OFDM transmission.In Proc.ISCIT'2005,2005,1:561-564.
[37]Long Gao,Zhengdong,Luo,Bihua Tang,Yuanan Liu and Jinchun Gao.A low-complexity adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems.In Proc.ISCIT'2005,2005,1:561-564.
[38]Zukang Shen,J.G.Andrews and B.L.Evans.Optimal power allocation in multiuser OFDM systems.In Proc.Globecom'2003,2003,1:337-341.
[39]C.Mohanram and S.Bhasyam.A sub-optimal joint subcarder and power allocation algorithm for multiuser OFDM.IEEE Commun.Letters,2005,9(8):685-687.
[40]Chiung-Jang Chen and Li-Chun Wang.Coverage and capacity enhancement in multiuser MIMO systems with scheduling.In Proc.Globecom'2004,2004,1:101-105.
[41]P.W.C.Chen and R.S.K.Cheng.Reduced-complexity power allocation in zeroforcing MIMO-OFDM downlink system with multiuser diversity.In Proc.ISIT'2005,4-9 Sept.2005,2320-2324.
[42]Jia Tang and Xi Zhang.Link-adaptation-enhanced dynamic channel allocation for MIMO-OFDM wireless networks.In Proc.WCNC'2005,13-17 Mar.2005,2:1126-1131.
[43]Jie Kong,Zhensu Lu and Haiyan Li.A power and bit allocation algorithm of Changeable BER for MIMO OFDM system.In Proc.ISPACS'2005,13-16 Dec.2005,117-120.
[44]Hui Shi,T.Abe and H.Suda.An iterative transmission power allocation scheme for MIMO-OFDM systems.In Proc.VTC'2004-Fall,26-29 Sept.2004,7:4828-4832.
[45]C.E.Shannon.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Tech.J.,1948,27:379-423.
[46]R.W.Hamming.Error detecting and error correcting codes.Bell System Tech.J.,1950,29:147-160.
[47]Paul C.Hershey,Nthony Ephremides and Ramk.Khatria.Performance of RS-BCH concatenated codes and BCH single-stage codes on an interference satellite channel.IEEE Transactions on Communications.,1987,Com-35(5):550-556.
[48]J.Viterbi.Error bounds of convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm.IEEE Transaction.On Information.Theory,1967,13:260-269.
[49]G.Ungerboeck.Channel coding with multilevel/phase signaling.IEEE Transaction.On Information.Theory,1982,25(1):55-67.
[50]IEEE Standand 802.11a-1999,Part Ⅱ:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band.
[51]N.Wiberg,H.A.Loeliger and R.Kotter.Codes and iterative decoding on general graphs.Euro.Transactions.Telecomm.,1995,6:513-525.
[52]N.Wiberg.Codes and decoding on general graphs.PH.D Thesis,linkoping University,S-518 83 Linkoping Sweden,1996.
[53]F.R.Kschischang,B.J.Frey and H.Loeliger.Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm.IEEE Transactions.Information Theory,2001,IT-47:498-519.
[54]G..D.Forney.Jr.Codes on graphs:Normal realizations.IEEE Transactions.Information Theory,2001,47(2):520-548.
[55]D.J.C.Mackay,R.M.Neal.Near Shannon limit performance of Low-density parity-check codes.Electronics Letters,1996,32(18):1645-1646.
[56]R.G.Gallager.Low-density Parity-check codes.Cambridge,Massachusetts:M.I.T.Press,1963.
[57]彭林等,第三代移动通信技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[58]Weinstein P M and Ebert S B.Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform.IEEE Communication Maganize.1971,19:628-634.
[59]Peled A and Ruiz A.Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithms.Proc.IEEE int.Conf.Acoust.,Speech,Single Processing,1980,1:964-967.
[60]C.S.Park and K.B.Lee.Transmit power allocation for BER performance improvement in multicarrier systems.PIMRC 2002.
[61]霍永青,彭启琮,邵怀宗.多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法研究.计算机科学与工程,2007,29(3):57-57.
[62]蔡涛,李旭,杜振民译,Theodore S.Rappaport著.无线通信原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[63]A.Van Zelst,T.C.W.Schenk.Implementation of a MIMO OFDM-based wireless LAN syatem.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2004,52(2):483-494.
[64]V.Tarokh,N.Seshadri,and A.R.Calderbank.Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication:Performance criterion and code construction.IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,1998,44:744-765.
[65]V.Tarokh,H.Jafarkhani and A.R.Calderbank.Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs.IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,1999,45:1456-1467.
[66]Jafar S.A.;Goldsmith A.Transmitter optimization and optimality of beamforming for multiple antenna systems.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2004,3:1165-1175.
[67]G.J.Foschini.Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multielement antennas.Bell Labs Tech.J.,1996,41-59.
