重型铰接式自卸车平顺性分析
|
摘要
重型铰接式自卸汽车(Heavy Articulated Dump Truck,简称HADT)是适用于非公路土石方运输作业的车辆。它能在松软、坑洼、泥泞的地面上行驶,具有很好的动力性、机动性和广泛的道路适应性。随着我国经济的快速发展,HADT在矿产资源开发、水利水电、交通基础设施等大型工程建设的中得到广泛应用。这也促使国内企业开始研发这类车辆,如徐工集团、内蒙古北方重工业公司等几家企业开始引进或研发HADT。
重型车辆行驶平顺性的好坏不仅会影响驾驶员乘坐舒适性、疲劳程度和工作效能,还会影响车辆零部件的使用寿命。然而影响重型车辆平顺性的主要因素是车辆的悬架系统和驾驶室悬置系统。所以对其平顺性进行分析就需要对悬架系统和驾驶室悬置系统进行动力学计算。
根据多体系统动力学理论,先后建立了重型铰接式自卸车的二、四、六和十六自由度的动力学模型。依据拉格朗日方程列出了每个模型的运动微分方程,进行了模态分析,研究了系统的传递特性及系统参数对幅频特性的影响。文中给出了考虑车辆侧倾的悬架动挠度和车轮相对动载荷的频响函数,提出了一个新的系统参数,即左右悬架间距与轮距比,简称间距比。接着根据系统的幅频特性函数和不同等级路面的功率谱密度值计算出来该车辆不同车速不同路面上驾驶室座椅的加权加速度均方根值,评价了车辆的平顺性。
根据六自由度模型的评价结果,以驾驶室座椅处加速度均方根值为目标函数,对其平顺性进行了优化。优化的参数包括前悬架的刚度、阻尼及左右间距和驾驶室悬置的刚度、阻尼及左右间距。通过优化,提高了车辆行驶平顺性。最后还给出了改善车辆侧倾的措施。研究结果对重型车辆的平顺性改善具有理论指导作用。
Heavy articulated dump truck(referred as HADT) is the off-road heavy vehicle, which is suitable for the conditions of earthwork transportation. It can drive on soft, potholes, muddy ground and has good power performance, mobility and adaptability of a wide range of road. With our country's rapid economic development, HADT are widely used in the construction of mineral resources development, water utilities, transport infrastructure and other large projects. This also facilitates the development of domestic enterprises to research and develop such vehicles, such as the XCMG and Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group.
The ride comfort of heavy vehicle not only affect the driver's comfort, fatigue and work efficient, but also affect the life-span of vehicle parts. Suspension system and cab suspension system of heavy vehicle are the major factors in ride comfort. To analysis the ride comfort of HADT, we need the dynamic analysis and calculation for suspension systems and cab suspension system.
According to the multi-body system dynamics, the two-dof、four-dof、six-dof and sixteen-dof dynamic models of HADT are builded one after another. Based on the Lagrange equation,differential equations of motion of each model are listed out and modal analysis are made. Transfer characteristics of the system and the impact of system parameters on amplitude-frequency characteristic are respectively studied. The frequency response function of wheel relative dynamic load and suspension dynamic deflection are given,considering of vehicle rolling. A new system parameter is presented.That is the ratio of the distance between right and left cab suspensions to track width,spacing ratio for short.Then the weighted acceleration rms of cab chair are calculated in different speed and different pavement by means of amplitude-frequency functons and PSD of different rank roads.The ride comfort of HADT is evaluated by the total weighted acceleration rms of cab chair.
By evaluation result of six-dof model and taking the total weighted acceleration rms of cab chair as objective function, this paper carries out optimization for six-parameter including the stiffness、damping、spacing of front suspension and the stiffness、damping、spacing of cab suspension. The ride comfort of HADT is improved by optimization.Last,maesures of improving roll vibration are given. The research results provide theoretical guidance for improving the ride comfort of HADT.
