3G网络视频流媒体服务系统的研究与实现
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摘要
随着3G通讯技术蓬勃发展,无线网络带宽迅速增长,以及移动终端运算能力的不断增强,使得移动终端可以获得传统有线网络视频服务,移动流媒体通讯技术成为了近年来网络技术发展的一个趋势和热点。端到端的包交换流媒体服务(Packet Switched Streaming Service, PSS)是一种定义在第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP)移动网络交互流媒体服务框架中的规范,它为在移动网络上实现流服务提供了标准。为了满足日益增长的移动流媒体服务需求,设计实现一个符合PSS技术规范的3G网络视频流媒体服务系统,具有较高的工程应用价值。
同传统流媒体服务相比,移动流媒体服务有其自身的特点,不但无线信道由于衰减、干扰等因素容易引起数据传输不稳定,而且移动用户终端也受到电池寿命、处理能力、缓存能力的限制,要求提供高压缩率、低复杂度视频编码,且传输可靠的流媒体系统。根据这些特点,参照PSS技术规范,研究设计了一个基于MPEG-4标准、RTP/RTCP协议的3G网络视频流媒体服务系统。通过对MPEG-4标准及RTP/RTCP协议原理的分析,针对移动网络复杂多变的传输信道,设计了一个多速率编码方案,它采用XviD编解码库,在适合流媒体处理的DirectShow平台上进行开发。而RTP/RTCP协议栈的实现则是以LIVE555流媒体库作为开发原型,并进行适当修改。另外,对于移动网络中普遍存在的防火墙,设计实现了一种利用UDP穿透包进行内网穿透的解决方案,取得了较好的效果。
在现有2.5G移动GPRS(Gerneral Packer Radio Service)数据传输网以及Internet网上的测试结果表明,实现的流媒体服务系统具有一定的网络环境自适应性,服务性能较好、稳定可靠,可以满足不同移动网络环境下用户的流服务需求。
With the fast development of 3G communication technology, the rapid increase of wireless network' bandwidth and mobile terminals' computational capability, traditional wired network video services are available on mobile terminals now, therefor mobile streaming media communication technology has become a trend and hot spot in the study of network technology. PSS which is defined in 3GPP mobile interactive media service framework provides a standard for streaming services in Mobile Network. By the increaseing requirement for mobile streaming service, a 3G network video streaming media service system is needed, which has profound influence in software engineering and application.
Different from the traditional streaming media services, mobile network streaming media services are subject to many restrictions, not only the unstable data transmission in wireless channel cause by attenuation and interference, but also battery life, process capacity and buffer capacity constraints in mobile terminals. According to these features, a 3G network video streaming media services system has been designed based on the MPEG-4 standard, RTP/RTCP protocol and PSS technical specification. To solve the problem caused by the complex and ever-changing mobile network transmission channel, MPEG-4 standard and RTP/RTCP protocol have been studied, a multi-rate coding scheme has been proposed. Then, the Xvid encodec lib, modified LIVE555 streaming media lib and DirectShow platform have been adopted to implement the system. In addition, to penetrate the firewall used in mobile networks, a network penetration solution has been designed by utilizing UDP penetration packet.
Experiments on the GPRS network and Internet are conducted to evaluate and compare different techniques. Results suggest that the 3G network video streaming media service system achieves good network adaptability, superior performance, stability and reliability. This system can satisfy the streaming media service requirement from different users in mobile network environment.
