浊点萃取虾肉中孔雀石绿的分析方法研究
|
摘要
孔雀石绿、结晶紫等属三苯甲烷类化学物质,许多国家曾将其作为水产养殖业的杀菌剂,用于控制鱼和鱼苗真菌的生长,控制高发的水霉病、原虫病等。但是,孔雀石绿等进入人类或动物机体后,可产生致癌、致畸、致突变等副作用,因此,近年来水产品的国际商贸中,孔雀石绿、结晶紫属类药物成为必检并限制极严的一项指标。测定水产品中孔雀石绿等的方法有多种,其中常见的方法有：液相色谱法、液质联用法和气质联用法等。目前上述方法前处理都较复杂,并且因为水产品种类繁多,基体复杂,对实验条件要求苛刻,因此建立一种简捷测定孔雀石绿染料的分析方法,并应用于实际,具有十分重要的现实意义。
本论文共分两个部分：
第一部分：本部分描述了一种设计孔雀石绿浊点萃取过程的系统方法,实验目的是计算在染料萃取操作条件下(温度和染料浓度一定)所使用的表面活性剂系列的浓度。在设计计算过程中,本系统讨论了以下几个参数：(1)一定温度下,染料在含有表面活性剂的溶液中的吸附等温线参数；(2)一定温度下,随着表面活性剂和染料的浓度变化,凝聚相体积和稀释相浓度的变化。由聚乙二醇(PEG)系列表面活性剂和孔雀石绿染料组成的实验系统,而这种浊点萃取的过程是可以采用兰谬尔吸附等温式来处理的,故实验数据采用兰谬尔吸附等温式来处理。不同的参数随表面活性剂系列的不同显示出规律性。利用该实验设计方法,我们得出,当染料理论吸附率是90%时,PEG系列各表面活性剂所需要加入的浓度。我们把此方法用于水样和虾样的检测验证,结果满意。
第二部分：本部分研究了利用浊点萃取方法富集虾肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫,建立了用高效液相色谱(二极管阵列检测器)同时测定虾肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留的方法。研究了表面活性剂、盐、平衡时间及平衡温度对浊点萃取效率的影响。该分析方法应用于虾中两种物质的残留分析。在虾肉中分别添加三个不同浓度的孔雀石绿和结晶紫,添加回收率范围分别为75.5-80.2%(孔雀石绿)和81.4-89.6%(结晶紫),相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.3-3.1%(孔雀石绿)和1.5-3.3%(结晶紫)。该方法的检测限分别为孔雀石绿2.0μg kg-1、结晶紫1.0μg kg-1,可满足我国和欧盟对虾肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫的检测要求。
Malachite green (MG) and Crystal violet (CV) are triphenylmethane dyes, which was used as a fungicide in aquaculture because it can effectively control gillrot and some other diseases caused by helminthes. Being cheap and easy available, it was widely used in aquaculture industry. Malachite green when discharged into receiving streams will affect the aquatic life and causes detrimental effects in liver, gill, kidney, intestine, gonads and pituitary gonadotrophic cells. In recent years, however, as much more attention has been paid to food safety and sanitation by international community, and many negative effects have been disclosed, such as high residual, great toxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenesis and so on, Malachite green has been exciting extensive solicitude of the public. Determination of Malachite green and Crystal violet is a must in today's international trade.
The chief ways to determinate Malachite green are:HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS. All the above ways need complicated pretreatment. In addition, the wide varieties of aquatic products make the experiment conditions more harshly. Thus, it has very important realistic significance to develop a simple method for the determination of malachite green and apply to practice.
The thesis includes two parts:
In chapter I:
A systematic method is outlined to design Cloud point extraction process. The aim is to calculate the concentration of non-ionic surfactant required for a desired extraction of dye at various operating conditions (feed dye concentration and temperature). In the course of design calculations, information about the following two characteristics of this system are required:(1) the adsorption isotherm of the dye in the surfactant solution at various operating temperature and (2) quantification of the variation of the fractional coacervate phase volume with the feed surfactant, dye concentration and the operating temperature. In case of PEGs and the dye system (Malachite green), a Langmuir type adsorption isotherm is fitted using the experimental data. Correlations are developed for the variation of isotherm parameters with temperature. From the experimental data, the variations of m and n with feed dye concentration and temperature are evaluated. Using the developed correlations and proposed design method, we also calculated the optimal PEG concentrations for MG recovery of 90%and tested the reliability of the proposed procedure to real samples. The developed method will be of immense help for scale up of cloud point extraction process.
In chapter II:
A cloud point extraction (CPE) method was used to separate and concentrate malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) in shrimp samples followed by HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD) analysis was developed. The effects of surfactant, salt additive, equilibration time and the equilibration temperature on extraction efficiency were studied. The method was applied to determine residues in shrimp samples. Under optimum conditions, recoveries of spiked shrimp sample, relative standard deviations (RSD) and the limit of detection (LOD) of MG and CV were 75.5-80.2%,2.3-3.1%and 2ug kg-1 and 81.4-89.6%,1.5-3.3%and 1μg kg-1, respectively. The results obtained by the proposed method were suitable for the requirements of China and EU.
