自适应地图可视化关键技术研究
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摘要
新地理信息时代的到来使得地图可视化系统面临着用户大众化,地图数据多样化,承载平台异构化以及应用领域广泛化等复杂环境。自适应地图可视化系统能够从容灵活地应对这些复杂多变的环境,实现用户的个性化服务,体现了“以用户为中心的设计”理念。然而已有的理论与技术都建立在纸质地图的基础上,在当前以电子屏幕为介质的新环境下,地图设计者和用户都面临着一个新的地图感受与读图环境,这使得现有的地图设计缺乏科学指导,设计的地图总体显示效果不适合屏幕的视觉感受,读图效率低,增加了用户的认知负担,这些都要求新型的地图可视化系统必须建立一套符合当前应用需求并指导屏幕地图设计的理论和技术体系。自适应地图可视化的研究目标是解决上述地图学发展中带来的具体研究与应用问题,探索面向人性化的普适的地图可视化系统(电子地图系统)设计的理论和技术方法。
自适应地图可视化系统的实现在理论和技术上都处于探索阶段。自适应地图可视化系统作为一种高智能型的人性化系统,它的实现需要多个领域知识的协作支持。作为一种尝试,本文对自适应地图可视化关键技术进行了研究,并做了以下几个方面的工作:
1、明确了论文的研究内容。总结了地图可视化系统和自适应理论与技术的国内外研究现状及其存在的问题,并介绍了本文的研究背景和意义以及研究目标,概括了本文将要进行的研究工作。
2、建立了论文理论基础。介绍了自适应的相关概念和自适应系统的特点;研究了相关学科领域的自适应理论和方法;研究了ACViS的基本理论和开发框架;简要分析了自适应地图可视化研究的关键问题。
3、ACViS用户模型研究。介绍了用户模型的相关知识和分类,总结了当前常用的用户建模技术;研究了用户模型与ACViS的关系;介绍了ACViS用户模型构建和匹配的过程;研究了ACViS用户模型构建方法,提出了一个更全面更有针对性的用户模型——四元组交互用户模型;研究了用户行为记录监测机制,提出了利用Apriori关联规则实现用户行为数据库挖掘的思路,并改进了Apriori关联算法,使之更加适用于ACViS,并进行了实例演示;研究了ACViS用户模型匹配算法,在常用相似度计算方法的基础上提出了一种新的用户模型匹配算法——基于概率的相似度匹配算法,并对算法过程进行了详细介绍,最后进行了实例验证。
4、ACViS可视化设计视觉感受实验。针对ACViS可视化设计中存在的问题研制了ACViS可视化设计视觉感受软件并进行了视觉感受实验,通过对实验结果的分析和相关理论研究,总结和提炼了ACViS可视化设计原则。
5、ACViS中知识库系统构建方法研究。对知识进行了概述,研究了ACViS中知识库系统的构成,阐述了ACViS中知识库系统模型和自适应推理策略,分析了ACViS可视化设计知识的特点和分类,同时对ACViS可视化设计知识表达方法进行了研究,并利用关系数据库对ACViS知识库中的基本表结构进行了阐述,对知识库进行了精炼,最后用VC++和ADO技术构建了知识库,给出了运行实例。
6、ACViS可视化中的自适应策略研究。重点研究了用户界面的自适应策略、屏幕地图色彩设计的自适应策略、屏幕地图符号设计的自适应策略和内容显示的自适应策略,为ACViS的最终实现奠定了部分技术基础。
7、电子地图自适应设计系统设计与实现。以电子地图自适应设计系统为例来验证前面几章所提到的关键技术,介绍了系统需求和结构,分析了系统关键技术支持,介绍了系统的功能,重点研究了ACViS中模板库的构建,并实现了电子地图自适应设计系统,最后进行了实例验证。
Cartographic visualization system has faced a challenge of a series of complicated environment, such as popularization of users, diversification of map data, isomerization of load-bearing platform and application fields’extension in this new geography information period. Adaptive cartographic visualization system could adapt itself in these complicated environments neatly and realize the individuation service which definitely manifests the idea of“user-centered design”. However, at present electronic screen has nearly taken the place of the paper map, on which the existed theories and technologies are all based, so designer and users face with a brand new map perception and reading environment which has resulted in many problem. For example, the existed design of map lacks of the scientific guidance, and the display effect of map is unsuitable for visual perception on screen. What’s worse, the reading efficiency is low which has complicated the recognition process. All these factors require that new cartographic visualization system has to establish a theory and technology system which is suitable for current application needs and could supervise the design of screen map. The research on the adaptive cartographic visualization mainly focuses on overcoming the research and application problems in the development of cartography, and explored the theory and technology methods of the humanized design of ubiquitous map visualization system (electronic map system).