[68]G.J.Foschini,G.D.Golden,P.W.Wolniansky,and R.A.Valenzuela.Simplified processing for wireless communication at high spectral efficiency.IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.——Wireless Commun.Series,1999,17:1841-1852.
[69]J.Ha et al.LDPC-coded OFDM with alamouti/SVD diversity technique.Wireless Pers. Commun.,2002,23(1):153-194.
[70]L.Zheng and D.Tse.Diversity and Multiplexing:A fundamental tradeoff in multiple antenna channels.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2002,48(2):359-383.
[71]L.Hanzo.OFDM and MC-CDMA for broadband Multi-user communications.WLANS and broadcasting,England:John Wiley & Sons,2003,485-614.
[72]王文博,郑侃.宽带无线通信OFDM技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[73]G.L.Stuber,J.R.Barry.Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications.Proceedings of the IEEE,Feb.2004,92(2):689-696.
[74]邵怀宗,彭启琮,李玉柏.一种空时块编码OFDM系统中的自适应均衡算法.《电子与信息学报》,2004,26(2):284-290.
[75]Steven D.Blostein.Multiple antenna systems:their role and impact in future wireless access.IEEE Communication Magazine,July 2003.
[76]J.G.Proakis.Digital Communications.New York:McGraw-Hill,1995.
[77]Hao Xu,Howard Huang and R.Valenzuela.A Generalized Space-Time Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) channel model.IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications,2004,3(3):966-975.
[78]Ye Li,Jack H.Winters and Nelson R.Sollenberger.MIMO-OFDM for wireless communications:signal detection with enhanced channel estimation.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2002,50(9):1471-1477.
[79]Gordon L.Strber,John R,Barry,Steve W.Mclaughlin et al.Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications.Proceedings of the IEEE,2004,92(2):271-294.
[80]Insoo Sohn.Space frequency block coded turbo-BLAST detection for MIMO-OFDM systems.Electronics Letters,2003,39(21):1557-1558.
[81]J.G.Proakis.Digital Communications.New York:McGraw-Hill,1995.
[82]M.K.Simon,S.M.Hinedi and W.C.Lindsey.Digital Communication Techniques.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1995.
[83]Andrea Goldsmith.Adaptive modulation and coding for fading channels.IEEE,Kruger National Park,South Africa,1999,24-26.
[84]Cenk Kose and D.L.Goeckel.On power adaptation in adaptive signaling systems.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2000,48(11):1769-1773.
[85]A.J.Goldsmith and Soon-Ghee Chua.Adaptive coded modulation for fading channels.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1998,46(5):595-602.
[86]A.J.Goldsmith and Soon-Ghee Chua.Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1997,45(10):1218-1230.
[87]Fei Tang,Luc Deneire,Marc Engels and Marc Moonen.A general optimal switching scheme for link adaptation.IEEE VTS 54~(th),2001,3:1598-1602.
[88]Curt Schurgers and Mani B.Srivastava.Energy efficient wireless scheduling:adaptive loading in time.IEEE WCNC2002,2002,2:706-711.
[89]S.Vishwanath,S.A.Jafar and A.Goldsmith.Adaptive resource allocation in composite fading environments.IEEE GLOBECOM'01,2001,2:1312-1316.
[90]Mohamed-Slim Alouini,Xiaoyi Tang and A.J.Goldsmith.An adaptive modulation scheme for simultaneous voice and data transmission over fading channels.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1999,17(5):837-850.
[91]Lifang Li and A.J.Goldsmith.Capacity and optimal resource allocation for fading broadcast channels-part Ⅰ:ergodic capacity.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2001,47(3):1083-1102.
[92]M.K.Wasantha and W.A.C.Fernando.QAM Based adaptive modulation for OFDM-CDMA wireless networks.The 5~(th) International Symposium on wireless Personal Multimedia Communications,2002,2:715-719.
[93]A.D.Valkanas,P.I.Dallas,G.J.Karaehalios and A.D.Poularikas.Adaptivity on an OFDM fixed wireless access system.Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory,2002,458-462.
[94]K.Hamaguchi and E.Moriyama.Multicarrier/QAM-level-controlled adaptive modulation for land mobile communication systems.The 8~(th) IEEE International Symposium on PIMRC'97,1997,3:1105-1109.
[95]S.T.Chung and A.Goldsmith.Adaptive multicarder modulation for wireless systems.the Thirty Fourth Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers,2000,2:1603-1607.
[96]邵怀宗,彭启琮,李玉柏.在OFDM系统中用循环前缀对时变信色散道进行估计.《电波科学学报》,2002,17(5):529-533.
[97]邵怀宗,彭启琮,李玉柏.在OFDM系统中用导频符号进行信道估计的新方法.《电波科学学报》,2002,17(6):628-632.