本论文共分两个部分：
第一部分：本部分描述了一种设计孔雀石绿浊点萃取过程的系统方法,实验目的是计算在染料萃取操作条件下(温度和染料浓度一定)所使用的表面活性剂系列的浓度。在设计计算过程中,本系统讨论了以下几个参数：(1)一定温度下,染料在含有表面活性剂的溶液中的吸附等温线参数；(2)一定温度下,随着表面活性剂和染料的浓度变化,凝聚相体积和稀释相浓度的变化。由聚乙二醇(PEG)系列表面活性剂和孔雀石绿染料组成的实验系统,而这种浊点萃取的过程是可以采用兰谬尔吸附等温式来处理的,故实验数据采用兰谬尔吸附等温式来处理。不同的参数随表面活性剂系列的不同显示出规律性。利用该实验设计方法,我们得出,当染料理论吸附率是90%时,PEG系列各表面活性剂所需要加入的浓度。我们把此方法用于水样和虾样的检测验证,结果满意。
第二部分：本部分研究了利用浊点萃取方法富集虾肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫,建立了用高效液相色谱(二极管阵列检测器)同时测定虾肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留的方法。研究了表面活性剂、盐、平衡时间及平衡温度对浊点萃取效率的影响。该分析方法应用于虾中两种物质的残留分析。在虾肉中分别添加三个不同浓度的孔雀石绿和结晶紫,添加回收率范围分别为75.5-80.2%(孔雀石绿)和81.4-89.6%(结晶紫),相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.3-3.1%(孔雀石绿)和1.5-3.3%(结晶紫)。该方法的检测限分别为孔雀石绿2.0μg kg-1、结晶紫1.0μg kg-1,可满足我国和欧盟对虾肉中孔雀石绿和结晶紫的检测要求。
Malachite green (MG) and Crystal violet (CV) are triphenylmethane dyes, which was used as a fungicide in aquaculture because it can effectively control gillrot and some other diseases caused by helminthes. Being cheap and easy available, it was widely used in aquaculture industry. Malachite green when discharged into receiving streams will affect the aquatic life and causes detrimental effects in liver, gill, kidney, intestine, gonads and pituitary gonadotrophic cells. In recent years, however, as much more attention has been paid to food safety and sanitation by international community, and many negative effects have been disclosed, such as high residual, great toxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenesis and so on, Malachite green has been exciting extensive solicitude of the public. Determination of Malachite green and Crystal violet is a must in today's international trade.
The chief ways to determinate Malachite green are:HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS. All the above ways need complicated pretreatment. In addition, the wide varieties of aquatic products make the experiment conditions more harshly. Thus, it has very important realistic significance to develop a simple method for the determination of malachite green and apply to practice.
The thesis includes two parts:
In chapter I:
A systematic method is outlined to design Cloud point extraction process. The aim is to calculate the concentration of non-ionic surfactant required for a desired extraction of dye at various operating conditions (feed dye concentration and temperature). In the course of design calculations, information about the following two characteristics of this system are required:(1) the adsorption isotherm of the dye in the surfactant solution at various operating temperature and (2) quantification of the variation of the fractional coacervate phase volume with the feed surfactant, dye concentration and the operating temperature. In case of PEGs and the dye system (Malachite green), a Langmuir type adsorption isotherm is fitted using the experimental data. Correlations are developed for the variation of isotherm parameters with temperature. From the experimental data, the variations of m and n with feed dye concentration and temperature are evaluated. Using the developed correlations and proposed design method, we also calculated the optimal PEG concentrations for MG recovery of 90%and tested the reliability of the proposed procedure to real samples. The developed method will be of immense help for scale up of cloud point extraction process.
In chapter II:
A cloud point extraction (CPE) method was used to separate and concentrate malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) in shrimp samples followed by HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD) analysis was developed. The effects of surfactant, salt additive, equilibration time and the equilibration temperature on extraction efficiency were studied. The method was applied to determine residues in shrimp samples. Under optimum conditions, recoveries of spiked shrimp sample, relative standard deviations (RSD) and the limit of detection (LOD) of MG and CV were 75.5-80.2%,2.3-3.1%and 2ug kg-1 and 81.4-89.6%,1.5-3.3%and 1μg kg-1, respectively. The results obtained by the proposed method were suitable for the requirements of China and EU.
引文
[1]Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.Journal of the American Chemical Society 1916;38:2221-95.
[2]Shivaji Srivastava, Ranjana Sinha, Roy, D. Toxicological effects of malachite green [J], Aquatic Toxicology,2004,66:319-329
[3]Schnick, R. A. The impetus to register new therapeutants for aquaculture [J], Prog. Fish-Cult, 1988,50:190-196
[4]Gouranchat,C. Malachite green in fish culture (State of the art and perspectives).Bibliographic Studies. Ecole Natl. Veterinaire ENVT, Nantes, France,2000,142
[5]Culp, S. J., and Beland, F. A. Malachite green:A toxicological review [J]. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol, 1996,15:219-238
[6]Chang-Jun, Daniel. R. D., and Carl, E. C. Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans [J]. Appl. Envioron. Microb,2001,67 (9):4358-4360
[7]Kim-Chung Lee, J ian-LinWu, Zongwei Cai. Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in edible goldfish muscle by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2006,843:247～251
[1]邱绪建,林洪,江洁.渔药孔雀石绿及其关联化合物检测方法研究进展[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(2)：92-96
[2]Sundarrajan, M, Fernandis, A., Subrahmanyam, etal. Overexpression of G1/S cyclins and PCNA and their relationship to tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during tumor promotion by metanil yellow and malachite green. Toxicology Letters.2000.116:119-130
[3]Keyl H G, Werth G. Stoukfurver and erungan chromosomen durch malachitgrun [J]. Naturwissenschaften,1959,46:453-454
[4]Meyer F P, Jorgensen T A.Teratological and other effects of malachite green on the development of rainbow trout and rabbits [J].Trans Am Fish Soc,1983,112 (6):818-824
