摘要
本文根据广州TCL空调器(中山)有限公司用户要求开发了一套人机交互式新型工质热力性质模拟软件,能够处理大温度范围内的热力和制冷问题,利用该软件可以进行完备的物理性质查询、热力性质计算以及制冷空调循环多种工况性能分析。计算精度达到了工程要求。
本文针对滚动活塞变频压缩机,详细考虑了泄漏、换热等损失因素,建立了完善的热力学模型,用实验验证了模型的实用性和可靠性。通过对变工况和变频的模拟计算,得出了系统冷量、指示功率及各通道泄漏量随频率的变化规律。分析了气阀的变频响应,指出了压缩机频率变化的合适范围。在低负荷制冷工况下,低转速高蒸发温度运行,即可保证冷量和负荷的相互匹配,又有较高的运行效率,显示了变频空调的节能潜力,为空调系统的最优控制提供了参考和依据。
对比研究了R22、R407C和R410A的热力性质及制冷循环性能。利用压缩机详细的热力学模型进行模拟计算,比较了三者的热力性质。原充注R22的压缩机在机器结构基本不变的情况下,直接充灌R407C后,能保持十分相似的热力性能。而R410A制冷系统要重新设计。在获得同样制冷量的情况下,而R410A制冷系统的尺寸和工质流量均要减小。
This paper develops a suit of man-machine interactive software of the thermodynamic simulation using new type refrigerants. It can deal with the thermodynamic and refrigerant problems in a wide range of temperatures. The computation precision has met the requirement of the practical engineering.
This paper takes into consideration of leakage and heating loss of working fluid and lubraicating oil in details, the validity and reliability of the simulation model has been verified by the experiment. Considered different kinds of profiles of the stop, the bending-stesses of the valve roots are compared.
By simulation calculation under variable conditions and at variable speeds, the changing tendency of the refrigeration capacity, indicated power, and leakage mass of each path with frequency is obtained.The dynamic response of the reed valve at variable speed is analyzed, and appropriate frequency range of the compressor is pointed out. In the case of part load for refrigeration, the compressor ought to run at slower speed and higer evapotating temperature. Because it can not only match load and capacity well, but also hold high operating effiengcy.
The thermodynamic characters and refrigeration properties of R22, R407C and R410A are studied considering the detailed thermodynamic model of the compressor. It is found that the thermodynamic performance of the R407C system is very close to that of R22 system when the compressor structure is not retrofitted which was originally for the R22. But the R410A system needs to be redesinged. It is needed small size and little working fluid when to produce the same refrigerating capacity.
引文
[1] Lorentzen and Gustav.The Use of Natural Refrigerants,A Complete Solution to the CFC/HCFC Predicament.In:Proc.of the 1 994 International Conference:New Applications of Natural Working Fluids in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,pp228, 1994
[2] M.J.Molina and F。S.Rowland.Stratospheric Sink for Chlorlfluoromethanes::Chlorine atom catalyzed destruction ofozone. Nature,V01.249,pp810一812,1974
[3]朱钟杰.保护臭氧层和控制CFC类物质。限制和禁止使用CFC类物质技术对测验到会论文集,ppl57—162,1990
[4] United Nation Environment Program.Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,Final Act September.1987
[5]李文林等。回转式制冷压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[6] [日]本田秀雄等.制冷压缩机的现状及发展方向.流体工程,1988,(11)
[7] Takeshi Ebisu、Kaori Yoshida and Kunikazu Torikoshi.Air-cooled Heat Exchanger Performance for R410a.In:Proc. of the 1996 IRCP,PPl39—144,1996
[8] James R.Lenz.R410A Rotary Compressor Bearing Design Considerations。In:Proc。of the 1998 IRCP,pp7—1 1,1998
[9] Jing Zheng、H.Michael Hughes、Mark W.Spatz、Gary J.Zyhowski.Optimization Strategies for Unitary Air Conditioner Using R410A.In:Proc.of the 1998 IRCP,pp69-74,1998