重型车辆行驶平顺性的好坏不仅会影响驾驶员乘坐舒适性、疲劳程度和工作效能,还会影响车辆零部件的使用寿命。然而影响重型车辆平顺性的主要因素是车辆的悬架系统和驾驶室悬置系统。所以对其平顺性进行分析就需要对悬架系统和驾驶室悬置系统进行动力学计算。
根据多体系统动力学理论,先后建立了重型铰接式自卸车的二、四、六和十六自由度的动力学模型。依据拉格朗日方程列出了每个模型的运动微分方程,进行了模态分析,研究了系统的传递特性及系统参数对幅频特性的影响。文中给出了考虑车辆侧倾的悬架动挠度和车轮相对动载荷的频响函数,提出了一个新的系统参数,即左右悬架间距与轮距比,简称间距比。接着根据系统的幅频特性函数和不同等级路面的功率谱密度值计算出来该车辆不同车速不同路面上驾驶室座椅的加权加速度均方根值,评价了车辆的平顺性。
根据六自由度模型的评价结果,以驾驶室座椅处加速度均方根值为目标函数,对其平顺性进行了优化。优化的参数包括前悬架的刚度、阻尼及左右间距和驾驶室悬置的刚度、阻尼及左右间距。通过优化,提高了车辆行驶平顺性。最后还给出了改善车辆侧倾的措施。研究结果对重型车辆的平顺性改善具有理论指导作用。
Heavy articulated dump truck(referred as HADT) is the off-road heavy vehicle, which is suitable for the conditions of earthwork transportation. It can drive on soft, potholes, muddy ground and has good power performance, mobility and adaptability of a wide range of road. With our country's rapid economic development, HADT are widely used in the construction of mineral resources development, water utilities, transport infrastructure and other large projects. This also facilitates the development of domestic enterprises to research and develop such vehicles, such as the XCMG and Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group.
The ride comfort of heavy vehicle not only affect the driver's comfort, fatigue and work efficient, but also affect the life-span of vehicle parts. Suspension system and cab suspension system of heavy vehicle are the major factors in ride comfort. To analysis the ride comfort of HADT, we need the dynamic analysis and calculation for suspension systems and cab suspension system.
According to the multi-body system dynamics, the two-dof、four-dof、six-dof and sixteen-dof dynamic models of HADT are builded one after another. Based on the Lagrange equation,differential equations of motion of each model are listed out and modal analysis are made. Transfer characteristics of the system and the impact of system parameters on amplitude-frequency characteristic are respectively studied. The frequency response function of wheel relative dynamic load and suspension dynamic deflection are given,considering of vehicle rolling. A new system parameter is presented.That is the ratio of the distance between right and left cab suspensions to track width,spacing ratio for short.Then the weighted acceleration rms of cab chair are calculated in different speed and different pavement by means of amplitude-frequency functons and PSD of different rank roads.The ride comfort of HADT is evaluated by the total weighted acceleration rms of cab chair.
By evaluation result of six-dof model and taking the total weighted acceleration rms of cab chair as objective function, this paper carries out optimization for six-parameter including the stiffness、damping、spacing of front suspension and the stiffness、damping、spacing of cab suspension. The ride comfort of HADT is improved by optimization.Last,maesures of improving roll vibration are given. The research results provide theoretical guidance for improving the ride comfort of HADT.
引文
[1]葛恒安.国内外铰接式自卸车的发展概况[J].建筑机械,2003(4):7-9.
[2]吴融华.铰接式自卸汽车的结构与性能特点[J].商用汽车,2003(6):66.
[3]张建文,杨兴龙,林逸等.空气悬架大客车平顺性仿真研究[J] .公路交通科技,2003(12):6-10.
[4] Andersson Daniel,Eriksson Peter.Handling and ride comfort optimisation of an intercity bus[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2004,41(2):547-556.
[5] Watanabe Kotaro,Tamura Masashi,Yamaya Ken.Development of a new-type suspension spring for rally cars[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2001(1):132-134.
[6] Jiang Zhenyu,Streit Donald A.,El-Gindy Moustafa.Heavy vehicle ride comfort: Literature survey[J].Heavy Vehicle Systems,2001(3):258-284.
[7]邵磊,傅幸民,姚雪梅,徐刚.工程车辆ADAMS建模与平顺性仿真[J].中国工程机械学报,2005,3(2):144-148.
[8]杨勇,任卫群,陈立平.三轴拖车平顺性仿真分析[J].汽车工程,2007,29(2):165-169.
[9]王乾廷,周晓军.面向平顺性仿真的越野汽车动态模型[J].汽车工程,2006,28(3):292-295.
[10]吴志成,陈思忠,杨林,张斌.越野车辆平顺性评价方法研究[J].兵工学报,2007,28(11):1393-1396.