The realization of adaptive cartographic visualization system is still in the exploring period. As a highly intelligent humanized system, adaptive cartographic visualization system can be realized by the support and cooperation among knowledge of multi-fields. This paper has attempted to research into the key technology of adaptive cartographic visualization. The achievements are as follows:
1. Illustrate the research content of the paper. This paper has summarized research actuality of the cartographic visualization system, and the adaptive theory and technology. Meanwhile, it points out the existing problems in the key technology of adaptive cartographic visualization. It has also introduced the research background, significance and objectives, and the further research is also included in this paper.
2. Establish the theory foundation of the paper. This paper has introduced the related concepts and characteristics of adaptive system,and it has concentrated on the theory and methods of adaptive in the related fields. It has studied on the basic theory and development framework of ACViS. At last, it has also briefly analyzed the key problem in the adaptive cartographic.
3. Study on user model of ACViS. The paper has introduced the related knowledge and classification of user model, concluded current user modeling technology. It has studied on the relationship between user model and ACViS, and introduced construction and matching process of User model in ACViS. It has put forward a more complete and pertinent user model named quaternary interaction user model, meanwhile, the paper has studied on the monitoring mechanism of user action, and has used extended apriori association rules to the mining of user action database to adapt for ACViS, and has gave an example to validate. The paper has put forward a new matching algorithm of user model named similarity matching algorithm based probability, the process of algorithm has been validated by example and introduced in detail.
4. Study on visual perception experiment of visualization design in ACViS. The paper has developed visual perception experiment software of visualization design in ACViS, and has done visual perception experiment for resolving related problem, It also has summarized and epurated visualization design principle in ACViS through analyzed experiment result and studied on related theory.
5. Study on the construction method of ACViS knowledge base. Firstly, this paper has summarized the related knowledge, and studied the structure of the knowledge base in ACViS. Secondly, it has expatiated on system model of knowledge base in ACViS and adaptive reasoning strategy. Thirdly, it has analyzed the characteristics of the visualization design knowledge of ACViS. Meanwhile it has concentrated on the representation of visualization design knowledge of ACViS. What’s more, it has expatiated basic table structure of this base and refined knowledge base by using the relation database. At last, the paper has constructed the knowledge base using VC++ and ADO technology and the running case has also been given.
6. Study on adaptive strategy on the visualization of ACViS. This paper has discussed the adaptive strategy of user interface, color and symbol, and the content display which has laid a solid portion technology foundation for the final realization of ACViS.
7. Design and realization adaptive design system of electronic map. This paper has validated forenamed key technology through adaptive design system of electronic map. In this part of the paper, the demand and structure of this system has been introduced, and the key technology support of the system has been analyzed. With introducing the function of the system, it has laid great importance on the research of the construction of ACViS template base, and the adaptive design of electronic map system has been realized. Finally, a validation example has been given.
自适应地图可视化系统的实现在理论和技术上都处于探索阶段。自适应地图可视化系统作为一种高智能型的人性化系统,它的实现需要多个领域知识的协作支持。作为一种尝试,本文对自适应地图可视化关键技术进行了研究,并做了以下几个方面的工作:
1、明确了论文的研究内容。总结了地图可视化系统和自适应理论与技术的国内外研究现状及其存在的问题,并介绍了本文的研究背景和意义以及研究目标,概括了本文将要进行的研究工作。
2、建立了论文理论基础。介绍了自适应的相关概念和自适应系统的特点;研究了相关学科领域的自适应理论和方法;研究了ACViS的基本理论和开发框架;简要分析了自适应地图可视化研究的关键问题。
3、ACViS用户模型研究。介绍了用户模型的相关知识和分类,总结了当前常用的用户建模技术;研究了用户模型与ACViS的关系;介绍了ACViS用户模型构建和匹配的过程;研究了ACViS用户模型构建方法,提出了一个更全面更有针对性的用户模型——四元组交互用户模型;研究了用户行为记录监测机制,提出了利用Apriori关联规则实现用户行为数据库挖掘的思路,并改进了Apriori关联算法,使之更加适用于ACViS,并进行了实例演示;研究了ACViS用户模型匹配算法,在常用相似度计算方法的基础上提出了一种新的用户模型匹配算法——基于概率的相似度匹配算法,并对算法过程进行了详细介绍,最后进行了实例验证。
4、ACViS可视化设计视觉感受实验。针对ACViS可视化设计中存在的问题研制了ACViS可视化设计视觉感受软件并进行了视觉感受实验,通过对实验结果的分析和相关理论研究,总结和提炼了ACViS可视化设计原则。
5、ACViS中知识库系统构建方法研究。对知识进行了概述,研究了ACViS中知识库系统的构成,阐述了ACViS中知识库系统模型和自适应推理策略,分析了ACViS可视化设计知识的特点和分类,同时对ACViS可视化设计知识表达方法进行了研究,并利用关系数据库对ACViS知识库中的基本表结构进行了阐述,对知识库进行了精炼,最后用VC++和ADO技术构建了知识库,给出了运行实例。
6、ACViS可视化中的自适应策略研究。重点研究了用户界面的自适应策略、屏幕地图色彩设计的自适应策略、屏幕地图符号设计的自适应策略和内容显示的自适应策略,为ACViS的最终实现奠定了部分技术基础。
7、电子地图自适应设计系统设计与实现。以电子地图自适应设计系统为例来验证前面几章所提到的关键技术,介绍了系统需求和结构,分析了系统关键技术支持,介绍了系统的功能,重点研究了ACViS中模板库的构建,并实现了电子地图自适应设计系统,最后进行了实例验证。