[98]Syed Ali Jafar and Andrea Goldsmith.On optimality of beamforming for multiple antenna systems with imperfect feedback.ISIT2001,Washington,DC,2001:321-321.
[99]钟俊,彭启琮,陈跃斌.有限比率反馈对OFDM系统性能的影响.《电波科学学报》,2006, 21(2):275-279.
[100]钟俊,彭启琮.信道参数对多天线OFDM系统的性能影响.《系统工程与电子技术》,2005,27(9):1545-1548.
[101]A.Leke and J.M.Cioffi.Multicarrier systems with imperfect channel knowledge.The Ninth IEEE International Symposium on PIMRC,1998,2:549-553.
[102]M.R.Souryal and R.L.Pickholtz.Adaptive modulation with imperfect channel information in OFDM.ICC 2001,2001,6:1861-1865.
[103]A.Leke and J.M.Cioffi.Impact of imperfect channel knowledge on the performance of multicarrier systems.GLOBECOM'98,1998,2:951-955.
[104]Qiang Su,L.J.Cimini,Jr and R.S.Blum.On the problem of channel mismatch in constrant-bit-rate adaptive modulation for OFDM.IEEE 55~(th) VTC Spring 2002,2002,2:585-589.
[105]Sigen Ye,R.S.Blum and L.J.Cimini,Jr.Adaptive modulation for variable-rate OFDM systems with imperfect channel information.IEEE 55~(th) VTC Spring 2002,2002,2:767-771.
[106]Qiang Su and Stuart Schwartz.Effects of imperfect channel information on adaptive loading gain of OFDM.IEEE VTS 54~(th) VTC2001,2001,1:475-478.
[107]钟俊,彭启琮.多天线OFDM系统的线性优化.《系统工程与电子技术》,2005,27(4):641-643.
[108]Aradhana Narula,Michael J.Lopez,Mitchell D.Trott et al.Efficient use of side information in multiple-antenna data transmission over fading channels.IEEE Journal on selected areas in Communications,1998,16(8):1423-1436.
[109]Eugene Visotsky and Upamanyu Madhow.Space-Time transmit precoding with imperfect feedback.IEEE Transactions on information theory,2001,47(6):2632-2639.
[110]W.C.Jakes.Microwave mobile communications.New York:IEEE Press,1994.
[111]D.J.C.Mackay,S.T.Wilson and M.C.Davey.Comparison of constructions of irregular gallar codes.Communications,IEEE Transactions on,1999,47(10):1449-1454.
[112]R.M.Tanner.A recursive approach to low complexity codes.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1981,27:533-547.
[113]D.J.C.Mackay.Good error-correcting codes based on very sparse matrices.IEEE Trans.Info.Theory,1999,IT-45:399-431.
[114]M.G..Luby,M.Mitzenmacher,M.A.Shokrollah and D.A.Spielman.Improved low-density parity-check codes using irregular graphs,Information Theory.IEEE Transactions on,2001, 47(2):585-598.
[115]T.J.Richardson,M.A.Shokrollahi and R.L.Urbanke.Design of capacity-approaching irregulaer low-density parity-check codes.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2001,IT 47:619-637.
[116]T.J.Richardson and R.L.Urbanke.Efficient encoding of low-density parity-check codes.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2001,IT_47:638-656.
[117]N.Wiberg,H.A.Loeliger and R.Kotter.Codes and iterative decoding on general graphs.Euro.Transactions.Telecomm.,1995,6:513-525.
[118]Sae-Young Chung,G David Fomey Jr.,Thomas J.Richardson and Rudiger Urbanke.On the design of low-density parity-check codes within 0.0045 dB of the Shannon limit.IEEE Communications Letters,2001,5(2):58-60.
[119]R"udiger Urbanke.Modern coding theory.EPFL DSC-LTHC,June,2001.
[120]Heung-no Lee.LDPC Coded Modulation MIMO OFDM Transciever:Performance Comparison with MAP Equalization.The 57~(th) IEEE Semiannual on VTC 2003-Spring,2003,2:1178-1182.
[121]Conghong Ru,Liuguo Yin and Jianhua Lu.An LDPC coded MIMO-OFDM system with simple detection and channel estimation scheme.IEEE 6~(th) CAS Symp.On Emerging Technologies:Mobile and Wireless Comm.Shanghai,China,May 31-June 2,2004.
[122]Ben Lu,Guosen Yue and Xiaodong Wang.Performance Analysis and Design Optimization of LDPC Coded MIMO OFDM Systems.GLOBECOM'03,2003,3:1316-1320.
[123]Hisashi Futaki and Tomoaki Ohtsuki.Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC) coded OFDM systems with M-PSK.IEEE 55~(th) VTC Spring 2002,2002,2:1035-1039.
[124]Zhang.Z,Qi.B,Zhang.P.Low-density parity-check codes and high spectral efficiency modulations.IEEE PIMRC',Beijing,2003,1:444-448.
