基于价值管理的轨道交通项目全生命周期造价管理应用研究
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摘要
轨道交通是规模巨大的综合性系统工程,建设投资大、周期长。我国不少大城市已将建设轨道交通提上议事日程,北京、上海、广州等城市已建成了100多公里的轨道交通,但居高不下的工程造价令人们望而生畏。
价值管理(Value Management, VM)是一个能有效保证建设项目投资效益,降低项目投资的高效理论体系和方法。价值管理之所以能够在建设项目中广泛应用,其根本原因在于它能够适应建设项目的自身需求,在降低工程成本,保证项目投资效益等方面具有显著的功效。将价值管理的思想应用于我国建设项目的建设与管理之中,无疑将会产生巨大的经济效益与社会效益,对促进我国项目建设也将具有重大的意义。
本文基于轨道交通项目投资规模大,投资强度高,建设周期长,阶段复杂等特点,将价值管理方法引入到轨道交通项目的全生命周期造价管理中,通过对轨道交通项目全生命周期价值目标的确定,价值对象的选择以及功能分析与评价,在各个阶段来优化和选择方案,控制工程造价,提高项目价值,力求以最小的全生命周期成本来建设和使用轨道交通项目。文章最后以一个案例来分析价值管理在轨道交通信号设计阶段的应用。
The railway transportation project is synthetic systems engineering, which has large scale, high cost and long cycle. Many big cities of our country have put railway transportation project on the agenda, for example, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have completed more than 100 kilometers railway. However, the continuous high construction cost has been a big problem.
Value management is an effective system theory and method to ensure investment benefits and reduce investments in construction projects. Because it can meet the needs of a construction project itself and has a significant effect in reducing costs and ensuring investment benefits of a construction project, VM can be widely used in construction projects. It will undoubtedly have enormous economic and social benefits to use VM concept in the construction and management of construction projects, and it is of great significance to promote the construction of a project. By analyzing of the theory、application and application status of VM.
Considering the railway transportation project with big investment scale, long cycle of construction, and complicated phases, this thesis introduce the method of Value Engineering to the entire life-cycle cost management. Through setting the value objectives, choosing the value objects, analyzing and judging the functions of railway transportation project to optimize and choose ways in each phase to control the cost, enhance the value, and try our best to finish the railway transportation project with the lowest entire life-cycle cost. In the end of this thesis, a case is used to analyze how to use the method of Value Engineering in the phase of signal system design in the railway transportation project.
价值管理(Value Management, VM)是一个能有效保证建设项目投资效益,降低项目投资的高效理论体系和方法。价值管理之所以能够在建设项目中广泛应用,其根本原因在于它能够适应建设项目的自身需求,在降低工程成本,保证项目投资效益等方面具有显著的功效。将价值管理的思想应用于我国建设项目的建设与管理之中,无疑将会产生巨大的经济效益与社会效益,对促进我国项目建设也将具有重大的意义。
本文基于轨道交通项目投资规模大,投资强度高,建设周期长,阶段复杂等特点,将价值管理方法引入到轨道交通项目的全生命周期造价管理中,通过对轨道交通项目全生命周期价值目标的确定,价值对象的选择以及功能分析与评价,在各个阶段来优化和选择方案,控制工程造价,提高项目价值,力求以最小的全生命周期成本来建设和使用轨道交通项目。文章最后以一个案例来分析价值管理在轨道交通信号设计阶段的应用。
The railway transportation project is synthetic systems engineering, which has large scale, high cost and long cycle. Many big cities of our country have put railway transportation project on the agenda, for example, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have completed more than 100 kilometers railway. However, the continuous high construction cost has been a big problem.
Value management is an effective system theory and method to ensure investment benefits and reduce investments in construction projects. Because it can meet the needs of a construction project itself and has a significant effect in reducing costs and ensuring investment benefits of a construction project, VM can be widely used in construction projects. It will undoubtedly have enormous economic and social benefits to use VM concept in the construction and management of construction projects, and it is of great significance to promote the construction of a project. By analyzing of the theory、application and application status of VM.
