基于QFD的齿轮传动多目标优化设计方法研究
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摘要
在机械产品开发过程中,设计是重要的起始环节,使设计满足用户的需求及产品设计目标是根本,将用户需求有效地反映到设计层面是关键。面向用户需求的产品开发已成为趋势。用户希望能按照他们的需求和侧重来开发设计产品,如何在产品的设计阶段就准确把握用户需求并将其实现到产品设计中去,是工程设计中所面临的关键问题。
本文针对性运用了QFD的基本思想和方法,研究了面向常见齿轮传动设计的质量屋结构及其建立方法、QFD的展开模式;针对在结构设计中多目标优化设计的目标函数加权系数的选取问题,以二级圆柱齿轮传动和NGW型行星减速器传动机构的优化设计为对象,提出了一种基于QFD的多目标优化设计目标函数的建立方法;对在相应机械产品开发设计中应用QFD方法进行了探索;根据QFD的ASI展开模式分别建立了设计对象的产品规划质量屋、齿轮零部件设计质量屋和多目标优化设计质量屋。通过面向需求的质量功能配置方法,可以根据需求来合理确定分目标函数及其加权系数,实现将用户需求尽可能准确地反映到产品方案设计中,保证并提高产品的设计质量,使设计结果真正地满足用户需求。在此基础上,以NGW型行星减速器传动部分的优化设计为例,研究开发了集成设计平台,并应用ADAMS仿真分析方法及软件,就优化设计的结果进行仿真分析,并验证设计结果。本文构建了面向用户需求、基于QFD方法的一些典型机械传动综合设计模式,具有一定的理论意义和运用价值。
Design is the most important initial link in the development process of mechanical products. It is essential for designers to make sure that the design satisfies the customers’demands. Also it is key that the customer's demands are reflected effectively to the design. Product development for customers’demands has become a tendency. Customers hope that products can be designed according to their demands and focuses. So how to grasp the customers’demands accurately and to realize them into design is a key issue that designers will face in design stage .
In this article, the basic ideas and methods of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) are utilized to research the House of Quality structure and its establishment of the familiar gear transmission design, and to study the unfolding model of QFD. Aiming at the question that how to choose the objective function’s weighting coefficients in structural design, the optimizations of a two-stage cylindrical gear transmission mechanism and a NGW-type planetary reducer transmission mechanism, are taken as examples and a method how to establish the objective function of the multi-objective optimization based on QFD is put forward .It also explores the applications of QFD method in the corresponding mechanical product development process ,and establishes the product planning’s House of Quality of the design objects, gear parts design’s House of Quality and multi-objective optimization’s House of Quality respectively according to the ASI unfolding model of QFD. Similarly, according to the customers’demands, the objective functions and their weighting coefficients are established reasonably through QFD method so that they can reflect demands into the product development accurately as much as possible and guarantee the quality of the products effectively. As the result, the design can fully embody the demands of the customers. On this basis, the transmission parts’optimization design of a NGW-type planetary gear mechanism is taken as the example, and ADAMS simulation analysis method are also used to develop an integrated design platform and to analyze the simulation result of the optimization so that they can validate the design result. To some extent, the exploration to QFD method, and based on QFD method, the integrated design pattern’s establishments of some typical mechanical transmission, which are customers’commends oriented, have certain theory significance and utilization value.
本文针对性运用了QFD的基本思想和方法,研究了面向常见齿轮传动设计的质量屋结构及其建立方法、QFD的展开模式;针对在结构设计中多目标优化设计的目标函数加权系数的选取问题,以二级圆柱齿轮传动和NGW型行星减速器传动机构的优化设计为对象,提出了一种基于QFD的多目标优化设计目标函数的建立方法;对在相应机械产品开发设计中应用QFD方法进行了探索;根据QFD的ASI展开模式分别建立了设计对象的产品规划质量屋、齿轮零部件设计质量屋和多目标优化设计质量屋。通过面向需求的质量功能配置方法,可以根据需求来合理确定分目标函数及其加权系数,实现将用户需求尽可能准确地反映到产品方案设计中,保证并提高产品的设计质量,使设计结果真正地满足用户需求。在此基础上,以NGW型行星减速器传动部分的优化设计为例,研究开发了集成设计平台,并应用ADAMS仿真分析方法及软件,就优化设计的结果进行仿真分析,并验证设计结果。本文构建了面向用户需求、基于QFD方法的一些典型机械传动综合设计模式,具有一定的理论意义和运用价值。
Design is the most important initial link in the development process of mechanical products. It is essential for designers to make sure that the design satisfies the customers’demands. Also it is key that the customer's demands are reflected effectively to the design. Product development for customers’demands has become a tendency. Customers hope that products can be designed according to their demands and focuses. So how to grasp the customers’demands accurately and to realize them into design is a key issue that designers will face in design stage .