[125]Masoud Ardakani,Tooraj Esmailian and Frank R.Kschischang.Near-Capacity coding in multicarrier modulation systems.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2004,52(11):1880-1889.
[126]Huo Yongqing,Peng Qicong and Shao Huaizong."Image transmission with OFDM over Rayleigh fading channel." International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing.Chongqing China,2006,892-897.
[127]Jie Yang,Moon Ho Lee,MingQi Jiang and Ju Yong Park.Robust wireless image transmission based on Turbo-coded OFDM.IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics, 2002,48(3):724-731.
[128]Jie Song and K.J.Ray Liu.Robust progressive image transmission over OFDM systems using Space-Time block code.IEEE Transactionson Multimedia,2002,4(3):394-406.
[129]Huo Yongqing,Peng Qicong and Shao Huaizong."The application of high-rate LDPC codes in image transmission over wireless channel." International Conference on Communications,Circuits and Systems 2006,Chengdu China,2006,62-65.
[130]Huo Yongqing,Peng Qicong and Shao Huaizong."Image transmission with high-rate LDPC codes in multicarrier systems." The 6th International Conference on ITST,Chengdu China,2006,496-499.
[131]Piming Ma and Dongfeng Yuan.Irregular LDPC coded BICM in image transmission over Rayleigh fading channel.CCNC,2005 Second IEEE,2005:397-401.
[132]Piming Ma,Dongfeng Yuan,Xiumei Yang et al.High-rate LDPC codes in image transmission over Rayleigh fading channel.CCNC 2004.First IEEE,2004:357-360.
[2] Jun-Zhao Sun, Sauvola, J., Howie D. Features in future 4G visions from a technical perspective. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2001, 6: 3533-3537.
[3] An Young Kim, Eun Cheol Kim. Key concept of radio access for the 4G mobile communication systems. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 2004,1: 245-248.
[4] Zahariadis T. Trends in the path to 4G Communications Engineer, 2003, 1:12-15.
[5] ETSI EN 302 307 VI. 1.1 (2004-06), European Standard (Telecommunications series), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications.
[6] The International Forum on Future Mobile Telecommunications & China-EU Post Conference on Beyond 3G, The High Technology Research and Development Center (HTRDC)of Most Future Coordination Committee of 863 Program (FuTURE), Conference proceedings, Nov.20-22,2002,Beijing, China.
[7] http://ieee802.org/16
[8] J. F. Hayes. Adaptive feedback communications. IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 1968, 16: 29-34.
[9] T.M.Cover and J.A.Thomas. Elements of information theory. Wiley, New York, NY, 1991.
[10] I.E.Telatar, Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels, AT&T Bell Lab Internal Tech. Memo., June 1995.
[11] D.Hughes-Hartogs.Ensemble Modem structure for imperfect transmission media. U.S.Patents 4679227(July1987), 4731816 (March1988), and4883706 (Mayl989).
[12] R F H. Fischer, J. B. Huber. A new algorithm for discrete multitone transmission. In Proc. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., London, U.K., 1996, 724-728.
[13] P. S. Chow, J. M. Cioffi and J. A. C. Bingham. A practical discrete multitone transceiver loading algorithm for data transmission over spectrally shaped channels.IEEE Trans.Commun.,1995,43(2):773-775.
[14]A.M.Wyglinski.,F.Labeau and P.Kabal.Bit loading with BER-constraint for multicarrier Systems.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,4(4):1383-1387,2005.
[15]B.Krongold,K.Ramchandran and D.Jones.Computationally efficient optimal power allocation algorithms for multicarrier communication systems.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2000,48(1):23-27.
[16]A.Leke and J.M.Cioffi.A maximum rate loading algorithm for discrete multitone modulation systems.in Proc.IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf.,Phoenix,AZ.,1997,1514-1518.
[17]J.Campello.Practical bit loading for DMT.In Proc.IEEE Int.Conf.Communications,Vancouver,Canada.,1999,801-905.
[18]A.M.Wyglinski,P.Kabal and F.Labeau.Adaptive bit and power allocation for indoor wireless multicarrier systems.in Proc.15th Int.Conf.Wireless Communications,Calgary,AB,Canada.,2003,500-508.
[19]Li Zhen,Wang Weihua,Zhou Wenan and Song Junde.A simple bit and power allocation algorithm for OFDM systems.Proceeding of ICCT2003,2003,2.1169-1172.
[20]A.P.Iserte,M.A.L.Hernandez and A.I.Perez-Neira.Robust power allocation for minimum BERin a SISO-OFDM system.ICC'03,2003,2:1263-1267.
[21]Li Zhen,Wang Weihua,Zhou Wenan and Song Junde.A modified sub-optimal adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm in wideband OFDM system.IEEE CCECE 2003,Canadian,2003,3:1589-1592.
