同时分离大豆蛋白和油脂的反胶束体系研究
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摘要
反胶束萃取技术是一种适于生物大分子分离纯化的新技术,已广泛用于生物膜模拟化学和蛋白质分离萃取,而大豆蛋白质和油脂营养价值高、加工性能好,是重要的植物蛋白和油脂资源。因此利用反胶束萃取技术同时提取大豆蛋白与油脂的生产和应用具有重要的意义。本论文主要研究了反胶束的前萃动力学、反胶束萃取大豆蛋白工艺的优化、表面活性剂的筛选、产品大豆蛋白和油脂中残留表面活性剂的去除及所制备大豆分离蛋白的结构及特性。主要内容如下:
以AOT反胶束体系为研究对象,研究了反胶束萃取大豆蛋白的动力学,考察了振荡速度、萃取温度、反胶束浓度和全脂大豆粉粒度对萃取速率的影响,初步表明反胶束萃取大豆蛋白的过程受内扩散控制,萃取过程可用未反应核模型来解释。
研究了超声波分别对二-(2-乙基己基)琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)反胶束体系萃取大豆蛋白的强化作用。分析了各种因素对蛋白前萃率和后萃率的影响,并与未使用超声波辅助反胶束萃取大豆蛋白进行了比较。结果表明采用超声辅助两种反胶束萃取大豆蛋白,蛋白质的萃取率都有了显著的提高。
在对多类表面活性剂、溶剂和助溶剂的特性研究和对比研究的基础上对多种反胶束体系进行了研究,从而得到最适宜萃取大豆蛋白的反胶束体系十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)。研究得到DTAC/正庚烷/正己醇反胶束体系对大豆蛋白的实际萃取率最高。以超声波辅助有机溶剂萃取法去除油脂中残留表面活性剂,采用单因素和正交试验分析了各因素对油脂中AOT残留率的影响,并确定了最佳萃取工艺条件。
研究了不同反胶束体系和不同萃取方法萃取的大豆分离蛋白,并与碱溶酸沉法制备的蛋白进行对比,发现不同大豆分离蛋白的分子量分布及某些氨基酸含量发生不同程度的变化。主链构象中的有序结构有不同程度减少,无规则卷曲增加,氢键体系发生了变化。
Reverse micelles extraction is a suitable new technology of separation and purification biological macromolecules which has been widely Applied in mimic biological film chemistry and separation of protein as a new solbent extraction of biotehchnology. Because of high nutritional value and processing performance of Soybean protein and oil , the use of reverse micelles extract soybean protein and oil production and application of great significance. So it is very interesting that the reverse micelles were applied in simultaneous extraction of oil and proteins from soybean flour. The main conclusions are as following:
By adopting bis-(2- ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT)/isooctane reversed micelle solution system extracting soybean protein. Shrinking unreacted core model is applied to forming kinetic equation of extraction of extraction which tallies with experimental data. The effects of stirring intensity, extracting temperature, concentration of reverse micelle, particle size and extracting time were investigated. The experimental results showed that the extracting process was the first order reaction.
Studies was used for extracting soybean protein by AOT and SDS reverse micelles system with ultrasonic-assisted in this paper. The main factors of effect reverse micelles forward and backward extraction results had been analyzed and discussed. Compared with those under no ultrasonic, received the extract time and increased the extraction rate.
On many types of surfactants, solvents and solvent properties to help research and comparative study on the basis of a variety of reverse micellar system was studied to obtain optimum reverse micellar system was DTAC. On the actual, research shows that the soybean protein extract rate reaches the highest by DTAC / heptane - hexanol reverse micelle system. Removal of residual surfactant by organic solvent from oil was studied. The main factors of effect the residual rate of AOT in oil had been analyzed by single factor and orthogonal experiment.
The differences of functional properties of soybean protein extracted by ultrasonic wave on reverse micelle system bis -(2- ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane , reverse micelle system and prepared by alkali-solution and acid- isolation was investigated. Experimental results showed that SPI extracted by ultrasonic wave on reverse micelle system microwave possesses higher water absorption, foaming capacity and foam stability, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability except the solubility. The microstructure differences of the three kinds of soybean protein were analyzed by electron microscope scanner.
以AOT反胶束体系为研究对象,研究了反胶束萃取大豆蛋白的动力学,考察了振荡速度、萃取温度、反胶束浓度和全脂大豆粉粒度对萃取速率的影响,初步表明反胶束萃取大豆蛋白的过程受内扩散控制,萃取过程可用未反应核模型来解释。
研究了超声波分别对二-(2-乙基己基)琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)反胶束体系萃取大豆蛋白的强化作用。分析了各种因素对蛋白前萃率和后萃率的影响,并与未使用超声波辅助反胶束萃取大豆蛋白进行了比较。结果表明采用超声辅助两种反胶束萃取大豆蛋白,蛋白质的萃取率都有了显著的提高。
在对多类表面活性剂、溶剂和助溶剂的特性研究和对比研究的基础上对多种反胶束体系进行了研究,从而得到最适宜萃取大豆蛋白的反胶束体系十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)。研究得到DTAC/正庚烷/正己醇反胶束体系对大豆蛋白的实际萃取率最高。以超声波辅助有机溶剂萃取法去除油脂中残留表面活性剂,采用单因素和正交试验分析了各因素对油脂中AOT残留率的影响,并确定了最佳萃取工艺条件。
研究了不同反胶束体系和不同萃取方法萃取的大豆分离蛋白,并与碱溶酸沉法制备的蛋白进行对比,发现不同大豆分离蛋白的分子量分布及某些氨基酸含量发生不同程度的变化。主链构象中的有序结构有不同程度减少,无规则卷曲增加,氢键体系发生了变化。
Reverse micelles extraction is a suitable new technology of separation and purification biological macromolecules which has been widely Applied in mimic biological film chemistry and separation of protein as a new solbent extraction of biotehchnology. Because of high nutritional value and processing performance of Soybean protein and oil , the use of reverse micelles extract soybean protein and oil production and application of great significance. So it is very interesting that the reverse micelles were applied in simultaneous extraction of oil and proteins from soybean flour. The main conclusions are as following:
By adopting bis-(2- ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT)/isooctane reversed micelle solution system extracting soybean protein. Shrinking unreacted core model is applied to forming kinetic equation of extraction of extraction which tallies with experimental data. The effects of stirring intensity, extracting temperature, concentration of reverse micelle, particle size and extracting time were investigated. The experimental results showed that the extracting process was the first order reaction.
Studies was used for extracting soybean protein by AOT and SDS reverse micelles system with ultrasonic-assisted in this paper. The main factors of effect reverse micelles forward and backward extraction results had been analyzed and discussed. Compared with those under no ultrasonic, received the extract time and increased the extraction rate.
On many types of surfactants, solvents and solvent properties to help research and comparative study on the basis of a variety of reverse micellar system was studied to obtain optimum reverse micellar system was DTAC. On the actual, research shows that the soybean protein extract rate reaches the highest by DTAC / heptane - hexanol reverse micelle system. Removal of residual surfactant by organic solvent from oil was studied. The main factors of effect the residual rate of AOT in oil had been analyzed by single factor and orthogonal experiment.
The differences of functional properties of soybean protein extracted by ultrasonic wave on reverse micelle system bis -(2- ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane , reverse micelle system and prepared by alkali-solution and acid- isolation was investigated. Experimental results showed that SPI extracted by ultrasonic wave on reverse micelle system microwave possesses higher water absorption, foaming capacity and foam stability, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability except the solubility. The microstructure differences of the three kinds of soybean protein were analyzed by electron microscope scanner.
引文
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