W衰变到激发态重味介子的研究
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摘要
对双重味夸克偶素态的产生和衰变的研究对精确检验标准模型,寻找新物理的迹象起着非常重要的作用。在研究重味夸克偶素态的产生和衰变的过程中,人们从微扰量子色动力学(pQCD)理论出发,逐渐发展和完善了非相对论量子色动力学(NRQCD),该理论将重味夸克偶素态的产生截面和衰变宽度因子化为一系列短距离系数和长程作用的非微扰矩阵元之积,其中短距离系数是微扰可算的,可通过pQCD理论计算获得；而非微扰矩阵元可通过格点(lattice)规范理论、势模型或实验来获得。本文利用非相对论量子色动力学(NRQCD)因子化理论详细研究了W衰变到重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的S波态和P波态及其高激发态的衰变宽度,并结合LHC实验条件预言了通过W+衰变产生重味夸克偶素态的事例数。
论文先讨论了W+衰变到两体的简单物理过程,分别计算了W+的纯轻子衰变过程：W+→l-+v1(三个)；W+衰变到两个部分子(两夸克)的全举过程：W+→q+q(六个)；W+衰变到两个双重味夸克偶素态的遍举过程：W+(QQ)+(Q1Q1)(四个),分别给出了上述过程的衰变宽度,并得到了与实验数据一致的理论结果。
其次,论文重点研究了W衰变到双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的半遍举过程,它包括了产生S波态和P波态的双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的一系列性质。在微扰QCD和NRQCD框架下,对W+衰变到双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的一到三体过程,为了得到解析的结果,我们采用了改进的振幅处理技术,既在振幅阶段直接求迹方法,分别求出了W+衰变到S波态和P波态的双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的衰变宽度,并给出了其微分衰变宽度随不变质量s1和s2的分布情况,以及微分衰变宽度随出射粒子动量方向夹角的余弦cosθ13和cosθ23的分布情况。接着,分析了其衰变宽度及其微分衰变宽度随夸克质量不确定性引起的不确定度。最后,给出在LHC实验条件下通过W+衰变产生双重味夸克偶素态S波态和P波态的事例数目。
论文还系统研究了W+衰变到高激发态的S波态和P波态的重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb),给出了各双重味夸克偶素态的高激发态的衰变宽度,同样讨论了其微分衰变宽度随s1、s2、cosθ13、cosθ23的分布,并给出各高激发态微分截面与其相应基态的比随s1、s2的分布。紧接着讨论了在不同势模型下通过W+衰变产生重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的各态及其高激发态的衰变宽度。这些结果对将来的实验具有一定的指导意义,特别是为实验上精确研究W物理和粲偶素(cc)及B物理(cb)提供重要的参考数据。同时，为将来由实验来确定哪种势模型能较好描述重夸克偶素态内部的强相互作用性质，以及为NRQCD理论的改进和发展提供参考。
Research on the production and decay of double heavy flavor quarkonium is not only a precise test for Standard Model, but also plays an important role for seeking for the New Physics. In the course of studying the heavy-quarkonium, we start from the perturbative quantum chromodynamics(pQCD), then develop and perfect the non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics(NRQCD), which factorizes the cross section or decay width of heavy-quarkonium as the product of a series of short-distance coefficents and long-distance ones. The former short-distance quantities can be calculated perturbatively by using pQCD, while the latter long-distance ones can be obtained via lattice gauge theory, potential model or experiments. In our paper, within the NRQCD factorization approach we have studied the processes of W+boson decays to the double heavy flavor quarkonium (cc),(cb} and (bb) both in detail and systematically, not only the S-Wave and P-Wave of those, but also the higher excited states.
Firstly, we present the discussion of the processes of W+boson decays to two final states, i.e. three leptonic decays W+→l+vt, six inclusive decays W+→q+q and four heavy-quarkonium decays W+→(QQ)+(Q1Q1).We find out that our estimates are quite consistent with the experiments.
Then we concentrate on the inclusive decays of Ⅳ boson decays to the double heavy flavor quarkonium, i.e.(cc),(cb} and (bb),both S-Wave and P-Wave of those quarkonium are included. Under the perturbative QCD and non-relativistic QCD frame, in order to get the analytical expression of the three final states decay processes, the improved trace technology, or trace technology at the amplitude level is adopted. We have obtained the decay widths of the semi-leptonic decay processes of PV boson decays to S-Wave and P-Wave double heavy flavor quarkonium i.e.(cc),(cb} and (bb), and the differential distributions of the decay widths for the invariable masses s1,s2, and for the outgoing particles included angles cosθ13and cosθ23, for the relevant four channels. Moreover, the uncertainties of the width and differential width for the quark masses are presented. What's more, we also calculate the events of those double heavy flavor quarkonium under the LHC experiments conditions which may be useful for experimental physicists.