同传统流媒体服务相比,移动流媒体服务有其自身的特点,不但无线信道由于衰减、干扰等因素容易引起数据传输不稳定,而且移动用户终端也受到电池寿命、处理能力、缓存能力的限制,要求提供高压缩率、低复杂度视频编码,且传输可靠的流媒体系统。根据这些特点,参照PSS技术规范,研究设计了一个基于MPEG-4标准、RTP/RTCP协议的3G网络视频流媒体服务系统。通过对MPEG-4标准及RTP/RTCP协议原理的分析,针对移动网络复杂多变的传输信道,设计了一个多速率编码方案,它采用XviD编解码库,在适合流媒体处理的DirectShow平台上进行开发。而RTP/RTCP协议栈的实现则是以LIVE555流媒体库作为开发原型,并进行适当修改。另外,对于移动网络中普遍存在的防火墙,设计实现了一种利用UDP穿透包进行内网穿透的解决方案,取得了较好的效果。
在现有2.5G移动GPRS(Gerneral Packer Radio Service)数据传输网以及Internet网上的测试结果表明,实现的流媒体服务系统具有一定的网络环境自适应性,服务性能较好、稳定可靠,可以满足不同移动网络环境下用户的流服务需求。
With the fast development of 3G communication technology, the rapid increase of wireless network' bandwidth and mobile terminals' computational capability, traditional wired network video services are available on mobile terminals now, therefor mobile streaming media communication technology has become a trend and hot spot in the study of network technology. PSS which is defined in 3GPP mobile interactive media service framework provides a standard for streaming services in Mobile Network. By the increaseing requirement for mobile streaming service, a 3G network video streaming media service system is needed, which has profound influence in software engineering and application.
Different from the traditional streaming media services, mobile network streaming media services are subject to many restrictions, not only the unstable data transmission in wireless channel cause by attenuation and interference, but also battery life, process capacity and buffer capacity constraints in mobile terminals. According to these features, a 3G network video streaming media services system has been designed based on the MPEG-4 standard, RTP/RTCP protocol and PSS technical specification. To solve the problem caused by the complex and ever-changing mobile network transmission channel, MPEG-4 standard and RTP/RTCP protocol have been studied, a multi-rate coding scheme has been proposed. Then, the Xvid encodec lib, modified LIVE555 streaming media lib and DirectShow platform have been adopted to implement the system. In addition, to penetrate the firewall used in mobile networks, a network penetration solution has been designed by utilizing UDP penetration packet.
Experiments on the GPRS network and Internet are conducted to evaluate and compare different techniques. Results suggest that the 3G network video streaming media service system achieves good network adaptability, superior performance, stability and reliability. This system can satisfy the streaming media service requirement from different users in mobile network environment.
引文
[1]张鲲.网络中流媒体关键技术研究.中国数据通信, 2004(1): 90
[2]王志勤. UMTS网络的发展趋势.中兴通讯, 2002, 1: 5~6
[3]刁兆坤.移动流媒体技术与典型应用.中国多媒体视讯, 2005, 10: 55~56
[4]李相周.移动流媒体技术及其在3G移动通信中的应用.通信世界, 2006, 5: 46~47
[5] 3GPP TS 22.233: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service: Stage1. 2003
[6] 3GPP TS 26.233: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service(PSS): General description. 2003
[7] 3GPP TS 26.234: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service(PSS): Protocols and codecs. 2003
[8] 3GPP TS 26.244: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service(PSS): 3GPPfile format(3GP). 2003
[9]黄微萃,李毅,李鹏飞等. UMTS移动流媒体传输码率适配技术.广东通讯技术, 2006, 9: 37~39
[10]贾振堂,韩艳芳.基于3G电路域的移动流媒体系统及其性能分析.小型微型计算机系统, 2005, 26(12): 2115
[11]卓力.无线环境下图像/视频流编码与传输技术研究: [博士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学, 2004.
[12] Dr.Pesari. Packet Switched Streaming White Paper. TeliaSonera Finland, MediaLab, 2003. 1~4
[13]雷正雄,朱晓民,廖建新.流媒体在WCDMA网中的应用研究.计算机应用研究, 2006, 7: 196
[14]黄颖.基于DirectShow的视频播放系统研究与实现: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2006.