[11]高树新,汪立民,谢伯元.军用战术车辆平顺性评价方法及指标限值的研究[J].汽车技术,2008,7:27-30.
[12] Xu L.,Dai L.,Dong M..Influence of liquid slosh on ride quality of liquid cargo tank vehicles[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2004,228(7):675-684.
[13]翟世轩.全密封后压缩型垃圾车动力学仿真及结构优化[D].南京:东南大学,2008:18-53.
[14]常绿.矿用自卸汽车平顺性虚拟仿真技术及试验研究[J].金属矿山,2009,8:97-100.
[15] Sujatha C.,Goswami A.K., Roopchand J..Vibration and ride comfort studies on a tracked vehicle[J].Heavy Vehicle Systems,2002,9(3):241-252.
[16]王芬娥.小麦联合收割机跨区运输工况平顺性试验研究[J].农业现代化研究,2007,28(2): 235-237.
[17]陈松,蹇开林,黄泽好,汪先国.摩托车平顺性的仿真研究[J].机械强度,2006,28(3):465-469.
[18]杨仕,何玉林,杜静等.摩托车平顺性行驶试验方法和评价标准研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版) ,2007,29(5):118-121.
[19]周京京,穆希辉,杜峰坡.全向侧面叉车行驶平顺性的仿真[J].起重运输机械,2009,9:80-82.
[20] Hou Xiang-Shen,Shan Li-Yan,Ma Song-Lin.Influence of pavement roughness on riding comfort based on whole vehicle model[C].International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2007.ICTE,American Society of Civil Engineers,2007:655-662.
[21]朱冉,黄志刚,梁新成.轿车九自由度平顺性动力学模型仿真[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(5):30-35.
[22]黄志刚,毛恩荣,梁新成等.微型轿车八自由度整车动力学仿真与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(6):29-33.
[23] Nahvi Hassan,Fouladi, Mohammad Hosseini,Mohd Nor, Mohd Jailani.Evaluation of whole-body vibration and ride comfort in a passenger car[J].International Journal of Acoustics and Vibrations,2009,14(3):143-149.
[24]李朝峰,王得刚,刘杰.11自由度非线性车辆平顺性模型的研究及应用.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(6):857-860.
[25] Huston Ronald L.,Genaidy, Ashraf M..Design parameters for comfortable and safe vehicle seats[J].SAE Special Publications,1997,1242:179-183.
[26] Maas Jüergen,Sch?ner Hans-Peter,Orizaris Vasilios.Active seat suspension of a motor vehicle[J].VDI Berichte,2004,1821:391-405+451-452+454.
[27] Zachow,Dietmar.3D Membrane shell model in application of a tractor and pkw tyre[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,1997,27:327-345.
[28] Liang Cho-Chung,Chiang Chi-Feng.A study on biodynamic models of seated human subjects exposed to vertical vibration[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006,26(10): 869-890.
[29]李春明.人体一座椅系统的振动特性研究[J].陕西汽车,1996,3:17-20.
[30]牛福,李若新.卧姿人体垂直振动模型及其应用研究进展概述[J].医疗卫生装备,2001,1: 23-25.
[31] Mastinu G.,Gobbi M.,Pennati M..A comprehensive method to assess the ride comfort of vehicle[C].2008 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.DETC.ASME, 2008:669-683.
[32]王宕松,石晶,耿艾莉.汽车平顺性的模糊评价方法的研究及应用[J].辽宁工学院学报,2003,23(5):1-5.
[33] Burke Laura I.,Storer Robert H.,Lansing Laura L..Neural-network approach to prediction ofvehicle driving comfort[J].IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1996,28(6):439-452.
[34]陈伟.汽车振动测试分析系统的研究[D].河北工业大学,2007:40-55.
[35]唐传茵,张天侠,计伟.基于烦恼率模型的车辆平顺性评价[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2006,1:37-39.
[36]张志飞,徐中明,贺岩松.汽车平顺性客观评价方法[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(4):14-20.
[37] Mao Yiqin,Zhu Xichan,Zhang Jinhuan,Huang Shilin.Prediction of vehicle ride comfort with consideration of nonlinear suspension[J].Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,1993,1923(pt 2):1259-1263.
[38]郑兰霞.非线性悬架系统的汽车平顺性研究[D].合肥工业大学,2004:20-56.
[39]肖海斌,方明霞.四自由度汽车迟滞非线性系统的混沌[J].动力学与控制学报,2008,6(4): 377-380.