At last, we carry a research on the higher excited S-Wave and P-Wave states of those heavy-quarjonium (cc),(cb} and (bb). In the same way, we also give a presentation of decay widths, differential distributions for s1,s2, cosθ13and cosθ23. In addition, a ratio of higher states decay width to ground states'is presented. Besides, we have carried out a discussion on the decay widths of W+boson decays to the ground and excited states in different potential models. These results are helpful and meaningful to the experiments in future, especially for the study of W physics, charmonium and B physics. Meanwhile, those results can be a sound reference to decide which potential model which describes the interaction between quarks in the heavy-quarkonium is better, or guidance for the theory development.
论文先讨论了W+衰变到两体的简单物理过程,分别计算了W+的纯轻子衰变过程：W+→l-+v1(三个)；W+衰变到两个部分子(两夸克)的全举过程：W+→q+q(六个)；W+衰变到两个双重味夸克偶素态的遍举过程：W+(QQ)+(Q1Q1)(四个),分别给出了上述过程的衰变宽度,并得到了与实验数据一致的理论结果。
其次,论文重点研究了W衰变到双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的半遍举过程,它包括了产生S波态和P波态的双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的一系列性质。在微扰QCD和NRQCD框架下,对W+衰变到双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的一到三体过程,为了得到解析的结果,我们采用了改进的振幅处理技术,既在振幅阶段直接求迹方法,分别求出了W+衰变到S波态和P波态的双重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的衰变宽度,并给出了其微分衰变宽度随不变质量s1和s2的分布情况,以及微分衰变宽度随出射粒子动量方向夹角的余弦cosθ13和cosθ23的分布情况。接着,分析了其衰变宽度及其微分衰变宽度随夸克质量不确定性引起的不确定度。最后,给出在LHC实验条件下通过W+衰变产生双重味夸克偶素态S波态和P波态的事例数目。
论文还系统研究了W+衰变到高激发态的S波态和P波态的重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb),给出了各双重味夸克偶素态的高激发态的衰变宽度,同样讨论了其微分衰变宽度随s1、s2、cosθ13、cosθ23的分布,并给出各高激发态微分截面与其相应基态的比随s1、s2的分布。紧接着讨论了在不同势模型下通过W+衰变产生重味夸克偶素态(cc).(cb).(bb)的各态及其高激发态的衰变宽度。这些结果对将来的实验具有一定的指导意义,特别是为实验上精确研究W物理和粲偶素(cc)及B物理(cb)提供重要的参考数据。同时，为将来由实验来确定哪种势模型能较好描述重夸克偶素态内部的强相互作用性质，以及为NRQCD理论的改进和发展提供参考。
Research on the production and decay of double heavy flavor quarkonium is not only a precise test for Standard Model, but also plays an important role for seeking for the New Physics. In the course of studying the heavy-quarkonium, we start from the perturbative quantum chromodynamics(pQCD), then develop and perfect the non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics(NRQCD), which factorizes the cross section or decay width of heavy-quarkonium as the product of a series of short-distance coefficents and long-distance ones. The former short-distance quantities can be calculated perturbatively by using pQCD, while the latter long-distance ones can be obtained via lattice gauge theory, potential model or experiments. In our paper, within the NRQCD factorization approach we have studied the processes of W+boson decays to the double heavy flavor quarkonium (cc),(cb} and (bb) both in detail and systematically, not only the S-Wave and P-Wave of those, but also the higher excited states.
Firstly, we present the discussion of the processes of W+boson decays to two final states, i.e. three leptonic decays W+→l+vt, six inclusive decays W+→q+q and four heavy-quarkonium decays W+→(QQ)+(Q1Q1).We find out that our estimates are quite consistent with the experiments.
Then we concentrate on the inclusive decays of Ⅳ boson decays to the double heavy flavor quarkonium, i.e.(cc),(cb} and (bb),both S-Wave and P-Wave of those quarkonium are included. Under the perturbative QCD and non-relativistic QCD frame, in order to get the analytical expression of the three final states decay processes, the improved trace technology, or trace technology at the amplitude level is adopted. We have obtained the decay widths of the semi-leptonic decay processes of PV boson decays to S-Wave and P-Wave double heavy flavor quarkonium i.e.(cc),(cb} and (bb), and the differential distributions of the decay widths for the invariable masses s1,s2, and for the outgoing particles included angles cosθ13and cosθ23, for the relevant four channels. Moreover, the uncertainties of the width and differential width for the quark masses are presented. What's more, we also calculate the events of those double heavy flavor quarkonium under the LHC experiments conditions which may be useful for experimental physicists.
At last, we carry a research on the higher excited S-Wave and P-Wave states of those heavy-quarjonium (cc),(cb} and (bb). In the same way, we also give a presentation of decay widths, differential distributions for s1,s2, cosθ13and cosθ23. In addition, a ratio of higher states decay width to ground states'is presented. Besides, we have carried out a discussion on the decay widths of W+boson decays to the ground and excited states in different potential models. These results are helpful and meaningful to the experiments in future, especially for the study of W physics, charmonium and B physics. Meanwhile, those results can be a sound reference to decide which potential model which describes the interaction between quarks in the heavy-quarkonium is better, or guidance for the theory development.
引文
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