In this article, the basic ideas and methods of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) are utilized to research the House of Quality structure and its establishment of the familiar gear transmission design, and to study the unfolding model of QFD. Aiming at the question that how to choose the objective function’s weighting coefficients in structural design, the optimizations of a two-stage cylindrical gear transmission mechanism and a NGW-type planetary reducer transmission mechanism, are taken as examples and a method how to establish the objective function of the multi-objective optimization based on QFD is put forward .It also explores the applications of QFD method in the corresponding mechanical product development process ,and establishes the product planning’s House of Quality of the design objects, gear parts design’s House of Quality and multi-objective optimization’s House of Quality respectively according to the ASI unfolding model of QFD. Similarly, according to the customers’demands, the objective functions and their weighting coefficients are established reasonably through QFD method so that they can reflect demands into the product development accurately as much as possible and guarantee the quality of the products effectively. As the result, the design can fully embody the demands of the customers. On this basis, the transmission parts’optimization design of a NGW-type planetary gear mechanism is taken as the example, and ADAMS simulation analysis method are also used to develop an integrated design platform and to analyze the simulation result of the optimization so that they can validate the design result. To some extent, the exploration to QFD method, and based on QFD method, the integrated design pattern’s establishments of some typical mechanical transmission, which are customers’commends oriented, have certain theory significance and utilization value.
引文
[1]于宗民.基于质量功能配置法的产品开发研究[J].中国集体经济. 2007(3):128～129.
[2]付骏铭.基于IS09000 2000版的质量管理体系研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[3]向模军.质量-功能-展开(QFD)理论的实践发展综述[J].科技咨询导报,2007(30):192～192.
[4]李国奎.基于质量功能配置的质量特征并行优化模型研究[D].西华大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[5]林志航,车阿大.质量功能配置研究现状及进展—兼谈对我国QFD研究与应用的看法[J].机械科学与技术.1998,17(1):119～121.
[6] J.R.Hauser & D.Clausing. The House of Quality Harvard Business Review.May-June ,1988: 63～73.
[7]潘雪增.并行工程原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1997.
[8]刘鸿恩.改进的质量功能展开[J].系统工程理论方法应用.1995,14(4):49～53.
[9]马健,唐晓青,李军.质量功能配置软件工具中的模糊处理[J].航空学报.1997,18(6):698～702.
[10]宋慈军,林志航.墓于域结构模板的机械产品概念设计方案生成[J].机械工程学报.2001第37卷第9期:24～29.
[11]穆瑞.基于公理化设计的质量功能配置研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2007,8.
[12]吴建琳.基于知识的质量功能配置系统的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008,7.
[13] Clausing.D.P.World-class Concurrent Engineering. Concurrent Engineering: Tools and Technologies for Mechanical System Design. 1992:43～50.
[14] Shin Jong-Seok. Complexity Reduction of a Design Problem in QPD for Concurrent Engineering.1998:55一6l.
[15] Gary S.Wasserman. Using Fuzzy Sets Theory to Derive an Overall Customer Satisfaction Index. The Fifth Symposium on QFD, Novi, Michigan,1993.
[16] Frew Betal. Quality Function Deployment-A System View. The fifth Symposium on QFD,Michigan,1993.
[17]日本机械学会编著.李茹贞,赵清慧译.齿轮强度设计资料.北京:机械工业出版社,1984
[18]周长江,唐进元,刘艳萍、刘江南.齿轮传动设计两种计算标准的比较研究[J].机械传动.2006,30(3):9.
[19]叶秉良,赵匀,俞高红,李革.拖拉机NGW型行星式最终传动多目标可靠性优化[J].农业工程学报, 2008年11月,第24卷第11期:89.
[20]王克奇,赵风雷.二级行星减速器多目标优化设计研究[J].通用机械.2006(6):93.
[21]何克祥.以体积最小为目标函数的圆柱齿轮传动优化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2009(7):90.
[22]王忠祥,郭宝恩.面向用户需求的减速器概念设计[J].天津科杖大学学报, 2005年9月,第20卷第3期:33.
[23]林志航.产品设计与制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[24]赵武张颖石贵龙.质量功能展开(QFD)研究综述[J].世界标准化与质量管理,2007,(4):56～60.
[25]王震明胡于进李成刚.质量功能配置及开发[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,2000,24(5):481～484.
[26] Saaty Thomas L. Decision Making for Leader: The Ana1ytic Hierarchy Process for Decision in A Complex world,rev.2nded.Pittsburgh: RWS Publ-cation,1990.
[27]刘鸿恩.改进的质量功能展开—(Ⅰ)理论框架[J].系统工程理论与实践.1996.7,(7):66-67.
[28]刘鸿恩,张列平,车阿大,等.改进的质量功能展开(Ⅱ)—系统方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,20(2):58～62.
[29]蔺麦田,曹岩.QFD中“质量屋”的系统开发及应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2008(2):12～14.
[30]穆瑞,张家泰.基于QFD的质量屋技术在冰箱设计中的应用[J].机械设计,2007,24(8):45～48.
[31]陈立周.机械优化设计方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2005.170.
[32]孙靖民.机械优化设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005,178.
[33]孙秀宁.机械优化设计[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.1991,161.
[34]崔华林.机械优化设计方法与应用[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社.1989,214.