[5]Werth G. Die erzeugung von storungen im erbgefuge und von tumoren durch experimentelle gewebsanoxie [J].Arzn Forsch,1958,8:725-744
[6]Srivastava A K, RoyD, Sinha R, SinghN D. Dyes induced changes in the haematological parameters of a freshwater catfish, Heteropneutes fossilis[J].Ecol Environ Conserv,1996 (2):155-158
[7]Shivaji Srivastava, Ranjana Sinha, D Roy. Toxicological effects of malachite green [J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2004,66:319-329
[8]Schoettger R A.Toxicology of thiodan in several fish and aquatic invertebrates [J]. US Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Series Report,1970:31
[9]Fessard V., Godard T., Huet, S., etal. Mutagenicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in vitro tests. J. Appl. Toxicol.1999.19 (6):421-430
[10]Culp, S. J., Blankenship, L. R., Kusewitt, D. F., Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during shortterm feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Chem. Biol. Interact.1999,122 (3):153-170
[11]Wert h, G, Boiteaux, A. The toxicity of the triphenylmet hane dyestuff malachite green, as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Arch. fur. Toxicol.1958,23:82-103
[12]Rao, K. V. K. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green:A new liver tumor promoter. Toxicol.Lett.1995,81 (223):107-113
[13]Bergwerff Aldert, A., Scherpenisse, P. Determination of residues of malachite green in aquatic animals. J. Chromatography B,2003,78:351-359
[14]Plakas S. M., El Said K. R., Stehly G. R.,etal. Optimization of a liquid chromatographic met hod for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues. J. AOAC.1995,78:1388-1394
[15]邱绪建,林洪,王联珠,等孔雀石绿及其代谢物无色孔雀石绿在鲫鱼肌肉中的代谢规律[J].中
国海洋大学学报,2006,36(5)：745-748
[16]Roybal J E,Denver C O, PfenningA P, et al. Determination of malachite green and its metabolite, leucomalachite green in catfish tissue by liquid chromatography with visible detection[J]. J AOAC.1995,78:453-457
[17]KamilaMitrowsk, Andrzej Posyniak, Jan Zmudzki. The effects of cooking on residues of malachite green and leucomalachite green in carp muscles [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,586:420-425
[18]刘军,胡华军,等.渔药孔雀石绿的毒性、危害和检测现状[J].浙江农业学报,2006(5)：397-340
[19]龚朋飞.孔雀石绿单克隆抗体的制备及其检测试剂盒的初步研制[D].硕士论文,2005,61
[20]Geraldine Dowling, Patrick P J, Mulder. Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid choromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,586:411-419
[21]丁涛,等.高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(Finnig TSQ Quantum)测定鳗鱼中孔雀石绿、隐性孔雀石绿残留量[J],现代科学仪器,2006(1)：27-29
[22]Halme K. Determination of malachite green residues in rainbow trout muscle with liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Food Addit Contain,2004,21 (7):641-648
[23]Doerge D R. Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1,1998,12 (21):1625-1634
[24]Edelhaeuser, M., and Klein, E. Determination of malachite green residues in food fish. Deut sche Lebensmittel-Rundschau.1986,12:386-389
[25]Safarik, I., and Kova, M. Detection of low concentrations of malachite green and crystal violet in water. Water Research,2000,36:196-200
[26]严浩英,鲁长毫.高效液相色谱法测定全小麦和面粉中麦草灵除草剂残留量[J].中国公共卫生,1995,11(9)：422～423.
[27]谢文明,范志先,张玲金,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定土壤及水中莠去津[J].岩矿测试,2003,22(2)：93～97.
[28]刘长武,刘潇威,翟广书,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜、水果中的氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂及其代谢物残留[J].色谱,2003,21(3)：255～257.
[29]邱丰和,崔珂,罗毅,等.固相萃取结合毛细管气相色谱法分析血浆中5中氨基甲酸酯[J].色谱,1996,14(4)：264～266.
[30]时亮,王丽.用固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定烟草中氨基甲酸酯农药残留量[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2000,6(1)：49～51.
[31]申进朝,邵学广.浊点萃取技术及其在有机化合物分离分析中的应用[J].化学进展,2006,18(4)：482-487.
[32]赵玉娥,杨丙雨.析相萃取在贵金属分离富集中的应用[J].黄金,2005,26(7)：42-46.
[33]马岳,黄骏雄.浊点萃取在环境化学方面的应用[J].上海环境科学,2000,19(7)：319-325.
[34]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1991：35.
[35]赵国玺.表面活性剂作用原理[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2003：38.
[36]杭州大学化学系分析化学教研室.分析化学手册,第二分册：化学分析[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997：259.
[37]张晓光,张高勇,董金凤等.添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响[J].日用化学工业,2002,32(4)：7-10
[38]蒋萍初,田亮.非离子表面活性剂浊点的测点及其影响因素的研究[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,24(1)：43-49
[39]程兰征,陈鸿贤,韩宝华.简明界面化学[M].大连：大连工学院出版社,1988,226
[40]马岳,黄骏雄.浊点萃取在环境化学方面的应用[J].上海环境科学,2000,19(7)：319
[41]Watanate H, H Tanaka.1978,25:585
[42]Anna Tang, Dongqing Jiang, Xiuping Yan. Cloud point extraction preconcentration for capillary electrophoresis of metal ions [J]. Analytica ChimicaActa,2004,507(2):203-208.
[43]Anna Tang, Dongqing Jiang, Yan Jiang, etal.Cloud point extraction for high-performance liquid chromatographic speciation of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1036(2):183-188
[44]Paleologos, E.K.; Koupparis, M. A.; Karayannis, M. I. Nonaqueous Catalytic Fluorometric Trace Determination of Vanadium Based on the Pyronine B-Hydrogen Peroxide Reaction and Flow Injection after Cloud Point Extraction [J].Anal.Chem.,2001,73(18):4428-4433.
[45]E.K. Paleologos, C. D.Stalikas, S.M. Tzouwara-Karayanni, etal. Selective speciation of trace chromium through micelle-mediated preconcentration, coupled with micellar flow injection analysis-spectrofluorimetry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,436(1):49-57.
[46]Ahad Bavili Tabrizi. Cloud point extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium and zinc in foodstuffs and water samples [J]. Food Chemistry,2007,100(4):1698-1703.
[47]Gabor Komaromy-Hiller, et al. Decontamination of oil-polluted soil by cloud point extraction [J]. Talanta,1995,42:83～88.
[48]Stangl G, et al. Increased sensitivity and selectivity of the determination of atrazine by use of non-ionic surfactants [J]. Fresenius J.Anal.Chem.,1995,351:301～304.