Cartographic visualization system has faced a challenge of a series of complicated environment, such as popularization of users, diversification of map data, isomerization of load-bearing platform and application fields’extension in this new geography information period. Adaptive cartographic visualization system could adapt itself in these complicated environments neatly and realize the individuation service which definitely manifests the idea of“user-centered design”. However, at present electronic screen has nearly taken the place of the paper map, on which the existed theories and technologies are all based, so designer and users face with a brand new map perception and reading environment which has resulted in many problem. For example, the existed design of map lacks of the scientific guidance, and the display effect of map is unsuitable for visual perception on screen. What’s worse, the reading efficiency is low which has complicated the recognition process. All these factors require that new cartographic visualization system has to establish a theory and technology system which is suitable for current application needs and could supervise the design of screen map. The research on the adaptive cartographic visualization mainly focuses on overcoming the research and application problems in the development of cartography, and explored the theory and technology methods of the humanized design of ubiquitous map visualization system (electronic map system).
The realization of adaptive cartographic visualization system is still in the exploring period. As a highly intelligent humanized system, adaptive cartographic visualization system can be realized by the support and cooperation among knowledge of multi-fields. This paper has attempted to research into the key technology of adaptive cartographic visualization. The achievements are as follows:
1. Illustrate the research content of the paper. This paper has summarized research actuality of the cartographic visualization system, and the adaptive theory and technology. Meanwhile, it points out the existing problems in the key technology of adaptive cartographic visualization. It has also introduced the research background, significance and objectives, and the further research is also included in this paper.
2. Establish the theory foundation of the paper. This paper has introduced the related concepts and characteristics of adaptive system,and it has concentrated on the theory and methods of adaptive in the related fields. It has studied on the basic theory and development framework of ACViS. At last, it has also briefly analyzed the key problem in the adaptive cartographic.
3. Study on user model of ACViS. The paper has introduced the related knowledge and classification of user model, concluded current user modeling technology. It has studied on the relationship between user model and ACViS, and introduced construction and matching process of User model in ACViS. It has put forward a more complete and pertinent user model named quaternary interaction user model, meanwhile, the paper has studied on the monitoring mechanism of user action, and has used extended apriori association rules to the mining of user action database to adapt for ACViS, and has gave an example to validate. The paper has put forward a new matching algorithm of user model named similarity matching algorithm based probability, the process of algorithm has been validated by example and introduced in detail.
4. Study on visual perception experiment of visualization design in ACViS. The paper has developed visual perception experiment software of visualization design in ACViS, and has done visual perception experiment for resolving related problem, It also has summarized and epurated visualization design principle in ACViS through analyzed experiment result and studied on related theory.
5. Study on the construction method of ACViS knowledge base. Firstly, this paper has summarized the related knowledge, and studied the structure of the knowledge base in ACViS. Secondly, it has expatiated on system model of knowledge base in ACViS and adaptive reasoning strategy. Thirdly, it has analyzed the characteristics of the visualization design knowledge of ACViS. Meanwhile it has concentrated on the representation of visualization design knowledge of ACViS. What’s more, it has expatiated basic table structure of this base and refined knowledge base by using the relation database. At last, the paper has constructed the knowledge base using VC++ and ADO technology and the running case has also been given.
6. Study on adaptive strategy on the visualization of ACViS. This paper has discussed the adaptive strategy of user interface, color and symbol, and the content display which has laid a solid portion technology foundation for the final realization of ACViS.
7. Design and realization adaptive design system of electronic map. This paper has validated forenamed key technology through adaptive design system of electronic map. In this part of the paper, the demand and structure of this system has been introduced, and the key technology support of the system has been analyzed. With introducing the function of the system, it has laid great importance on the research of the construction of ACViS template base, and the adaptive design of electronic map system has been realized. Finally, a validation example has been given.
引文
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