[22]B.Krongold,K.Ramchandran and D.Jones.An efficient algorithm for optimal margin maximization in multicarrier communication systems.GLOBECOM'99,1B:899-903,1999.
[23]C.Schurgers and M.B.Srivastava.Energy efficient wireless scheduling:adaptive loading in time.IEEE WCNC2002,2002,2:17-21.
[24]J.Campello.Optimal discrete bit loading for multicarrier modulation systems.ISIT 1998.Cambridge,MA,USA,August,1998,16-21.
[25]M.K.Wasantha and W.A.C.Fernando.QAM based adaptive modulation for OFDM-CDMA wireless networks.The 5~(th) International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications,Oct.2002,2:715-719.
[26]P.Bansal,A.Brzezinski.Adaptive loading in MIMO/OFDM systems.www.mit.edu/～brzezin/359/359.pdf,2003.
[27]Y.J.Zhang and K.B.Letaief.An efficient resource-allocation scheme for spatial multiuser access in MIMO/OFDM systems.IEEE Trans.Commun.,2005,53(1):107-116.
[28]C.Y.Wong,C.Y.Tsui,R.S.Cheng and K.B.Letaief.A real-time subcarrier allocation scheme for multiple access downlink OFDM transmission.In Proc.VTC'99,1999,2:1124-1128.
[29]Zhenping Hu,Guangxi Zhu,Yuan Xia and Gan Liu.Multiuser subcarrier and bit allocation for MIMO-OFDM systems with perfect and partial channel information.In Proc.WCNC'2004,2004,2:1188-1193.
[30]D.Kivanc,Guoqing Li and Hui Liu.Computationally efficient bandwidth allocation and power control for OFDMA.IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,2003,2(6):1150-1158.
[31]C.Y.Wong,R.S.Cheng,K.B.Letaief and R.D.Murch.Multiuser OFMD with adaptive subcarder,bit and power allocation.IEEE J.Sel.Commun.,1999,17(18):1747-1757.
[32]D.Kivanc and Hui Liu.Subcarrier allocation and power control for OFDMA.In Proc.ACSSC'00,29 Oct.- 1 Nov.2000,1:147-151.
[33]Ka-Wai Ng,R.S.Cheng and R.D.Murch.Interative bit & power allocation for V-BLAST based OFDM MIMO system in frequency selective fading channel.In Proc.WCNC'2002,Mar.2002,1:271-275,17-21.
[34]Koochul Jung,Chang Soon Park and Kwang Bok Lee.Bit and power allocation for MIMO-OFDM systems with spatial mode selection over frequency-space time-selective channels.In Proc.VTC'2004-Fall,Sept.2004,5:3404-3408,26-29.
[35]Chengkang Pan,Yueming Cai and Youyun Xu.Adaptive subcarrier and power allocation for multiuser MIMO-OFDM transmission.In Proc.VTC'2004-Spriing,May 2004,2:79-83.
[36]Zhengping Hu,Guangxi Zhu,Yuan Xia and Gan Liu.Adaptive subcarfier and bit allocation for multiuser MIMO-OFDM transmission.In Proc.ISCIT'2005,2005,1:561-564.
[37]Long Gao,Zhengdong,Luo,Bihua Tang,Yuanan Liu and Jinchun Gao.A low-complexity adaptive bit and power allocation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems.In Proc.ISCIT'2005,2005,1:561-564.
[38]Zukang Shen,J.G.Andrews and B.L.Evans.Optimal power allocation in multiuser OFDM systems.In Proc.Globecom'2003,2003,1:337-341.
[39]C.Mohanram and S.Bhasyam.A sub-optimal joint subcarder and power allocation algorithm for multiuser OFDM.IEEE Commun.Letters,2005,9(8):685-687.
[40]Chiung-Jang Chen and Li-Chun Wang.Coverage and capacity enhancement in multiuser MIMO systems with scheduling.In Proc.Globecom'2004,2004,1:101-105.
[41]P.W.C.Chen and R.S.K.Cheng.Reduced-complexity power allocation in zeroforcing MIMO-OFDM downlink system with multiuser diversity.In Proc.ISIT'2005,4-9 Sept.2005,2320-2324.
[42]Jia Tang and Xi Zhang.Link-adaptation-enhanced dynamic channel allocation for MIMO-OFDM wireless networks.In Proc.WCNC'2005,13-17 Mar.2005,2:1126-1131.
[43]Jie Kong,Zhensu Lu and Haiyan Li.A power and bit allocation algorithm of Changeable BER for MIMO OFDM system.In Proc.ISPACS'2005,13-16 Dec.2005,117-120.
[44]Hui Shi,T.Abe and H.Suda.An iterative transmission power allocation scheme for MIMO-OFDM systems.In Proc.VTC'2004-Fall,26-29 Sept.2004,7:4828-4832.