[40]李碧军.基于刚柔耦合的非线性悬架汽车的平顺性研究[D].湖南大学,2008,21-50.
[41] Zhang Xiaoyang,Sun Beibei,Sun Qinghong,Chen Nan.Vehicle and terrain interaction based on Adams-Matlab co-simulation[J].Journal of Southeast University (English Edition),2009, 25(2):335-339.
[42]张洪信,陈秉聪,张铁柱.重型车辆平顺性与对路面损伤关系的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(2):1-3.
[43]王岩松,段敏,耿艾莉.车辆-人体系统振动的时域模拟及频谱分析[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004,34(3):373-377.
[44] Nishiyama, Shuji.Vertical and lateral vibration analysis of vehicle-occupant dynamic interaction with simulation system[J].Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu,C Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C.1993,59(567):3239-3246.
[45] Peng Shuang,Song Jian.Simulation of vehicle ride comfort performance in Adams[C]. Proceedings of Asian Simulation Conference.System Simulation and Scientific Computing (Shanghai).2002:738-742.
[46]邢洪滨,施国标,张昕.Vedyna及其在汽车平顺性分析中的应用[J].上海汽车,2006,2:36- 38.
[47]李刚,张立军,张宇.基于SIMPACK的汽车平顺性仿真和悬架匹配技术研究[J].辽宁工学院学报,2005,25(4):243-246.
[48]穆立茂,黄海英,张靖.LabVIEW下货车平顺性仿真分析[J].汽车电子,2009,25(8):211-212.
[49]阳凤生.基于DirectX的汽车平顺性虚拟实验研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006.
[50]杨伟红,徐广明.基于Simulink的装载机行驶平顺性研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2009,31(3):425-426.
[51] D.Rubinstein,N.Galili.REKEM-a design-oriented simulation program for off-road track vehicle[J].Journal of Terramechanics,1994,31(5):329-352.
[52] Chen Long,Niu Li-Min,Zhao Jing-Bo,Jiang Hao-Bin.Application of AMESim & MATLAB simulation on vehicle chassis system dynamics[C].Proceedings-Workshop on Intelligent Information Technology Application IITA,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2007:185-188.
[53] Akbari,Ahmad,Lohmann,Boris.Multi-objective preview control of active vehicle suspensions[C].IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline).Elsevier,2008:20-52.
[54] Maleki Narges,Sedigh Ali Khaki,Labibi Batool.Robust model reference adaptive control of active suspension system[C].4th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation,Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society,2006:182-201.
[55]宋晓琳,于德介,殷智宏.采用免疫算法优化设计汽车主动悬架的模糊控制器[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(9):2634-2637.
[56] Kawabe Taketoshi,Isobe Osamu,Watanabe Yoshito,Hanba Shigeru.New semi-active suspension controller design using quasi-linearization and frequency shaping[J].Control Engineering Practice.1998,6(10):1183-1191.
[57]邓志党,刘献栋,高峰.基于卡尔曼估计和最优控制的汽车悬架控制研究[J].汽车工程(增刊),2003,10:92-97.
[58] Biglarbegian Mohammad,Melek William,Golnaraghi Farid.A novel neuro-fuzzy controller to enhance the performance of vehicle semi-active suspension systems[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2008,46(8):691-711.
[59]王其东,王祺明,陈无畏.磁流变半主动悬架变论域模糊控制研究[J].振动工程学报,2009,22(5):512-518.
[60] Li R.,Chen W.-M.,Liao C.-R., Zhang H.-H..A hierarchical controller for the vibration of an automotive suspension system via magnetorheological dampers[C].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering.Professional Engineering Publishing,2009:1327-1340.
[61] Els P.S.,Theron N.J.,Uys, P.E,Thoresson M.J..The ride comfort vs. handling compromise for off-road vehicles[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2007,44(4):303-317.
[62]杨荣山,袁仲荣,黄向东等.基于近似模型的车辆操纵稳定性及平顺性的优化研究[J].汽车技术,2009,7:18-22.
[63]袁传义,陈龙,江浩斌.主动悬架与电动助力转向系统模糊集成控制[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(1):29-32.
[64]来飞,邓兆祥,董红亮.汽车主动悬架和四轮转向系统的综合控制[J] .振动与冲击,2009, 28(4):157-160.
[65]陈士安,何仁,陆森林.馈能型悬架的仿真与性能评价研[J].究汽车工程,2006,28(2):167-171.