[15] H.Schularinne, S.L.Casneretal. RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications. Internet draft, IETF RFC 1889, Feb. 1999
[16] H.Schularinne. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control. Internet draft, IETF RFC 1890, Feb. 1999
[17]高科,刘心松,詹骥.互联网中基于MPEG-4流媒体播放的研究.电子科技大学学报, 2006, 35(3): 381
[18]黄家传,王福豹,段渭军. MPEG24的RTP封装技术及其应用.计算机应用研究, 2005, 8: 158
[19] Dr.Jonathan P.Castro. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology. 1 edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004. 107~125
[20] R. Lanphier. RTSP:Real-Time Streaming Protocol. Internet draft, IETF RFC 2326, April. 1998
[21]周敬利,张超,余胜生等.一种基于RTP的多媒体业务质量控制算法.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30(9): 18~19
[22] Jeffrey Richter. Programming Applications for Microsoft Windows. fourth edition. Washington: Microsoft Press. 2000. 409~410
[23] ISO/IEC 11172-2: Information Technology-Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media upto about 1.5Mbit/s-Part2: Video. 1991
[24] ISO/IEC 13818-2: Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part2: Video. 1995
[25] Reza Rejaie, Amy Reibman. Design Issues for Layered Quality2 adaptive Internet Video Playback. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Digital Communications, Taormina , Italy. 2001. 15~17
[26]周敬利,李晶,余胜生等.多媒体数据跨网关传输的设计与实现.计算机工程, 2004, 30(8): 170
[27]高建水,陈耀武,李岚岚.基于RTSP协议的视频点播系统设计.电子器件, 2006, 29(4): 1143~1145
[28] M. Handley. SDP:Session Description Protocol. Internet draft, IETF RFC 2327, April.1998
[29]章民融,徐亚锋.基于RTSP的流媒体视频服务器的设计与实现.计算机应用与软件, 2006, 23(7): 93~94
[30] Tdoc S4-030562: PSS Quality Metrics Permanet Document version 0.04. Draft Rel-6. 2003
[31]李斌,李论. MPEG1-MPEG7的分析与评价.电视技术, 2001, 1(2): 35~39
[32]刁红军,郑翔.实现多媒体内容网络处理的相关技术综述.计算机工程与应用, 2004, 25:1
[33] ISO/IEC 14496: Information technology-Coding of audio-visual objects-Part1: Systems, Part2: Visual, Part4: Conformance testing, Part5: Reference software, Part6: DMIF, Part7: Optimised Reference Software for Coding of Audio-Visual Objects. 2001
[34]计文平,郭宝龙,丁贵广.新一代视频压缩编码国际标准的研究.计算机应用与软件, 2004, 21(2): 60~62
[35]张晓芸,宋建社,郑永安.视频编码技术研究进展.计算机工程, 2004, 30(14): 4
[36]李洪峻,马宏绪.一种基于Linux的MPEG-4算法实现.计算机应用与软件, 2006, 23(2): 99
[37] Rob Koenen. Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard. Australia, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3444, 2000. 13~26
[38] ITU-T Recommendation H.263 Version 2,“Video coding for low bitrate communication”, Jan. 1998
[39] Michael Blome, Mike Wasson. Core Media Technology in Windows XP Empowers You to Create Custom Audio/Video Processing Components. MSDN Magazine, 2002
[40]陆其明. DirectShow开发指南.第一版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2003. 15~46
[41]陆其明. DirectShow实务精选.第一版.北京:北京科海出版社, 2004. 187~232
[42]戴中华.流媒体服务器中端到端服务质量的研究: [硕士学位论文].南京:南京邮电学院, 2005.
[2]王志勤. UMTS网络的发展趋势.中兴通讯, 2002, 1: 5~6
[3]刁兆坤.移动流媒体技术与典型应用.中国多媒体视讯, 2005, 10: 55~56
[4]李相周.移动流媒体技术及其在3G移动通信中的应用.通信世界, 2006, 5: 46~47
[5] 3GPP TS 22.233: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service: Stage1. 2003
[6] 3GPP TS 26.233: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service(PSS): General description. 2003
[7] 3GPP TS 26.234: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service(PSS): Protocols and codecs. 2003
[8] 3GPP TS 26.244: Transparent End-to-End Packet-Switched Streaming Service(PSS): 3GPPfile format(3GP). 2003
[9]黄微萃,李毅,李鹏飞等. UMTS移动流媒体传输码率适配技术.广东通讯技术, 2006, 9: 37~39
[10]贾振堂,韩艳芳.基于3G电路域的移动流媒体系统及其性能分析.小型微型计算机系统, 2005, 26(12): 2115
[11]卓力.无线环境下图像/视频流编码与传输技术研究: [博士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学, 2004.