[45]C.E.Shannon.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Tech.J.,1948,27:379-423.
[46]R.W.Hamming.Error detecting and error correcting codes.Bell System Tech.J.,1950,29:147-160.
[47]Paul C.Hershey,Nthony Ephremides and Ramk.Khatria.Performance of RS-BCH concatenated codes and BCH single-stage codes on an interference satellite channel.IEEE Transactions on Communications.,1987,Com-35(5):550-556.
[48]J.Viterbi.Error bounds of convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm.IEEE Transaction.On Information.Theory,1967,13:260-269.
[49]G.Ungerboeck.Channel coding with multilevel/phase signaling.IEEE Transaction.On Information.Theory,1982,25(1):55-67.
[50]IEEE Standand 802.11a-1999,Part Ⅱ:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band.
[51]N.Wiberg,H.A.Loeliger and R.Kotter.Codes and iterative decoding on general graphs.Euro.Transactions.Telecomm.,1995,6:513-525.
[52]N.Wiberg.Codes and decoding on general graphs.PH.D Thesis,linkoping University,S-518 83 Linkoping Sweden,1996.
[53]F.R.Kschischang,B.J.Frey and H.Loeliger.Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm.IEEE Transactions.Information Theory,2001,IT-47:498-519.
[54]G..D.Forney.Jr.Codes on graphs:Normal realizations.IEEE Transactions.Information Theory,2001,47(2):520-548.
[55]D.J.C.Mackay,R.M.Neal.Near Shannon limit performance of Low-density parity-check codes.Electronics Letters,1996,32(18):1645-1646.
[56]R.G.Gallager.Low-density Parity-check codes.Cambridge,Massachusetts:M.I.T.Press,1963.
[57]彭林等,第三代移动通信技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[58]Weinstein P M and Ebert S B.Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform.IEEE Communication Maganize.1971,19:628-634.
[59]Peled A and Ruiz A.Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithms.Proc.IEEE int.Conf.Acoust.,Speech,Single Processing,1980,1:964-967.
[60]C.S.Park and K.B.Lee.Transmit power allocation for BER performance improvement in multicarrier systems.PIMRC 2002.
[61]霍永青,彭启琮,邵怀宗.多载波系统中的自适应比特功率分配算法研究.计算机科学与工程,2007,29(3):57-57.
[62]蔡涛,李旭,杜振民译,Theodore S.Rappaport著.无线通信原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[63]A.Van Zelst,T.C.W.Schenk.Implementation of a MIMO OFDM-based wireless LAN syatem.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2004,52(2):483-494.
[64]V.Tarokh,N.Seshadri,and A.R.Calderbank.Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication:Performance criterion and code construction.IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,1998,44:744-765.
[65]V.Tarokh,H.Jafarkhani and A.R.Calderbank.Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs.IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,1999,45:1456-1467.
[66]Jafar S.A.;Goldsmith A.Transmitter optimization and optimality of beamforming for multiple antenna systems.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2004,3:1165-1175.
[67]G.J.Foschini.Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multielement antennas.Bell Labs Tech.J.,1996,41-59.
[68]G.J.Foschini,G.D.Golden,P.W.Wolniansky,and R.A.Valenzuela.Simplified processing for wireless communication at high spectral efficiency.IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.——Wireless Commun.Series,1999,17:1841-1852.
[69]J.Ha et al.LDPC-coded OFDM with alamouti/SVD diversity technique.Wireless Pers. Commun.,2002,23(1):153-194.
[70]L.Zheng and D.Tse.Diversity and Multiplexing:A fundamental tradeoff in multiple antenna channels.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2002,48(2):359-383.
[71]L.Hanzo.OFDM and MC-CDMA for broadband Multi-user communications.WLANS and broadcasting,England:John Wiley & Sons,2003,485-614.
[72]王文博,郑侃.宽带无线通信OFDM技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[73]G.L.Stuber,J.R.Barry.Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications.Proceedings of the IEEE,Feb.2004,92(2):689-696.
[74]邵怀宗,彭启琮,李玉柏.一种空时块编码OFDM系统中的自适应均衡算法.《电子与信息学报》,2004,26(2):284-290.
[75]Steven D.Blostein.Multiple antenna systems:their role and impact in future wireless access.IEEE Communication Magazine,July 2003.
[76]J.G.Proakis.Digital Communications.New York:McGraw-Hill,1995.
[77]Hao Xu,Howard Huang and R.Valenzuela.A Generalized Space-Time Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) channel model.IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications,2004,3(3):966-975.
[78]Ye Li,Jack H.Winters and Nelson R.Sollenberger.MIMO-OFDM for wireless communications:signal detection with enhanced channel estimation.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2002,50(9):1471-1477.