[66]高琦.计及车体柔性的悬架系统动力学分析与优化设计[D].济南:山东大学,2007.
[67]许志华.铰接式自卸车橡胶悬架系统多体动力学分析、试验研究与优化[D].南京:东南大学,2005.
[68]魏胜君.铰接式自卸车平顺性研究[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[69]张朝杰.铰接式自卸汽车前悬架系统动力学建模与分析[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2009.
[70] N Orlandea,M A Chace,D A Calahan.A Sparsity-Oriented Approach to the Dynamic Analysis and Design of Mechanical System[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1976:101-121.
[71] N k Mani,E J Haug,K E Atkinson.Application Singular Value Decomposition for Analysis of Mechanical System Dynamics[J].ASMEJ Mechanisms Transmissions and Automation in Design,1885:11-21.
[72]季文美,方同,陈松淇.机械振动[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,318-326.
[73]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:206-207.
[74] ISO2631-1:1997(E), Mechanical vibration and shock—Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration-Part 1:General requirements[S]. Geneva, ISO, 1997.
[75] T.D.Gillespie,赵六奇等.车辆动力学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[76]蒋伟.机械动力学分析[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2005:81-118.
[77]李惠彬.振动理论与工程应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2006,62.
[78]季文美,方同,陈松淇.机械振动[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[79]师汉民.机械振动系统[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.
[80]陈立周.机械优化设计方法[M].第三版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:1-58.
[2]吴融华.铰接式自卸汽车的结构与性能特点[J].商用汽车,2003(6):66.
[3]张建文,杨兴龙,林逸等.空气悬架大客车平顺性仿真研究[J] .公路交通科技,2003(12):6-10.
[4] Andersson Daniel,Eriksson Peter.Handling and ride comfort optimisation of an intercity bus[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2004,41(2):547-556.
[5] Watanabe Kotaro,Tamura Masashi,Yamaya Ken.Development of a new-type suspension spring for rally cars[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2001(1):132-134.
[6] Jiang Zhenyu,Streit Donald A.,El-Gindy Moustafa.Heavy vehicle ride comfort: Literature survey[J].Heavy Vehicle Systems,2001(3):258-284.
[7]邵磊,傅幸民,姚雪梅,徐刚.工程车辆ADAMS建模与平顺性仿真[J].中国工程机械学报,2005,3(2):144-148.
[8]杨勇,任卫群,陈立平.三轴拖车平顺性仿真分析[J].汽车工程,2007,29(2):165-169.
[9]王乾廷,周晓军.面向平顺性仿真的越野汽车动态模型[J].汽车工程,2006,28(3):292-295.
[10]吴志成,陈思忠,杨林,张斌.越野车辆平顺性评价方法研究[J].兵工学报,2007,28(11):1393-1396.
[11]高树新,汪立民,谢伯元.军用战术车辆平顺性评价方法及指标限值的研究[J].汽车技术,2008,7:27-30.
[12] Xu L.,Dai L.,Dong M..Influence of liquid slosh on ride quality of liquid cargo tank vehicles[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2004,228(7):675-684.
[13]翟世轩.全密封后压缩型垃圾车动力学仿真及结构优化[D].南京:东南大学,2008:18-53.
[14]常绿.矿用自卸汽车平顺性虚拟仿真技术及试验研究[J].金属矿山,2009,8:97-100.
[15] Sujatha C.,Goswami A.K., Roopchand J..Vibration and ride comfort studies on a tracked vehicle[J].Heavy Vehicle Systems,2002,9(3):241-252.
[16]王芬娥.小麦联合收割机跨区运输工况平顺性试验研究[J].农业现代化研究,2007,28(2): 235-237.
[17]陈松,蹇开林,黄泽好,汪先国.摩托车平顺性的仿真研究[J].机械强度,2006,28(3):465-469.
[18]杨仕,何玉林,杜静等.摩托车平顺性行驶试验方法和评价标准研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版) ,2007,29(5):118-121.
[19]周京京,穆希辉,杜峰坡.全向侧面叉车行驶平顺性的仿真[J].起重运输机械,2009,9:80-82.
[20] Hou Xiang-Shen,Shan Li-Yan,Ma Song-Lin.Influence of pavement roughness on riding comfort based on whole vehicle model[C].International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2007.ICTE,American Society of Civil Engineers,2007:655-662.