[10]古波、李文华.R22三种替代物R134a、R410a和R407c在空调系统中性能对比研究.第九届全国冷水机组与热泵技术学术会议论文集,pp23—28,1999
[11] Y.Chemyak、RZhelezny、M.Paulaitis.Thermodynamic Proferties ofHFC-32/HFC一125 Mixtures and an Estimaion of Its Environmental Impact And Utility in Refrigeration.In:Proc.ofthe 1996 IRCP,pp429—434,1996
[12] Zhang,H.一L.、Sato,H.、Watanabe,K.Thermodynamic property representation fOr the R.32/125 binary system by a new cubic equation of state.International Journal of Refrigeration,V01.20,No.6,PP 441—451,1997
[13] Nagel.M.、Bier,K.Saturation densities ofnew refrigerant mixtures.International Journal of Refrigeration,V01.21, No.7,pp556—566,1998
[14] Fransson,Eva、Vamling,Lennart.The Abdoul—Rauzy—Peneloux group contribution equation of state extended to CFC.containing mixtures.Chemical Engineering Science,V01.48,No.10,ppl753—1759,1993
[15] Orbey, Hasan、Sandier,Stanley I . Equation of state modeling of refrigerant mixtures.IndusgiN&Engineering Chemistry Research,V01.34,No.7,pp2520-2525, 1 995
[16] Yokozeki,A.Thermodynamic properties of mixtures based on van der Wals equation of state:R一32/125 binary system.HVAC&RResearch,V01.2,No.4,pp284—311,1996
[17]日本冷冻学会.新型工质状态方程.日本.1998
[18]吕平.乙烷系氟里昂粘度的理论研究及HFC.152a和HCFC一133a饱和液体粘度的测定:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学能动学院,1996
[19]鞠飙.新混合物状态方程的建立和冰箱、空调器全HFC替代的理论及实验研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学能动学院,1995.
[20]阎秋会、南晓红、刘志刚.推算CFCs替代物导热系数的新的基团贡献法.西安建筑科技大学学报,V01.29,No.3,1997
[21] Hideyuki Ueda、Masahiro Takebayashi et a1.Evaluation of Scroll Compressor for Alternative Refrigerants。In:Proc.of the 1996 International Symposium on HCFC Alternative Refrigerants,pp245-252
[22] Makoto Hayano、Takashi Fukuda et aI . Performance Evaluation of 2-cylinder RotaryCompressor for R410a。In:Proc.of the 1996 International Symposium on HCFC Alternative Refrigerantspp 143-152
[23] Tlaro KATO、Yoshinori SHIRAFUJI、Susumu KAWAGUCHI. Comparison of Compressor Efficiency between Rotary and Scroll Type with R4 1 0a and R407c.In:Proc.ofthe 1996 ICECP,pp69-76,1996
[24] T.Kohayakama、S.Yamamoto、K.Sawai、S.hase、T.Morimoto、H.ashitani.Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Type Scroll Compressor for Alternative Refrigerant (R410A)。In:Proc.of the 1998 ICECP,pp435-440,1998
[25] YSasahara、K.Komine、M.Ootori、I.Kawabe、TKumazawa、S.Fuiita.Developmento of 2-Cylinder Rotary Compressor with R-410A.In:Proc.of the 1998 ICECP,pp447- 452,1998
[26] YYoun、S.Park、J.Bae、YMa.Design Optimization for the Discharge System of the Rotary Compressor Using Alternative Refrigerant R4l0a.In:Proc.ofthe 1998 ICECP,pp453-458,1998
[27] Hiroyuki Taniwa、Takehiro Kanayama、Toshiyuki Toyama、Hitoshi Ozawa. Study of Characteristics of Swing Compressor using with R-410A.In:Proc.of the l996 International Symposium on HCFC Alternative Refrigerants,pp257-266
[28] J.WLinton、WK.Snelson、RF.Hearty、A.R.Triebe.Comparison of R407C and R410A with R22 in a 1 0.5kW(3.0TR) Residential Central Heat Pump.In:Proc.of the l 996 IRCP,PPl-6,1996
[29] Tadashi Iizuka、Akihiko Ishiyama.Reliability of Compressors for HFC-based Refrigerants.In:Proc. of the 1994 International Symposium R22&R502 Altemative Refrigerants,pp241-248