[79]Gordon L.Strber,John R,Barry,Steve W.Mclaughlin et al.Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications.Proceedings of the IEEE,2004,92(2):271-294.
[80]Insoo Sohn.Space frequency block coded turbo-BLAST detection for MIMO-OFDM systems.Electronics Letters,2003,39(21):1557-1558.
[81]J.G.Proakis.Digital Communications.New York:McGraw-Hill,1995.
[82]M.K.Simon,S.M.Hinedi and W.C.Lindsey.Digital Communication Techniques.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1995.
[83]Andrea Goldsmith.Adaptive modulation and coding for fading channels.IEEE,Kruger National Park,South Africa,1999,24-26.
[84]Cenk Kose and D.L.Goeckel.On power adaptation in adaptive signaling systems.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2000,48(11):1769-1773.
[85]A.J.Goldsmith and Soon-Ghee Chua.Adaptive coded modulation for fading channels.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1998,46(5):595-602.
[86]A.J.Goldsmith and Soon-Ghee Chua.Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1997,45(10):1218-1230.
[87]Fei Tang,Luc Deneire,Marc Engels and Marc Moonen.A general optimal switching scheme for link adaptation.IEEE VTS 54~(th),2001,3:1598-1602.
[88]Curt Schurgers and Mani B.Srivastava.Energy efficient wireless scheduling:adaptive loading in time.IEEE WCNC2002,2002,2:706-711.
[89]S.Vishwanath,S.A.Jafar and A.Goldsmith.Adaptive resource allocation in composite fading environments.IEEE GLOBECOM'01,2001,2:1312-1316.
[90]Mohamed-Slim Alouini,Xiaoyi Tang and A.J.Goldsmith.An adaptive modulation scheme for simultaneous voice and data transmission over fading channels.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1999,17(5):837-850.
[91]Lifang Li and A.J.Goldsmith.Capacity and optimal resource allocation for fading broadcast channels-part Ⅰ:ergodic capacity.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2001,47(3):1083-1102.
[92]M.K.Wasantha and W.A.C.Fernando.QAM Based adaptive modulation for OFDM-CDMA wireless networks.The 5~(th) International Symposium on wireless Personal Multimedia Communications,2002,2:715-719.
[93]A.D.Valkanas,P.I.Dallas,G.J.Karaehalios and A.D.Poularikas.Adaptivity on an OFDM fixed wireless access system.Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory,2002,458-462.
[94]K.Hamaguchi and E.Moriyama.Multicarrier/QAM-level-controlled adaptive modulation for land mobile communication systems.The 8~(th) IEEE International Symposium on PIMRC'97,1997,3:1105-1109.
[95]S.T.Chung and A.Goldsmith.Adaptive multicarder modulation for wireless systems.the Thirty Fourth Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers,2000,2:1603-1607.
[96]邵怀宗,彭启琮,李玉柏.在OFDM系统中用循环前缀对时变信色散道进行估计.《电波科学学报》,2002,17(5):529-533.
[97]邵怀宗,彭启琮,李玉柏.在OFDM系统中用导频符号进行信道估计的新方法.《电波科学学报》,2002,17(6):628-632.
[98]Syed Ali Jafar and Andrea Goldsmith.On optimality of beamforming for multiple antenna systems with imperfect feedback.ISIT2001,Washington,DC,2001:321-321.
[99]钟俊,彭启琮,陈跃斌.有限比率反馈对OFDM系统性能的影响.《电波科学学报》,2006, 21(2):275-279.
[100]钟俊,彭启琮.信道参数对多天线OFDM系统的性能影响.《系统工程与电子技术》,2005,27(9):1545-1548.
[101]A.Leke and J.M.Cioffi.Multicarrier systems with imperfect channel knowledge.The Ninth IEEE International Symposium on PIMRC,1998,2:549-553.
[102]M.R.Souryal and R.L.Pickholtz.Adaptive modulation with imperfect channel information in OFDM.ICC 2001,2001,6:1861-1865.
[103]A.Leke and J.M.Cioffi.Impact of imperfect channel knowledge on the performance of multicarrier systems.GLOBECOM'98,1998,2:951-955.
[104]Qiang Su,L.J.Cimini,Jr and R.S.Blum.On the problem of channel mismatch in constrant-bit-rate adaptive modulation for OFDM.IEEE 55~(th) VTC Spring 2002,2002,2:585-589.
[105]Sigen Ye,R.S.Blum and L.J.Cimini,Jr.Adaptive modulation for variable-rate OFDM systems with imperfect channel information.IEEE 55~(th) VTC Spring 2002,2002,2:767-771.
[106]Qiang Su and Stuart Schwartz.Effects of imperfect channel information on adaptive loading gain of OFDM.IEEE VTS 54~(th) VTC2001,2001,1:475-478.