[49]Carmelo Garcia Pinto, et al. Cloud point preconcentration and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides with dual electrochemical detection [J]. Anal.Chem.,1995,67:2606-2612.
[50]C.Padron Sanz, R.Halko, Z.Sosa, et.al. Micellar extraction of organophosphorus pesticides and their determination by liquid chromatography [J]. Anal. Chimi.Acta.,2004,524:265～270.
[51]Carabias.M R., Rodriguez.G E., Dominguez.A J., et al. Prediction of the behaviour of organic pollutants using cloud point extraction[J]. Chromatogr A,2003,1005:23-24.
[52]Radoslav Halko, Milan Hutta. Study of high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of selected herbicides by hydro-methanolic and micellar liquid chromatography using Genapol X-080 non-ionic surfactants as mobile phase constituent [J]. Anal.Chimi.Acta.2002,466:325～333.
[53]Carabias.M R., Rodriguez.G E., Garcia.J.et al. Determiantion of the fungicides folpet, captan and capafol by cloud-point preconcentration and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection [J]. ChromatogrA,1996,754:85～96.
[54]I Casero et al. Anal Chem,1999,71:4519
[55]D Sicilia, S Rubio,D Perez-Bendito Anionic surfactants in acid media:a new cloud point extraction approach for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples[J]. Anal.Chim.Acta.1999.392(1):29-38
[56]R Ferrer.J L Beltran, I Guiteras. Use of cloud point extraction methodology for the determination of PAHs priority pollutants in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and wavelength programming [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 1996 330(2,3):199-206.
[1]吸附作用应用原理,赵振国。北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[2]Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interfaces.Parfitt GD, Rochester C H. (Eds.) London: Academic Press,1983
[3]Adsorption of Inorganics at Solid/Liquid Interfaces. Anderson M A, Rubin A J. (Eds.). Michigan: Ann Arbor Sci. Publishers, Inc.,1981
[4]界面化学基础.朱王步瑶,赵振国.北京：化学工业出版社,1996
[5]Gu Tiren(顾惕人).Jinxi Huagong(精细化工),1987,4(1)：2
[6]Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.Journal of the American Chemical Society 1916;38:2221-95.
[7]Georges Guiochon. Fundaments of preparative and nonlinear chromatography. USA:Acad-emic Press,1994,109.
[8]Lee CK.Low KS and Liew Sl, et al. Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution by quatermzed rice husk. Environmental Technology,1999,20(9);971-978.
[9]Fu YZ, and Viraraghavan T. Removal of CI acid blue 29 from an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger. AATCC Review,2001, 1(1);36-40.
[10]Manju GN, Raji C and Anirudhan TS. Evaluation of coconut husk carbon for the removal of arsenic from water Water Research,1998,32(10);3062-3070.
[11]Lin TF and Wu JK. Adsorption of arsenite and arsenate within activated alumina grains; Equilibrium and kinetics. Water Research,2001,35(8):2049-2057.
[12]Singh DB, Prasad G and Rupamwar DC, et al. Arsenic(Ⅲ) removal from aqueous solution by adsorption. Water Air and Soil Pollution,1988,42(3-4);373-386.
[13]Altundogan H Soner, Altundogan Sema and Tumen Fikret, et al. Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on red mud.Waste Management,2000,20(8);761-767.
[14]Low KS and Lee CK. Chrome waste as sorbent for the removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution. Environmental Technology,1995,16(1);65-71.
[15]Namasivayam Chinnaiya and Srnthilkumar Sadasivam. Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution using industrial solid waste; adsorption rates and equilibnum studies. Industrial&Eagmeenng Chemistry Research,1998,37(12);4816-4822.
[16]Jossens L, Prausnitz JM and FritzW, et al. Thermodynamics of multi-solute adsorption from dilute aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Science,1978,33(8):1097-1106.
[17]Redbch O and Peterson DL. A useful adsorption isotherm. J Phys Chem.1959,63:1024.
[18]Hasany SM and Chaudhary MH. Sorption potential of hare river sand for the removal of antimony from acidic aqueous solution. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,1996,47(4):467-471.
[19]Shivaji Srivastava, Ranjana Sinha, Roy D. Toxicological effects of malachite green, Aquatic Toxicology,2004.66:319-329
[20]Hoffman, G. L., and Meyer, F. P. Parasites of Freshwater Fishes.New Jersey:TFH Publications.1974, Neptune
[21]Alderman, D. J. Malachite green:Review. J. Fish Dis,1985,8:289-298.
[22]Schnick, R. A. The impetus to register new therapeutants for aquaculture, Prog. Fish-Cult,1988, 50:190～196
[23]Fernandes, C., Lalitha, V. S., and Rao, V. K. Enhancing effects of malachite green on the development of hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats.Carcinogenesis,1991,12:839-845
[24]Rao, K. V. K. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green:A new liver tumor promoter. Toxicol.Lett.,1995.81 (2-3):107～113.
[25]Gouranchat, C. Malachite green in fish culture (State of the art and perspectives) 2000. Bibliographic Studies. Ecole Natl. Veterinaire ENVT,Nantes, France,142.
[26]Culp, S. J., and Beland, F. A. Malachite green:A toxicological review. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.1996,15:219-238.
[27]Chang-Jun, Daniel. R. D., and Carl, E. C. Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunning hamellae legans.Appl. Envioron.Microb.,2001.67 (9):4358-4360.