[35]渐开线齿轮行星传动的设计与制造编委会.渐开线齿轮行星传动的设计与制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002,22.
[36]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004.
[37]饶振纲.行星齿轮传动设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2003,116.
[38]郭卫东.虚拟样机技术与ADAMS应用实例教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008:2.
[39]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002:4.
[40]郑建荣.ADAMS-虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[41]郭江霞.基于UG及ADAMS的新型机械无级变速器的建模及仿真分析[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[42]焦万铭.矿用汽车二级行星齿轮减速器可靠性优化设计[D].北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2007,17.
[43]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1996,390～396.
[44]刘混举.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2009.
[2]付骏铭.基于IS09000 2000版的质量管理体系研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[3]向模军.质量-功能-展开(QFD)理论的实践发展综述[J].科技咨询导报,2007(30):192～192.
[4]李国奎.基于质量功能配置的质量特征并行优化模型研究[D].西华大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[5]林志航,车阿大.质量功能配置研究现状及进展—兼谈对我国QFD研究与应用的看法[J].机械科学与技术.1998,17(1):119～121.
[6] J.R.Hauser & D.Clausing. The House of Quality Harvard Business Review.May-June ,1988: 63～73.
[7]潘雪增.并行工程原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1997.
[8]刘鸿恩.改进的质量功能展开[J].系统工程理论方法应用.1995,14(4):49～53.
[9]马健,唐晓青,李军.质量功能配置软件工具中的模糊处理[J].航空学报.1997,18(6):698～702.
[10]宋慈军,林志航.墓于域结构模板的机械产品概念设计方案生成[J].机械工程学报.2001第37卷第9期:24～29.
[11]穆瑞.基于公理化设计的质量功能配置研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2007,8.
[12]吴建琳.基于知识的质量功能配置系统的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008,7.
[13] Clausing.D.P.World-class Concurrent Engineering. Concurrent Engineering: Tools and Technologies for Mechanical System Design. 1992:43～50.
[14] Shin Jong-Seok. Complexity Reduction of a Design Problem in QPD for Concurrent Engineering.1998:55一6l.
[15] Gary S.Wasserman. Using Fuzzy Sets Theory to Derive an Overall Customer Satisfaction Index. The Fifth Symposium on QFD, Novi, Michigan,1993.
[16] Frew Betal. Quality Function Deployment-A System View. The fifth Symposium on QFD,Michigan,1993.
[17]日本机械学会编著.李茹贞,赵清慧译.齿轮强度设计资料.北京:机械工业出版社,1984
[18]周长江,唐进元,刘艳萍、刘江南.齿轮传动设计两种计算标准的比较研究[J].机械传动.2006,30(3):9.
[19]叶秉良,赵匀,俞高红,李革.拖拉机NGW型行星式最终传动多目标可靠性优化[J].农业工程学报, 2008年11月,第24卷第11期:89.
[20]王克奇,赵风雷.二级行星减速器多目标优化设计研究[J].通用机械.2006(6):93.
[21]何克祥.以体积最小为目标函数的圆柱齿轮传动优化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2009(7):90.
[22]王忠祥,郭宝恩.面向用户需求的减速器概念设计[J].天津科杖大学学报, 2005年9月,第20卷第3期:33.
[23]林志航.产品设计与制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[24]赵武张颖石贵龙.质量功能展开(QFD)研究综述[J].世界标准化与质量管理,2007,(4):56～60.
[25]王震明胡于进李成刚.质量功能配置及开发[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,2000,24(5):481～484.
[26] Saaty Thomas L. Decision Making for Leader: The Ana1ytic Hierarchy Process for Decision in A Complex world,rev.2nded.Pittsburgh: RWS Publ-cation,1990.
[27]刘鸿恩.改进的质量功能展开—(Ⅰ)理论框架[J].系统工程理论与实践.1996.7,(7):66-67.
[28]刘鸿恩,张列平,车阿大,等.改进的质量功能展开(Ⅱ)—系统方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,20(2):58～62.
[29]蔺麦田,曹岩.QFD中“质量屋”的系统开发及应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2008(2):12～14.
[30]穆瑞,张家泰.基于QFD的质量屋技术在冰箱设计中的应用[J].机械设计,2007,24(8):45～48.
[31]陈立周.机械优化设计方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2005.170.
[32]孙靖民.机械优化设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005,178.
[33]孙秀宁.机械优化设计[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.1991,161.
[34]崔华林.机械优化设计方法与应用[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社.1989,214.
[35]渐开线齿轮行星传动的设计与制造编委会.渐开线齿轮行星传动的设计与制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002,22.
[36]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004.
[37]饶振纲.行星齿轮传动设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2003,116.
[38]郭卫东.虚拟样机技术与ADAMS应用实例教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008:2.
[39]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002:4.
[40]郑建荣.ADAMS-虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[41]郭江霞.基于UG及ADAMS的新型机械无级变速器的建模及仿真分析[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[42]焦万铭.矿用汽车二级行星齿轮减速器可靠性优化设计[D].北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2007,17.
[43]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1996,390～396.
[44]刘混举.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2009.