[21]朱冉,黄志刚,梁新成.轿车九自由度平顺性动力学模型仿真[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(5):30-35.
[22]黄志刚,毛恩荣,梁新成等.微型轿车八自由度整车动力学仿真与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(6):29-33.
[23] Nahvi Hassan,Fouladi, Mohammad Hosseini,Mohd Nor, Mohd Jailani.Evaluation of whole-body vibration and ride comfort in a passenger car[J].International Journal of Acoustics and Vibrations,2009,14(3):143-149.
[24]李朝峰,王得刚,刘杰.11自由度非线性车辆平顺性模型的研究及应用.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(6):857-860.
[25] Huston Ronald L.,Genaidy, Ashraf M..Design parameters for comfortable and safe vehicle seats[J].SAE Special Publications,1997,1242:179-183.
[26] Maas Jüergen,Sch?ner Hans-Peter,Orizaris Vasilios.Active seat suspension of a motor vehicle[J].VDI Berichte,2004,1821:391-405+451-452+454.
[27] Zachow,Dietmar.3D Membrane shell model in application of a tractor and pkw tyre[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,1997,27:327-345.
[28] Liang Cho-Chung,Chiang Chi-Feng.A study on biodynamic models of seated human subjects exposed to vertical vibration[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006,26(10): 869-890.
[29]李春明.人体一座椅系统的振动特性研究[J].陕西汽车,1996,3:17-20.
[30]牛福,李若新.卧姿人体垂直振动模型及其应用研究进展概述[J].医疗卫生装备,2001,1: 23-25.
[31] Mastinu G.,Gobbi M.,Pennati M..A comprehensive method to assess the ride comfort of vehicle[C].2008 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.DETC.ASME, 2008:669-683.
[32]王宕松,石晶,耿艾莉.汽车平顺性的模糊评价方法的研究及应用[J].辽宁工学院学报,2003,23(5):1-5.
[33] Burke Laura I.,Storer Robert H.,Lansing Laura L..Neural-network approach to prediction ofvehicle driving comfort[J].IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),1996,28(6):439-452.
[34]陈伟.汽车振动测试分析系统的研究[D].河北工业大学,2007:40-55.
[35]唐传茵,张天侠,计伟.基于烦恼率模型的车辆平顺性评价[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2006,1:37-39.
[36]张志飞,徐中明,贺岩松.汽车平顺性客观评价方法[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(4):14-20.
[37] Mao Yiqin,Zhu Xichan,Zhang Jinhuan,Huang Shilin.Prediction of vehicle ride comfort with consideration of nonlinear suspension[J].Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,1993,1923(pt 2):1259-1263.
[38]郑兰霞.非线性悬架系统的汽车平顺性研究[D].合肥工业大学,2004:20-56.
[39]肖海斌,方明霞.四自由度汽车迟滞非线性系统的混沌[J].动力学与控制学报,2008,6(4): 377-380.
[40]李碧军.基于刚柔耦合的非线性悬架汽车的平顺性研究[D].湖南大学,2008,21-50.
[41] Zhang Xiaoyang,Sun Beibei,Sun Qinghong,Chen Nan.Vehicle and terrain interaction based on Adams-Matlab co-simulation[J].Journal of Southeast University (English Edition),2009, 25(2):335-339.
[42]张洪信,陈秉聪,张铁柱.重型车辆平顺性与对路面损伤关系的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(2):1-3.
[43]王岩松,段敏,耿艾莉.车辆-人体系统振动的时域模拟及频谱分析[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004,34(3):373-377.
[44] Nishiyama, Shuji.Vertical and lateral vibration analysis of vehicle-occupant dynamic interaction with simulation system[J].Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu,C Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C.1993,59(567):3239-3246.
[45] Peng Shuang,Song Jian.Simulation of vehicle ride comfort performance in Adams[C]. Proceedings of Asian Simulation Conference.System Simulation and Scientific Computing (Shanghai).2002:738-742.
[46]邢洪滨,施国标,张昕.Vedyna及其在汽车平顺性分析中的应用[J].上海汽车,2006,2:36- 38.
[47]李刚,张立军,张宇.基于SIMPACK的汽车平顺性仿真和悬架匹配技术研究[J].辽宁工学院学报,2005,25(4):243-246.
[48]穆立茂,黄海英,张靖.LabVIEW下货车平顺性仿真分析[J].汽车电子,2009,25(8):211-212.