[28]Evangelos K. Paleologos, Dimosthenis L. Giokas, Miltiades I. Karayannis, Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction, Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2005,24(5):426-436
[29]In Solution Behaviour of Surfactants.Watanabe H. New York:Plenum Press,1982 (2):1305
[30]Hinze,W.L.In Ordered Media in Chemical Separations;Hinze,W.L, Armstrong,D.W, Eds;American Society; Washington.DC,1987;pp 48-55
[31]Pramauro,E.Ann.Chim.(Ital),1990,80,101
[32]Bordier,C. J.Bio,Chem.1991,256,1604
[33]Bouvier,T;Etges,R.J.;Bordier,C.J.Biol.Chem.1985,260,15504
[34]吸附作用应用原理,赵振国。北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[35]Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interfaces.Parfitt GD, Rochester C H. (Eds.) London:Academic Press,1983
[36]Adsorption of Inorganics at Solid/Liquid Interfaces. Anderson M A, Rubin A J. (Eds.). Michigan: Ann Arbor Sci. Publishers, Inc.,1981
[37]界面化学基础.朱王步瑶,赵振国.北京：化学工业出版社,1996
[38]Gu Tiren(顾惕人).Jinxi Huagong(精细化工),1987,4(1)：2
[39]Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquidsJournal of the American Chemical Society 1916;38:2221-95.
[40]M.K. Purkait, S. DasGupta, S. De, Performance of TX-100 and TX-114 for the separation of chrysoidine dye using cloud point extraction, Journal of Hazardous Materials B137 (2006) 827-835
[41]M.K. Purkait, S. DasGupta, S. De, Determination of design parameters for the cloud point extraction of congo red and eosin dyes using TX-100, Separation and Purification Technology 51 (2006) 137-142
[42]N. Pourreza, Sh. Elhami, Spectrophtometric determination of malachite green in fish farming water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-100,Anal. Chim. Acta.596 (2007) 62.
[43]J.H. Clint, Surfactant Aggregation, Blackie, Glasgow,1992, pp.154.
[44]Y.S. Ho, G McKay, Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat, Chem. Eng. J.70 (1998) 115.
[45]M.S. Chiou, H.Y. Li, Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of adsorption of reactive dye on cross-linked chitosan beads, J. Hazard. Mater. B93 (2002) 233.
[46]Giles C.H., MacEwan T.H., Nakhwa, D S.N.. Smith, Studies in adsorption.Part Ⅺ. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms,and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurements of specific surface areas of solids J. Chem. Soc.1960,10:3973-3993.
[47]K. Kandori, R. J. Megreevy, R. S. Schecher, Solubilization of phenol in polyethoxylated nonionic micelles, J. Colloid Interf. Sci.132 (1989) 395.
[48]C. Namasivayam, D. Kavitha, Dyes Pigments 2002,54:47.
[49]Z. Wang, F. Zhao, D. Li, Determination of solubilization of phenol at coacervate phase of cloud point extraction, Colloids Surf. A 216 (2003) 207.
[1]任秀莲,魏琦峰,程春萍,等.高效液相色谱测定虾中孔雀石绿结晶紫及其代谢物残留量的研究进展[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2007,17(1)：173-176
[2]Thompson H C J r, Rushing L G, Gehring T, et al. Persistence of gentian violet and leucogentian violet in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatatus) muscle after water-borne exposure[J]. J of Chromatography B,1999,723:287-291
[3]朱 蕾,对国家标准中高效液相色谱法测定孔雀石绿及隐色孔雀石绿的方法改进研究[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2007,1：15-16
[4]I. Safark, M. Safarkova. Detection of low concentrations of malachite green and crystal violet in water [J].Water Research,2002,36:196-200
[5]Bergwerff A A, Scherpenisse P. Determination of residues of malachite green in aquatic animals [J]. J of Chromatography B,2003,788:351-359
[6]Geraldine Dowling, Patrick P.J. Mulder. Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green,crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,586:411-419
[7]Farry L,Oxsp ring D A, SmythW F, etal. A study of the effects of injection mode on capillary stacking and off-line concentration on the cap illary electrophoresis limits of detection for four structural types of industrial dyes [J]. Analytica chimica Act,1997,349 (1-3):221
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB／T 20361-2006[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2006
[9]E. K. Paleologos, D. L. Giokas, M. I. Karayannis. Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction[J].Trends. Anal. Chem.2005,24:426-436
[10]A. Niazi, T. Momeni-Isfahani, Z. Ahmari. Spectrophotometric determination of mercury in water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-114[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials (2008),doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.091
[11]Marcelo Anselmo Oseas da Silva, Marco Aurelio Zezzi Arruda. An aqueous two-phase system as a strategy for serum albumin depletion[J]. Talanta,2009,77:985-990
[12]C. Padr on Sanz, R. Halko, Z. Sosa Ferrera. Micellar extraction of organophosphorus pesticides and their determination by liquid chromatography [J].Anal. Chim. Acta 2004,524:265-270
[13]Z.H. Shi, J.T. He, W.B. Chang. Micelle-mediated extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography [J].Talanta 2004,64:401-407
[14]GuiFang Jia, ChunGuang Lv, WenTao Zhu, et al. Applicability of cloud point extraction coupled with microwave-assisted back-extraction to the determination of organophosphorous pesticides in human urine by gas chromatography with flame photometry detection [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,159(2-3):300-305
[2]Shivaji Srivastava, Ranjana Sinha, Roy, D. Toxicological effects of malachite green [J], Aquatic Toxicology,2004,66:319-329
[3]Schnick, R. A. The impetus to register new therapeutants for aquaculture [J], Prog. Fish-Cult, 1988,50:190-196
[4]Gouranchat,C. Malachite green in fish culture (State of the art and perspectives).Bibliographic Studies. Ecole Natl. Veterinaire ENVT, Nantes, France,2000,142