Considering the railway transportation project with big investment scale, long cycle of construction, and complicated phases, this thesis introduce the method of Value Engineering to the entire life-cycle cost management. Through setting the value objectives, choosing the value objects, analyzing and judging the functions of railway transportation project to optimize and choose ways in each phase to control the cost, enhance the value, and try our best to finish the railway transportation project with the lowest entire life-cycle cost. In the end of this thesis, a case is used to analyze how to use the method of Value Engineering in the phase of signal system design in the railway transportation project.
引文
[1]徐循初,黄建中.城市道路与交通规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[2]尹贻林.工程造价计价与控制[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.
[3]程鸿群,姬晓辉,陆菊春.工程造价管理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.
[4]刘允延.建设工程项目成本管理[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[5]陶学明,黄云德,熊伟.工程造价计价与管理[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[6]吴现立,冯占红.工程造价控制与管理[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2004.
[7]刘伊生.工程造价管理基础理论与相关法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.
[8]孙章,何宗华,徐金祥.城市轨道交通概论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.
[9]施仲衡.地下铁道设计与施工[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997.
[10]樊兴斌,赵飞.绿色建筑的全生命周期造价管理[J].合作经济与科技,2008(4):24-25.
[11]秦立公,张丰展.价值工程理论在我国建设项目投资过程中的应用研究[J].科技信息(学术研究),2008(2):24.
[12]罗志兵.价值工程在城市轨道交通信号系统设计中的应用[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005(6):35-38.
[13]成元.价值工程在全过程造价管理中的运用[J].价值工程,2005(10):63-64.
[14]尚福清.价值工程在可行性研究中的应用[J].甘肃冶金,2007(4):132-135.
[15]邬利敏.价值工程在客运专线轨道类型确定中的应用[J].铁路工程造价管理,2005(3):4-6.
[16]陈光.城市轨道交通项目全寿命周期费用集成化管理研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005(6):27-30.
[17]伍进.建筑工程领域价值工程应用的中外比较[J].建筑经济,2004(1):89-91.
[18]聂国平,袁建军.价值工程在施工成本控制中的应用[J].价值工程,2008(1):75-77.
[19]李维存,王栋.价值工程在施工招标评标中的应用[J].建筑市场与招标投标,2006(5):35-37.
[20]柯丽华,叶义成.采用价值工程方法优选城市交通规划方案[J].价值工程,2004(7):31-33.
[21]夏巍,赵延龙.浅析全生命周期造价管理和全过程造价管理的对比与应用[J].基建优化,2007(10):90-92.
[22]王如南.论建设项目工程造价管理价值工程的实施[J].科技信息,2007(5):89-90.
[23]陈光.城市轨道交通项目全寿命周期价值工程的应用研究[J].建筑管理现代化,2004(6):1-4.
[24]孙国栋.浅析价值工程在建设项目全生命周期工程造价管理中的应用[J].潍坊学院学报,2007(9):95-98.
[25]王文静.价值工程在建设项目全生命周期造价管理中的应用研究[D].武汉理工大学,2005.
[26]马勇.全生命周期造价管理及其应用研究[D].西南交通大学,2006.
[27]王彬.市政工程造价前期造价管理理论与方法[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[28]李雪霞.公路工程全过程造价管理模式与方法研究[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[29]栗忠华.基于价值工程的商品住宅全寿命周期成本分析[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[30]李红立,任宏.价值管理在建设项目成本控制中的应用研究[D].重庆大学,2006.
[31]胡新朝,尹贻林.建设工程项目价值管理在设计阶段的应用—基于利益相关者理论的研究[D].天津理工大学,2007.
[32]邓少俊,高平.建筑工程设计阶段价值管理研究[D].东北财经大学,2005.
[33] Gongbo Lin and Qiping Shen. Measuring the Performance of Value Management Studies in Construction: Critical Review[J]. Journal of Management in Engineering January2007, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp. 2-9.
[34] Ralph Barker, Paul Childerhouse, Mohamed Naim, Jan Masat, and Derek Wilson.Potential of Total Cycle Time Compression in Construction: Focus on Program Development and Design [J].Journal of Construction Engineering andManagement, Vol.130, No.2, 2004.
[35] Graham J. Treloar, Peter E.D. Love, and Robert H. Crawford .Hybrid Life-Cycle Inventory for Road Construction and Use[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.130, No.1, 2004.