[107]钟俊,彭启琮.多天线OFDM系统的线性优化.《系统工程与电子技术》,2005,27(4):641-643.
[108]Aradhana Narula,Michael J.Lopez,Mitchell D.Trott et al.Efficient use of side information in multiple-antenna data transmission over fading channels.IEEE Journal on selected areas in Communications,1998,16(8):1423-1436.
[109]Eugene Visotsky and Upamanyu Madhow.Space-Time transmit precoding with imperfect feedback.IEEE Transactions on information theory,2001,47(6):2632-2639.
[110]W.C.Jakes.Microwave mobile communications.New York:IEEE Press,1994.
[111]D.J.C.Mackay,S.T.Wilson and M.C.Davey.Comparison of constructions of irregular gallar codes.Communications,IEEE Transactions on,1999,47(10):1449-1454.
[112]R.M.Tanner.A recursive approach to low complexity codes.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1981,27:533-547.
[113]D.J.C.Mackay.Good error-correcting codes based on very sparse matrices.IEEE Trans.Info.Theory,1999,IT-45:399-431.
[114]M.G..Luby,M.Mitzenmacher,M.A.Shokrollah and D.A.Spielman.Improved low-density parity-check codes using irregular graphs,Information Theory.IEEE Transactions on,2001, 47(2):585-598.
[115]T.J.Richardson,M.A.Shokrollahi and R.L.Urbanke.Design of capacity-approaching irregulaer low-density parity-check codes.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2001,IT 47:619-637.
[116]T.J.Richardson and R.L.Urbanke.Efficient encoding of low-density parity-check codes.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2001,IT_47:638-656.
[117]N.Wiberg,H.A.Loeliger and R.Kotter.Codes and iterative decoding on general graphs.Euro.Transactions.Telecomm.,1995,6:513-525.
[118]Sae-Young Chung,G David Fomey Jr.,Thomas J.Richardson and Rudiger Urbanke.On the design of low-density parity-check codes within 0.0045 dB of the Shannon limit.IEEE Communications Letters,2001,5(2):58-60.
[119]R"udiger Urbanke.Modern coding theory.EPFL DSC-LTHC,June,2001.
[120]Heung-no Lee.LDPC Coded Modulation MIMO OFDM Transciever:Performance Comparison with MAP Equalization.The 57~(th) IEEE Semiannual on VTC 2003-Spring,2003,2:1178-1182.
[121]Conghong Ru,Liuguo Yin and Jianhua Lu.An LDPC coded MIMO-OFDM system with simple detection and channel estimation scheme.IEEE 6~(th) CAS Symp.On Emerging Technologies:Mobile and Wireless Comm.Shanghai,China,May 31-June 2,2004.
[122]Ben Lu,Guosen Yue and Xiaodong Wang.Performance Analysis and Design Optimization of LDPC Coded MIMO OFDM Systems.GLOBECOM'03,2003,3:1316-1320.
[123]Hisashi Futaki and Tomoaki Ohtsuki.Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC) coded OFDM systems with M-PSK.IEEE 55~(th) VTC Spring 2002,2002,2:1035-1039.
[124]Zhang.Z,Qi.B,Zhang.P.Low-density parity-check codes and high spectral efficiency modulations.IEEE PIMRC',Beijing,2003,1:444-448.
[125]Masoud Ardakani,Tooraj Esmailian and Frank R.Kschischang.Near-Capacity coding in multicarrier modulation systems.IEEE Transactions on Communications,2004,52(11):1880-1889.
[126]Huo Yongqing,Peng Qicong and Shao Huaizong."Image transmission with OFDM over Rayleigh fading channel." International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing.Chongqing China,2006,892-897.
[127]Jie Yang,Moon Ho Lee,MingQi Jiang and Ju Yong Park.Robust wireless image transmission based on Turbo-coded OFDM.IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics, 2002,48(3):724-731.
[128]Jie Song and K.J.Ray Liu.Robust progressive image transmission over OFDM systems using Space-Time block code.IEEE Transactionson Multimedia,2002,4(3):394-406.
[129]Huo Yongqing,Peng Qicong and Shao Huaizong."The application of high-rate LDPC codes in image transmission over wireless channel." International Conference on Communications,Circuits and Systems 2006,Chengdu China,2006,62-65.
[130]Huo Yongqing,Peng Qicong and Shao Huaizong."Image transmission with high-rate LDPC codes in multicarrier systems." The 6th International Conference on ITST,Chengdu China,2006,496-499.
[131]Piming Ma and Dongfeng Yuan.Irregular LDPC coded BICM in image transmission over Rayleigh fading channel.CCNC,2005 Second IEEE,2005:397-401.
[132]Piming Ma,Dongfeng Yuan,Xiumei Yang et al.High-rate LDPC codes in image transmission over Rayleigh fading channel.CCNC 2004.First IEEE,2004:357-360.