[5]Culp, S. J., and Beland, F. A. Malachite green:A toxicological review [J]. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol, 1996,15:219-238
[6]Chang-Jun, Daniel. R. D., and Carl, E. C. Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans [J]. Appl. Envioron. Microb,2001,67 (9):4358-4360
[7]Kim-Chung Lee, J ian-LinWu, Zongwei Cai. Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in edible goldfish muscle by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2006,843:247～251
[1]邱绪建,林洪,江洁.渔药孔雀石绿及其关联化合物检测方法研究进展[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(2)：92-96
[2]Sundarrajan, M, Fernandis, A., Subrahmanyam, etal. Overexpression of G1/S cyclins and PCNA and their relationship to tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during tumor promotion by metanil yellow and malachite green. Toxicology Letters.2000.116:119-130
[3]Keyl H G, Werth G. Stoukfurver and erungan chromosomen durch malachitgrun [J]. Naturwissenschaften,1959,46:453-454
[4]Meyer F P, Jorgensen T A.Teratological and other effects of malachite green on the development of rainbow trout and rabbits [J].Trans Am Fish Soc,1983,112 (6):818-824
[5]Werth G. Die erzeugung von storungen im erbgefuge und von tumoren durch experimentelle gewebsanoxie [J].Arzn Forsch,1958,8:725-744
[6]Srivastava A K, RoyD, Sinha R, SinghN D. Dyes induced changes in the haematological parameters of a freshwater catfish, Heteropneutes fossilis[J].Ecol Environ Conserv,1996 (2):155-158
[7]Shivaji Srivastava, Ranjana Sinha, D Roy. Toxicological effects of malachite green [J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2004,66:319-329
[8]Schoettger R A.Toxicology of thiodan in several fish and aquatic invertebrates [J]. US Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Series Report,1970:31
[9]Fessard V., Godard T., Huet, S., etal. Mutagenicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in vitro tests. J. Appl. Toxicol.1999.19 (6):421-430
[10]Culp, S. J., Blankenship, L. R., Kusewitt, D. F., Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during shortterm feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Chem. Biol. Interact.1999,122 (3):153-170
[11]Wert h, G, Boiteaux, A. The toxicity of the triphenylmet hane dyestuff malachite green, as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Arch. fur. Toxicol.1958,23:82-103
[12]Rao, K. V. K. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green:A new liver tumor promoter. Toxicol.Lett.1995,81 (223):107-113
[13]Bergwerff Aldert, A., Scherpenisse, P. Determination of residues of malachite green in aquatic animals. J. Chromatography B,2003,78:351-359
[14]Plakas S. M., El Said K. R., Stehly G. R.,etal. Optimization of a liquid chromatographic met hod for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues. J. AOAC.1995,78:1388-1394
[15]邱绪建,林洪,王联珠,等孔雀石绿及其代谢物无色孔雀石绿在鲫鱼肌肉中的代谢规律[J].中
国海洋大学学报,2006,36(5)：745-748
[16]Roybal J E,Denver C O, PfenningA P, et al. Determination of malachite green and its metabolite, leucomalachite green in catfish tissue by liquid chromatography with visible detection[J]. J AOAC.1995,78:453-457
[17]KamilaMitrowsk, Andrzej Posyniak, Jan Zmudzki. The effects of cooking on residues of malachite green and leucomalachite green in carp muscles [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,586:420-425
[18]刘军,胡华军,等.渔药孔雀石绿的毒性、危害和检测现状[J].浙江农业学报,2006(5)：397-340
[19]龚朋飞.孔雀石绿单克隆抗体的制备及其检测试剂盒的初步研制[D].硕士论文,2005,61
[20]Geraldine Dowling, Patrick P J, Mulder. Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid choromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,586:411-419
[21]丁涛,等.高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(Finnig TSQ Quantum)测定鳗鱼中孔雀石绿、隐性孔雀石绿残留量[J],现代科学仪器,2006(1)：27-29
[22]Halme K. Determination of malachite green residues in rainbow trout muscle with liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Food Addit Contain,2004,21 (7):641-648
[23]Doerge D R. Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1,1998,12 (21):1625-1634
[24]Edelhaeuser, M., and Klein, E. Determination of malachite green residues in food fish. Deut sche Lebensmittel-Rundschau.1986,12:386-389
[25]Safarik, I., and Kova, M. Detection of low concentrations of malachite green and crystal violet in water. Water Research,2000,36:196-200
[26]严浩英,鲁长毫.高效液相色谱法测定全小麦和面粉中麦草灵除草剂残留量[J].中国公共卫生,1995,11(9)：422～423.
[27]谢文明,范志先,张玲金,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定土壤及水中莠去津[J].岩矿测试,2003,22(2)：93～97.
[28]刘长武,刘潇威,翟广书,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜、水果中的氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂及其代谢物残留[J].色谱,2003,21(3)：255～257.
[29]邱丰和,崔珂,罗毅,等.固相萃取结合毛细管气相色谱法分析血浆中5中氨基甲酸酯[J].色谱,1996,14(4)：264～266.
[30]时亮,王丽.用固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定烟草中氨基甲酸酯农药残留量[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2000,6(1)：49～51.
[31]申进朝,邵学广.浊点萃取技术及其在有机化合物分离分析中的应用[J].化学进展,2006,18(4)：482-487.
[32]赵玉娥,杨丙雨.析相萃取在贵金属分离富集中的应用[J].黄金,2005,26(7)：42-46.
[33]马岳,黄骏雄.浊点萃取在环境化学方面的应用[J].上海环境科学,2000,19(7)：319-325.
[34]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1991：35.
[35]赵国玺.表面活性剂作用原理[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2003：38.
[36]杭州大学化学系分析化学教研室.分析化学手册,第二分册：化学分析[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997：259.
[37]张晓光,张高勇,董金凤等.添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响[J].日用化学工业,2002,32(4)：7-10
[38]蒋萍初,田亮.非离子表面活性剂浊点的测点及其影响因素的研究[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,24(1)：43-49
[39]程兰征,陈鸿贤,韩宝华.简明界面化学[M].大连：大连工学院出版社,1988,226
[40]马岳,黄骏雄.浊点萃取在环境化学方面的应用[J].上海环境科学,2000,19(7)：319
[41]Watanate H, H Tanaka.1978,25:585
[42]Anna Tang, Dongqing Jiang, Xiuping Yan. Cloud point extraction preconcentration for capillary electrophoresis of metal ions [J]. Analytica ChimicaActa,2004,507(2):203-208.
