GIS技术在土地开发整理项目辅助规划中的应用研究
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摘要
土地整理是按照土地利用总体规划,对田、水、路、林、村综合整治,提高耕地质量,增加有效耕地面积,改善农业生产条件和生态环境的途径。土地整理过程中涉及大量空间信息的获取、存储、分析、管理和应用。地理信息系统(简称GIS)以其科学管理和综合分析具有空间内涵的地理数据,以提供规划、管理、决策和研究所需要信息的独特优势,正广泛应用于土地整理辅助规划设计,可以有效提高土地整理项目规划的科学性、真实性和客观性。
本文在课题组已取得的科技成果和理论研究的基础上,对GIS在土地整理辅助规划中的应用进行更深入的研究。应用GIS组件技术,基于国产软件MAPGIS6.7提供的组件产品MAPGISSDK,在VC++环境下设计实现土地整理辅助规划管理系统MAPSTAR,本系统包含:数据查询、图形编辑、图库管理、图层管理、空间分析、地图输出、属性管理七大功能模块,将土地整理辅助规划所用的GIS功能模块有效集成到一起。
分析比较土地整理适宜性评价和县域以上土地适宜性评价的不同,选取地形、土壤和基础条件方面有代表性和明显区分度的8个因素作为评价指标,建立了一套适合于土地整理适宜性评价的评价指标体系。采用层次分析法结合特尔斐法(即定性和定量结合的方法)确定评价指标权重,将数学中“加和法”用到指标权重计算中。最后用“加权和”模型计算评价单元的综合得分值,划分适宜性等级。
借助于辅助规划系统MAPSTAR,本文以贵州省云雾大坝土地整理项目为例对上述方法进行了实证研究。结果表明,MAPSTAR提高了项目运作的效率,在辅助规划中有效提高了规划的准确性、合理性、科学性。采用层次分析法和特尔斐法集合确定评价指标的权重,加强了评价过程的科学性和有效性,能充分体现各评价因子影响程度的大小。用“加权和”评价模型对评价单元综合分值进行计算时,能迅速完成项目区多达720个评价单元分值的计算,该评价模型具有准确、高效、科学的特点。
Land consolidation is the comprehensive rectification for the fields, the waters, the roads, the forests and the villages in accordance with the overall land use planning which is the way to improve the quality of farmland, to increase the effective area of arable land and to improve the agriculture production conditions and the ecological environment. The process of the land consolidation involves a large number of the spatial information for the acquisition, the storage, the analysis, the management and the application. By the unique advantage of the scientific management and the comprehensive spatial analysis for the spatial connotation geography data to provide the information needed for the planning, the management, the decision-making and the research, Geographic Information System (GIS) is widely used in the land consolidation assisted planning and design. It can effectively enhance the scientific nature, the authenticity and the objectivity in the planning for the land consolidation project.
On the basis of the scientific and technological results and the theoretical research obtained by the Group, this paper has made a more in-depth research of GIS in the application for the land consolidation assisted planning. By the application of GIS component technology and on the basis of the component product MAPGISSDK provided by the China-made software MAPGIS 6.7, the land consolidation assisted planning and design system MAPSTAR can be designed and realized under VC++ environment. The system includes the following seven functional modules—the data query, the graphics editing, the map storage management, the map layer management, the spatial analysis, the map output and the management of attribute data. GIS functional modules will be integrated effectively which is needed for the land consolidation assisted planning and design.
Compared the difference for the suitability evaluation between the land consolidation and the territory above the county and taken eight factors with the representitation and the obvious distinction on the aspect of the topography, the soil conditions and the basic requirement as the evaluation index system, the evaluation index system suiting for the land consolidation is established. The weight of evaluation indexes is determined by combining AHP (analysis hierarchy process) with Delphi method (i.e. the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods). By this way, the sum method in mathematics can be used in the calculation of the index weight. Finally, people calculate the synthesis score value of the evaluation unit by“the weight sum”module to divide the appropriviate grade.
With the support of the assisted design system MAPSTAR, this paper has conducted the empirical study taking the land consolidation project of Yunwu Dam in Guizhou Province as the example by the above-mentioned method. The result indicates that MAPSTAR raises the efficiency for the project’s operation and improves the accuracy, the rationality and the scientific nature in the assisted planning effectively. The usage of AHP and Delphi method to define the weight of the evaluation index strengthens the scientific nature and the validity in the evaluation progress and can fully manifest each evaluation factor’s influence degree. With the evaluation module“the weight sum”to calculate the synthesis score value for the evaluation unit, people can rapidly complete the calculation for more than 720 evaluation unit score in the project areas. This evaluation module has the characteristics of accuracy, high efficiency and scientific nature.