[36] Qiping Shen and Guiwen Liu. Applications of Value Management in the Construction Industry in China Engineering [J].Construction and Architectural Management,Vol.11,No.1,2004.
[37] Tarek Hegazy, and Kevin Petzold. Genetic Optimization for Dynamic Project Control[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.129,No.4. 2004.
[38] Hee Sung Cha and James T. O'Connor. Characteristics for Leveraging Value Management Processes on Capital Facility Projects [J]. Journal of Management in Engineering, July 2006,Volume 22, Issue 3, pp. 135-147.
[39]Mónica Sánchez, Francesc Prats, Núria Agell, and Gaizka Ormazabal. Multiple-Criteria Evaluation for Value Management in Civil Engineering[J].Journal of Management in Engineering, July 2005, Volume 21, Issue 3, pp. 131-137.
[40] Qiping Shen and Guiwen Liu.Critical Success Factors for Value Management Studies in Construction[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, September/October 2003, Volume 129, Issue 5, pp. 485-491.
[41] Maral Papazian Bedian.Value Engineering and its Rewards[J].Leadership and Management in Engineering, April 2002,Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 36-37.
[42] Xueqing Zhang.Public Clients' Best Value Perspectives of Public Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development [J]. J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., February 2006,Volume 132, Issue 2, pp. 107-114.
[43] M.Whitley.To bid, or not to bid [bid management] [J].Engineering Management, October 2006, Volume 16, Issue 5, p. 40-43.
[44] Thomas Horrall and Carl Rosenberg.The role of sound masking treatment in the value engineering of office designs (A) [J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, May 2006, Volume 119, Issue 5, p. 3351.
[45] A. Sloper. Meeting the challenge of outsourcing[J]. Engineering Management,June 2004, Volume 14, Issue 3, p. 34-37.
[46] P.A. Manning. Value added consultancy [J].Engineering Management Journal, February 2002, Volume 12, Issue 1, p. 15-24.
[47] Sunil K. Sinha, H. Randolph Thomas, and John R. Kulka. Integrating Ethics into the Engineered Construction Curriculum [J].J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract., October 2007,Volume 133, Issue 4, pp. 291-299.
[48] Suat Günhan, David Arditi, and Jacqueline Doyle.Avoiding Change Orders in Public School Construction [J]. J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract., January 2007, Volume 133, Issue 1, pp. 67-73.
[2]尹贻林.工程造价计价与控制[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.
[3]程鸿群,姬晓辉,陆菊春.工程造价管理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.
[4]刘允延.建设工程项目成本管理[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[5]陶学明,黄云德,熊伟.工程造价计价与管理[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[6]吴现立,冯占红.工程造价控制与管理[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2004.
[7]刘伊生.工程造价管理基础理论与相关法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.
[8]孙章,何宗华,徐金祥.城市轨道交通概论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.
[9]施仲衡.地下铁道设计与施工[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997.
[10]樊兴斌,赵飞.绿色建筑的全生命周期造价管理[J].合作经济与科技,2008(4):24-25.
[11]秦立公,张丰展.价值工程理论在我国建设项目投资过程中的应用研究[J].科技信息(学术研究),2008(2):24.
[12]罗志兵.价值工程在城市轨道交通信号系统设计中的应用[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005(6):35-38.
[13]成元.价值工程在全过程造价管理中的运用[J].价值工程,2005(10):63-64.
[14]尚福清.价值工程在可行性研究中的应用[J].甘肃冶金,2007(4):132-135.
[15]邬利敏.价值工程在客运专线轨道类型确定中的应用[J].铁路工程造价管理,2005(3):4-6.
[16]陈光.城市轨道交通项目全寿命周期费用集成化管理研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005(6):27-30.
[17]伍进.建筑工程领域价值工程应用的中外比较[J].建筑经济,2004(1):89-91.
[18]聂国平,袁建军.价值工程在施工成本控制中的应用[J].价值工程,2008(1):75-77.
[19]李维存,王栋.价值工程在施工招标评标中的应用[J].建筑市场与招标投标,2006(5):35-37.
[20]柯丽华,叶义成.采用价值工程方法优选城市交通规划方案[J].价值工程,2004(7):31-33.
[21]夏巍,赵延龙.浅析全生命周期造价管理和全过程造价管理的对比与应用[J].基建优化,2007(10):90-92.