[43]Anna Tang, Dongqing Jiang, Yan Jiang, etal.Cloud point extraction for high-performance liquid chromatographic speciation of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1036(2):183-188
[44]Paleologos, E.K.; Koupparis, M. A.; Karayannis, M. I. Nonaqueous Catalytic Fluorometric Trace Determination of Vanadium Based on the Pyronine B-Hydrogen Peroxide Reaction and Flow Injection after Cloud Point Extraction [J].Anal.Chem.,2001,73(18):4428-4433.
[45]E.K. Paleologos, C. D.Stalikas, S.M. Tzouwara-Karayanni, etal. Selective speciation of trace chromium through micelle-mediated preconcentration, coupled with micellar flow injection analysis-spectrofluorimetry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,436(1):49-57.
[46]Ahad Bavili Tabrizi. Cloud point extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium and zinc in foodstuffs and water samples [J]. Food Chemistry,2007,100(4):1698-1703.
[47]Gabor Komaromy-Hiller, et al. Decontamination of oil-polluted soil by cloud point extraction [J]. Talanta,1995,42:83～88.
[48]Stangl G, et al. Increased sensitivity and selectivity of the determination of atrazine by use of non-ionic surfactants [J]. Fresenius J.Anal.Chem.,1995,351:301～304.
[49]Carmelo Garcia Pinto, et al. Cloud point preconcentration and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides with dual electrochemical detection [J]. Anal.Chem.,1995,67:2606-2612.
[50]C.Padron Sanz, R.Halko, Z.Sosa, et.al. Micellar extraction of organophosphorus pesticides and their determination by liquid chromatography [J]. Anal. Chimi.Acta.,2004,524:265～270.
[51]Carabias.M R., Rodriguez.G E., Dominguez.A J., et al. Prediction of the behaviour of organic pollutants using cloud point extraction[J]. Chromatogr A,2003,1005:23-24.
[52]Radoslav Halko, Milan Hutta. Study of high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of selected herbicides by hydro-methanolic and micellar liquid chromatography using Genapol X-080 non-ionic surfactants as mobile phase constituent [J]. Anal.Chimi.Acta.2002,466:325～333.
[53]Carabias.M R., Rodriguez.G E., Garcia.J.et al. Determiantion of the fungicides folpet, captan and capafol by cloud-point preconcentration and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection [J]. ChromatogrA,1996,754:85～96.
[54]I Casero et al. Anal Chem,1999,71:4519
[55]D Sicilia, S Rubio,D Perez-Bendito Anionic surfactants in acid media:a new cloud point extraction approach for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples[J]. Anal.Chim.Acta.1999.392(1):29-38
[56]R Ferrer.J L Beltran, I Guiteras. Use of cloud point extraction methodology for the determination of PAHs priority pollutants in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and wavelength programming [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 1996 330(2,3):199-206.
[1]吸附作用应用原理,赵振国。北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[2]Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interfaces.Parfitt GD, Rochester C H. (Eds.) London: Academic Press,1983
[3]Adsorption of Inorganics at Solid/Liquid Interfaces. Anderson M A, Rubin A J. (Eds.). Michigan: Ann Arbor Sci. Publishers, Inc.,1981
[4]界面化学基础.朱王步瑶,赵振国.北京：化学工业出版社,1996
[5]Gu Tiren(顾惕人).Jinxi Huagong(精细化工),1987,4(1)：2
[6]Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.Journal of the American Chemical Society 1916;38:2221-95.
[7]Georges Guiochon. Fundaments of preparative and nonlinear chromatography. USA:Acad-emic Press,1994,109.
[8]Lee CK.Low KS and Liew Sl, et al. Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution by quatermzed rice husk. Environmental Technology,1999,20(9);971-978.
[9]Fu YZ, and Viraraghavan T. Removal of CI acid blue 29 from an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger. AATCC Review,2001, 1(1);36-40.
[10]Manju GN, Raji C and Anirudhan TS. Evaluation of coconut husk carbon for the removal of arsenic from water Water Research,1998,32(10);3062-3070.
[11]Lin TF and Wu JK. Adsorption of arsenite and arsenate within activated alumina grains; Equilibrium and kinetics. Water Research,2001,35(8):2049-2057.
[12]Singh DB, Prasad G and Rupamwar DC, et al. Arsenic(Ⅲ) removal from aqueous solution by adsorption. Water Air and Soil Pollution,1988,42(3-4);373-386.
[13]Altundogan H Soner, Altundogan Sema and Tumen Fikret, et al. Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on red mud.Waste Management,2000,20(8);761-767.
[14]Low KS and Lee CK. Chrome waste as sorbent for the removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution. Environmental Technology,1995,16(1);65-71.
[15]Namasivayam Chinnaiya and Srnthilkumar Sadasivam. Removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solution using industrial solid waste; adsorption rates and equilibnum studies. Industrial&Eagmeenng Chemistry Research,1998,37(12);4816-4822.
[16]Jossens L, Prausnitz JM and FritzW, et al. Thermodynamics of multi-solute adsorption from dilute aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Science,1978,33(8):1097-1106.
[17]Redbch O and Peterson DL. A useful adsorption isotherm. J Phys Chem.1959,63:1024.
[18]Hasany SM and Chaudhary MH. Sorption potential of hare river sand for the removal of antimony from acidic aqueous solution. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,1996,47(4):467-471.
[19]Shivaji Srivastava, Ranjana Sinha, Roy D. Toxicological effects of malachite green, Aquatic Toxicology,2004.66:319-329
[20]Hoffman, G. L., and Meyer, F. P. Parasites of Freshwater Fishes.New Jersey:TFH Publications.1974, Neptune
[21]Alderman, D. J. Malachite green:Review. J. Fish Dis,1985,8:289-298.
[22]Schnick, R. A. The impetus to register new therapeutants for aquaculture, Prog. Fish-Cult,1988, 50:190～196
[23]Fernandes, C., Lalitha, V. S., and Rao, V. K. Enhancing effects of malachite green on the development of hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats.Carcinogenesis,1991,12:839-845
[24]Rao, K. V. K. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green:A new liver tumor promoter. Toxicol.Lett.,1995.81 (2-3):107～113.