[49]阳凤生.基于DirectX的汽车平顺性虚拟实验研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006.
[50]杨伟红,徐广明.基于Simulink的装载机行驶平顺性研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2009,31(3):425-426.
[51] D.Rubinstein,N.Galili.REKEM-a design-oriented simulation program for off-road track vehicle[J].Journal of Terramechanics,1994,31(5):329-352.
[52] Chen Long,Niu Li-Min,Zhao Jing-Bo,Jiang Hao-Bin.Application of AMESim & MATLAB simulation on vehicle chassis system dynamics[C].Proceedings-Workshop on Intelligent Information Technology Application IITA,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2007:185-188.
[53] Akbari,Ahmad,Lohmann,Boris.Multi-objective preview control of active vehicle suspensions[C].IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline).Elsevier,2008:20-52.
[54] Maleki Narges,Sedigh Ali Khaki,Labibi Batool.Robust model reference adaptive control of active suspension system[C].4th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation,Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society,2006:182-201.
[55]宋晓琳,于德介,殷智宏.采用免疫算法优化设计汽车主动悬架的模糊控制器[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(9):2634-2637.
[56] Kawabe Taketoshi,Isobe Osamu,Watanabe Yoshito,Hanba Shigeru.New semi-active suspension controller design using quasi-linearization and frequency shaping[J].Control Engineering Practice.1998,6(10):1183-1191.
[57]邓志党,刘献栋,高峰.基于卡尔曼估计和最优控制的汽车悬架控制研究[J].汽车工程(增刊),2003,10:92-97.
[58] Biglarbegian Mohammad,Melek William,Golnaraghi Farid.A novel neuro-fuzzy controller to enhance the performance of vehicle semi-active suspension systems[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2008,46(8):691-711.
[59]王其东,王祺明,陈无畏.磁流变半主动悬架变论域模糊控制研究[J].振动工程学报,2009,22(5):512-518.
[60] Li R.,Chen W.-M.,Liao C.-R., Zhang H.-H..A hierarchical controller for the vibration of an automotive suspension system via magnetorheological dampers[C].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering.Professional Engineering Publishing,2009:1327-1340.
[61] Els P.S.,Theron N.J.,Uys, P.E,Thoresson M.J..The ride comfort vs. handling compromise for off-road vehicles[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2007,44(4):303-317.
[62]杨荣山,袁仲荣,黄向东等.基于近似模型的车辆操纵稳定性及平顺性的优化研究[J].汽车技术,2009,7:18-22.
[63]袁传义,陈龙,江浩斌.主动悬架与电动助力转向系统模糊集成控制[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(1):29-32.
[64]来飞,邓兆祥,董红亮.汽车主动悬架和四轮转向系统的综合控制[J] .振动与冲击,2009, 28(4):157-160.
[65]陈士安,何仁,陆森林.馈能型悬架的仿真与性能评价研[J].究汽车工程,2006,28(2):167-171.
[66]高琦.计及车体柔性的悬架系统动力学分析与优化设计[D].济南:山东大学,2007.
[67]许志华.铰接式自卸车橡胶悬架系统多体动力学分析、试验研究与优化[D].南京:东南大学,2005.
[68]魏胜君.铰接式自卸车平顺性研究[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[69]张朝杰.铰接式自卸汽车前悬架系统动力学建模与分析[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2009.
[70] N Orlandea,M A Chace,D A Calahan.A Sparsity-Oriented Approach to the Dynamic Analysis and Design of Mechanical System[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1976:101-121.
[71] N k Mani,E J Haug,K E Atkinson.Application Singular Value Decomposition for Analysis of Mechanical System Dynamics[J].ASMEJ Mechanisms Transmissions and Automation in Design,1885:11-21.
[72]季文美,方同,陈松淇.机械振动[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,318-326.
[73]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:206-207.
[74] ISO2631-1:1997(E), Mechanical vibration and shock—Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration-Part 1:General requirements[S]. Geneva, ISO, 1997.
[75] T.D.Gillespie,赵六奇等.车辆动力学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[76]蒋伟.机械动力学分析[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2005:81-118.
[77]李惠彬.振动理论与工程应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2006,62.
[78]季文美,方同,陈松淇.机械振动[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[79]师汉民.机械振动系统[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.
[80]陈立周.机械优化设计方法[M].第三版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:1-58.