本文在课题组已取得的科技成果和理论研究的基础上,对GIS在土地整理辅助规划中的应用进行更深入的研究。应用GIS组件技术,基于国产软件MAPGIS6.7提供的组件产品MAPGISSDK,在VC++环境下设计实现土地整理辅助规划管理系统MAPSTAR,本系统包含:数据查询、图形编辑、图库管理、图层管理、空间分析、地图输出、属性管理七大功能模块,将土地整理辅助规划所用的GIS功能模块有效集成到一起。
分析比较土地整理适宜性评价和县域以上土地适宜性评价的不同,选取地形、土壤和基础条件方面有代表性和明显区分度的8个因素作为评价指标,建立了一套适合于土地整理适宜性评价的评价指标体系。采用层次分析法结合特尔斐法(即定性和定量结合的方法)确定评价指标权重,将数学中“加和法”用到指标权重计算中。最后用“加权和”模型计算评价单元的综合得分值,划分适宜性等级。
借助于辅助规划系统MAPSTAR,本文以贵州省云雾大坝土地整理项目为例对上述方法进行了实证研究。结果表明,MAPSTAR提高了项目运作的效率,在辅助规划中有效提高了规划的准确性、合理性、科学性。采用层次分析法和特尔斐法集合确定评价指标的权重,加强了评价过程的科学性和有效性,能充分体现各评价因子影响程度的大小。用“加权和”评价模型对评价单元综合分值进行计算时,能迅速完成项目区多达720个评价单元分值的计算,该评价模型具有准确、高效、科学的特点。
Land consolidation is the comprehensive rectification for the fields, the waters, the roads, the forests and the villages in accordance with the overall land use planning which is the way to improve the quality of farmland, to increase the effective area of arable land and to improve the agriculture production conditions and the ecological environment. The process of the land consolidation involves a large number of the spatial information for the acquisition, the storage, the analysis, the management and the application. By the unique advantage of the scientific management and the comprehensive spatial analysis for the spatial connotation geography data to provide the information needed for the planning, the management, the decision-making and the research, Geographic Information System (GIS) is widely used in the land consolidation assisted planning and design. It can effectively enhance the scientific nature, the authenticity and the objectivity in the planning for the land consolidation project.
On the basis of the scientific and technological results and the theoretical research obtained by the Group, this paper has made a more in-depth research of GIS in the application for the land consolidation assisted planning. By the application of GIS component technology and on the basis of the component product MAPGISSDK provided by the China-made software MAPGIS 6.7, the land consolidation assisted planning and design system MAPSTAR can be designed and realized under VC++ environment. The system includes the following seven functional modules—the data query, the graphics editing, the map storage management, the map layer management, the spatial analysis, the map output and the management of attribute data. GIS functional modules will be integrated effectively which is needed for the land consolidation assisted planning and design.
Compared the difference for the suitability evaluation between the land consolidation and the territory above the county and taken eight factors with the representitation and the obvious distinction on the aspect of the topography, the soil conditions and the basic requirement as the evaluation index system, the evaluation index system suiting for the land consolidation is established. The weight of evaluation indexes is determined by combining AHP (analysis hierarchy process) with Delphi method (i.e. the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods). By this way, the sum method in mathematics can be used in the calculation of the index weight. Finally, people calculate the synthesis score value of the evaluation unit by“the weight sum”module to divide the appropriviate grade.
With the support of the assisted design system MAPSTAR, this paper has conducted the empirical study taking the land consolidation project of Yunwu Dam in Guizhou Province as the example by the above-mentioned method. The result indicates that MAPSTAR raises the efficiency for the project’s operation and improves the accuracy, the rationality and the scientific nature in the assisted planning effectively. The usage of AHP and Delphi method to define the weight of the evaluation index strengthens the scientific nature and the validity in the evaluation progress and can fully manifest each evaluation factor’s influence degree. With the evaluation module“the weight sum”to calculate the synthesis score value for the evaluation unit, people can rapidly complete the calculation for more than 720 evaluation unit score in the project areas. This evaluation module has the characteristics of accuracy, high efficiency and scientific nature.
引文
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