[25]Gouranchat, C. Malachite green in fish culture (State of the art and perspectives) 2000. Bibliographic Studies. Ecole Natl. Veterinaire ENVT,Nantes, France,142.
[26]Culp, S. J., and Beland, F. A. Malachite green:A toxicological review. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.1996,15:219-238.
[27]Chang-Jun, Daniel. R. D., and Carl, E. C. Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunning hamellae legans.Appl. Envioron.Microb.,2001.67 (9):4358-4360.
[28]Evangelos K. Paleologos, Dimosthenis L. Giokas, Miltiades I. Karayannis, Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction, Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2005,24(5):426-436
[29]In Solution Behaviour of Surfactants.Watanabe H. New York:Plenum Press,1982 (2):1305
[30]Hinze,W.L.In Ordered Media in Chemical Separations;Hinze,W.L, Armstrong,D.W, Eds;American Society; Washington.DC,1987;pp 48-55
[31]Pramauro,E.Ann.Chim.(Ital),1990,80,101
[32]Bordier,C. J.Bio,Chem.1991,256,1604
[33]Bouvier,T;Etges,R.J.;Bordier,C.J.Biol.Chem.1985,260,15504
[34]吸附作用应用原理,赵振国。北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[35]Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interfaces.Parfitt GD, Rochester C H. (Eds.) London:Academic Press,1983
[36]Adsorption of Inorganics at Solid/Liquid Interfaces. Anderson M A, Rubin A J. (Eds.). Michigan: Ann Arbor Sci. Publishers, Inc.,1981
[37]界面化学基础.朱王步瑶,赵振国.北京：化学工业出版社,1996
[38]Gu Tiren(顾惕人).Jinxi Huagong(精细化工),1987,4(1)：2
[39]Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquidsJournal of the American Chemical Society 1916;38:2221-95.
[40]M.K. Purkait, S. DasGupta, S. De, Performance of TX-100 and TX-114 for the separation of chrysoidine dye using cloud point extraction, Journal of Hazardous Materials B137 (2006) 827-835
[41]M.K. Purkait, S. DasGupta, S. De, Determination of design parameters for the cloud point extraction of congo red and eosin dyes using TX-100, Separation and Purification Technology 51 (2006) 137-142
[42]N. Pourreza, Sh. Elhami, Spectrophtometric determination of malachite green in fish farming water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-100,Anal. Chim. Acta.596 (2007) 62.
[43]J.H. Clint, Surfactant Aggregation, Blackie, Glasgow,1992, pp.154.
[44]Y.S. Ho, G McKay, Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat, Chem. Eng. J.70 (1998) 115.
[45]M.S. Chiou, H.Y. Li, Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of adsorption of reactive dye on cross-linked chitosan beads, J. Hazard. Mater. B93 (2002) 233.
[46]Giles C.H., MacEwan T.H., Nakhwa, D S.N.. Smith, Studies in adsorption.Part Ⅺ. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms,and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurements of specific surface areas of solids J. Chem. Soc.1960,10:3973-3993.
[47]K. Kandori, R. J. Megreevy, R. S. Schecher, Solubilization of phenol in polyethoxylated nonionic micelles, J. Colloid Interf. Sci.132 (1989) 395.
[48]C. Namasivayam, D. Kavitha, Dyes Pigments 2002,54:47.
[49]Z. Wang, F. Zhao, D. Li, Determination of solubilization of phenol at coacervate phase of cloud point extraction, Colloids Surf. A 216 (2003) 207.
[1]任秀莲,魏琦峰,程春萍,等.高效液相色谱测定虾中孔雀石绿结晶紫及其代谢物残留量的研究进展[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2007,17(1)：173-176
[2]Thompson H C J r, Rushing L G, Gehring T, et al. Persistence of gentian violet and leucogentian violet in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatatus) muscle after water-borne exposure[J]. J of Chromatography B,1999,723:287-291
[3]朱 蕾,对国家标准中高效液相色谱法测定孔雀石绿及隐色孔雀石绿的方法改进研究[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2007,1：15-16
[4]I. Safark, M. Safarkova. Detection of low concentrations of malachite green and crystal violet in water [J].Water Research,2002,36:196-200
[5]Bergwerff A A, Scherpenisse P. Determination of residues of malachite green in aquatic animals [J]. J of Chromatography B,2003,788:351-359
[6]Geraldine Dowling, Patrick P.J. Mulder. Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green,crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,586:411-419
[7]Farry L,Oxsp ring D A, SmythW F, etal. A study of the effects of injection mode on capillary stacking and off-line concentration on the cap illary electrophoresis limits of detection for four structural types of industrial dyes [J]. Analytica chimica Act,1997,349 (1-3):221
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB／T 20361-2006[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2006
[9]E. K. Paleologos, D. L. Giokas, M. I. Karayannis. Micelle-mediated separation and cloud-point extraction[J].Trends. Anal. Chem.2005,24:426-436
[10]A. Niazi, T. Momeni-Isfahani, Z. Ahmari. Spectrophotometric determination of mercury in water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-114[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials (2008),doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.091
[11]Marcelo Anselmo Oseas da Silva, Marco Aurelio Zezzi Arruda. An aqueous two-phase system as a strategy for serum albumin depletion[J]. Talanta,2009,77:985-990
[12]C. Padr on Sanz, R. Halko, Z. Sosa Ferrera. Micellar extraction of organophosphorus pesticides and their determination by liquid chromatography [J].Anal. Chim. Acta 2004,524:265-270
[13]Z.H. Shi, J.T. He, W.B. Chang. Micelle-mediated extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography [J].Talanta 2004,64:401-407
[14]GuiFang Jia, ChunGuang Lv, WenTao Zhu, et al. Applicability of cloud point extraction coupled with microwave-assisted back-extraction to the determination of organophosphorous pesticides in human urine by gas chromatography with flame photometry detection [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,159(2-3):300-305