[12] Dr.Pesari. Packet Switched Streaming White Paper. TeliaSonera Finland, MediaLab, 2003. 1~4
[13]雷正雄,朱晓民,廖建新.流媒体在WCDMA网中的应用研究.计算机应用研究, 2006, 7: 196
[14]黄颖.基于DirectShow的视频播放系统研究与实现: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2006.
[15] H.Schularinne, S.L.Casneretal. RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications. Internet draft, IETF RFC 1889, Feb. 1999
[16] H.Schularinne. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control. Internet draft, IETF RFC 1890, Feb. 1999
[17]高科,刘心松,詹骥.互联网中基于MPEG-4流媒体播放的研究.电子科技大学学报, 2006, 35(3): 381
[18]黄家传,王福豹,段渭军. MPEG24的RTP封装技术及其应用.计算机应用研究, 2005, 8: 158
[19] Dr.Jonathan P.Castro. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology. 1 edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004. 107~125
[20] R. Lanphier. RTSP:Real-Time Streaming Protocol. Internet draft, IETF RFC 2326, April. 1998
[21]周敬利,张超,余胜生等.一种基于RTP的多媒体业务质量控制算法.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30(9): 18~19
[22] Jeffrey Richter. Programming Applications for Microsoft Windows. fourth edition. Washington: Microsoft Press. 2000. 409~410
[23] ISO/IEC 11172-2: Information Technology-Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media upto about 1.5Mbit/s-Part2: Video. 1991
[24] ISO/IEC 13818-2: Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part2: Video. 1995
[25] Reza Rejaie, Amy Reibman. Design Issues for Layered Quality2 adaptive Internet Video Playback. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Digital Communications, Taormina , Italy. 2001. 15~17
[26]周敬利,李晶,余胜生等.多媒体数据跨网关传输的设计与实现.计算机工程, 2004, 30(8): 170
[27]高建水,陈耀武,李岚岚.基于RTSP协议的视频点播系统设计.电子器件, 2006, 29(4): 1143~1145
[28] M. Handley. SDP:Session Description Protocol. Internet draft, IETF RFC 2327, April.1998
[29]章民融,徐亚锋.基于RTSP的流媒体视频服务器的设计与实现.计算机应用与软件, 2006, 23(7): 93~94
[30] Tdoc S4-030562: PSS Quality Metrics Permanet Document version 0.04. Draft Rel-6. 2003
[31]李斌,李论. MPEG1-MPEG7的分析与评价.电视技术, 2001, 1(2): 35~39
[32]刁红军,郑翔.实现多媒体内容网络处理的相关技术综述.计算机工程与应用, 2004, 25:1
[33] ISO/IEC 14496: Information technology-Coding of audio-visual objects-Part1: Systems, Part2: Visual, Part4: Conformance testing, Part5: Reference software, Part6: DMIF, Part7: Optimised Reference Software for Coding of Audio-Visual Objects. 2001
[34]计文平,郭宝龙,丁贵广.新一代视频压缩编码国际标准的研究.计算机应用与软件, 2004, 21(2): 60~62
[35]张晓芸,宋建社,郑永安.视频编码技术研究进展.计算机工程, 2004, 30(14): 4
[36]李洪峻,马宏绪.一种基于Linux的MPEG-4算法实现.计算机应用与软件, 2006, 23(2): 99
[37] Rob Koenen. Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard. Australia, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3444, 2000. 13~26
[38] ITU-T Recommendation H.263 Version 2,“Video coding for low bitrate communication”, Jan. 1998
[39] Michael Blome, Mike Wasson. Core Media Technology in Windows XP Empowers You to Create Custom Audio/Video Processing Components. MSDN Magazine, 2002
[40]陆其明. DirectShow开发指南.第一版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2003. 15~46
[41]陆其明. DirectShow实务精选.第一版.北京:北京科海出版社, 2004. 187~232
[42]戴中华.流媒体服务器中端到端服务质量的研究: [硕士学位论文].南京:南京邮电学院, 2005.