[22]王如南.论建设项目工程造价管理价值工程的实施[J].科技信息,2007(5):89-90.
[23]陈光.城市轨道交通项目全寿命周期价值工程的应用研究[J].建筑管理现代化,2004(6):1-4.
[24]孙国栋.浅析价值工程在建设项目全生命周期工程造价管理中的应用[J].潍坊学院学报,2007(9):95-98.
[25]王文静.价值工程在建设项目全生命周期造价管理中的应用研究[D].武汉理工大学,2005.
[26]马勇.全生命周期造价管理及其应用研究[D].西南交通大学,2006.
[27]王彬.市政工程造价前期造价管理理论与方法[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[28]李雪霞.公路工程全过程造价管理模式与方法研究[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[29]栗忠华.基于价值工程的商品住宅全寿命周期成本分析[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[30]李红立,任宏.价值管理在建设项目成本控制中的应用研究[D].重庆大学,2006.
[31]胡新朝,尹贻林.建设工程项目价值管理在设计阶段的应用—基于利益相关者理论的研究[D].天津理工大学,2007.
[32]邓少俊,高平.建筑工程设计阶段价值管理研究[D].东北财经大学,2005.
[33] Gongbo Lin and Qiping Shen. Measuring the Performance of Value Management Studies in Construction: Critical Review[J]. Journal of Management in Engineering January2007, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp. 2-9.
[34] Ralph Barker, Paul Childerhouse, Mohamed Naim, Jan Masat, and Derek Wilson.Potential of Total Cycle Time Compression in Construction: Focus on Program Development and Design [J].Journal of Construction Engineering andManagement, Vol.130, No.2, 2004.
[35] Graham J. Treloar, Peter E.D. Love, and Robert H. Crawford .Hybrid Life-Cycle Inventory for Road Construction and Use[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.130, No.1, 2004.
[36] Qiping Shen and Guiwen Liu. Applications of Value Management in the Construction Industry in China Engineering [J].Construction and Architectural Management,Vol.11,No.1,2004.
[37] Tarek Hegazy, and Kevin Petzold. Genetic Optimization for Dynamic Project Control[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.129,No.4. 2004.
[38] Hee Sung Cha and James T. O'Connor. Characteristics for Leveraging Value Management Processes on Capital Facility Projects [J]. Journal of Management in Engineering, July 2006,Volume 22, Issue 3, pp. 135-147.
[39]Mónica Sánchez, Francesc Prats, Núria Agell, and Gaizka Ormazabal. Multiple-Criteria Evaluation for Value Management in Civil Engineering[J].Journal of Management in Engineering, July 2005, Volume 21, Issue 3, pp. 131-137.
[40] Qiping Shen and Guiwen Liu.Critical Success Factors for Value Management Studies in Construction[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, September/October 2003, Volume 129, Issue 5, pp. 485-491.
[41] Maral Papazian Bedian.Value Engineering and its Rewards[J].Leadership and Management in Engineering, April 2002,Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 36-37.
[42] Xueqing Zhang.Public Clients' Best Value Perspectives of Public Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development [J]. J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., February 2006,Volume 132, Issue 2, pp. 107-114.
[43] M.Whitley.To bid, or not to bid [bid management] [J].Engineering Management, October 2006, Volume 16, Issue 5, p. 40-43.
[44] Thomas Horrall and Carl Rosenberg.The role of sound masking treatment in the value engineering of office designs (A) [J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, May 2006, Volume 119, Issue 5, p. 3351.
[45] A. Sloper. Meeting the challenge of outsourcing[J]. Engineering Management,June 2004, Volume 14, Issue 3, p. 34-37.
[46] P.A. Manning. Value added consultancy [J].Engineering Management Journal, February 2002, Volume 12, Issue 1, p. 15-24.
[47] Sunil K. Sinha, H. Randolph Thomas, and John R. Kulka. Integrating Ethics into the Engineered Construction Curriculum [J].J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract., October 2007,Volume 133, Issue 4, pp. 291-299.
[48] Suat Günhan, David Arditi, and Jacqueline Doyle.Avoiding Change Orders in Public School Construction [J]. J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract., January 2007, Volume 133, Issue 1, pp. 67-73.