[30] Sonny G.Sundaresan.Compressor Tribology and Other System Requirements for POE Lubricants With HFC Refrigerants. In:Proc. of the l 994 International Symposium R22&R502 Alternative Refrigerants,pp335-364
[31] S.G.Sundaresan、M.B. Pate、T.M.Doerr、D.T.Ray.A comparison ofthe Effects of POE and Mineral Oil Lubricants on the In-Tube Evaporation of R22,R407c and R410a. In: Proc.ofthe 1996 IRCP,ppl87-192,1996
[32] S.Sekiya、Y.Shirafuji、S.Kawaguchi、T.Kato、T.Izawa.Alkylbenzenes for Split Air- Conditioners with R-410A Partl:Reliability Evaluation of Compressors.In:Proc.of the 1998 ICECP,pp465—470,1998
[33] Takashi Fukuda、Makoto Hayano.HFC/POE LUBRITY EVALUATION ON THE ROTARY COMPRESSOR IN SYSTEM OPERATION.In:Proc.of the 1 996 ICECP,pp445-450,1 996
[34] Hsinheng Li and Kenneth C.Lijie.Development of a POE Lubricant for Rotary Compressors Using HFC Refrigerants.In:Proc.ofthe 1998 IRCP,pp373-378,1998
[35] Tohru Matsuo、Masayoshi Itoh.A New Synthetic Hybrid Refrigeration Oil for R410A and R407C.In:Proc.ofthe 1998 IRCP,pp385-390,1998
[36] E.H.Ng et al. Computer Simulation of a Reciprocating Compressor Using a Real Gas Equation ofState.In:Proc.ofthe 1980 ICECP,pp33-42
[37]吴业正.往复式压缩机数学模型及应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989
[38] Gybsrg,F.Et al。A Simulation Model Fixed Vane Rotary Compressor Using Real Gas Properties。In:Proc.ofthe 1984 ICECP,pp33-39
[39] T. Yanagisawa and T.Shimizu.Leakage Losses with a Rolling Piston Type Rotary ComDressor I Radial Clearance on the Rolling Piston.Int J Refrig,V01.8(2),pp75-84,1985
[40] T. Yanagisawa and T.Shimizu.Leakage Losses with a Rolling Piston Type Rotary ComDressOr II Leakage Losses through Clearance on Rolling Piston.Int J Refrig,V01.8(3),ppl52-158,1985
[41] P.Pandeya et a1.Rolling Piston Type Rotary Compressor with Special Attention to Friction and Leakage.In:Proc.ofthe 1978 ICECP,pp247-256
[42]马国远.滚动活塞式压缩机热力过程模拟及新产品的开发研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学化工学院,1988
[43] R.J.Rodgers.Comprehensive Analysis of Leakage in Rotary Compressors·In:Proc·of the 1 996 ICECP,pp287-293、
[44]张海峰.滚动转子式压缩机热力过程模拟:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学能动学院,1997
[45] C.Costa et al. Considerations about the Leakage through the Minimal Clearance in a Rolling Piston Compressors.In:Proc.ofthe 1990 ICECP,ppl31-138
[46] J.L.Gasche et a1.Influence of the Roller Velocity on the Flow of Lubricating Oil in a Rolling Piston Compressor.In:Proc.ofthe 1994 ICECP,pp347—352
[47] T.Yanagisawa et a1.A Study on Suction Gas Heating in a Rolling Piston Type Rotary Compressor. Bulletion of JSME,Vol.27(226-17),pp741-748, 1984
[48] K.M.Atesmen.Heat Transfer in Rotary Combustion Engines.ASME Trans.( J of Heat Transfer),pp288—293,1975
[49]吴之春.滚动转子式制冷压缩机的工作过程模拟与实验分析:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学能动学院,1987
[50] Sisir K.Padhy.Heat Transfer Model of a Rotary Compressor.In:Proc.of the 1992 ICECP
[51] Jeff J.Neiter et a1.Analysis of Clearance Volume Equalization and Secondary Pressure Pulse in Rolling Piston Compressors.In:Proc. of the 1 994 ICECP, pp527-533
[52] Zheji Liu et a1.Performance Study of a Variable Speed Compressor with Special Attention to Supercharge.In:Proc.ofthe 1994 ICECP, pp499-506
[53] Jeff J.Neiter et a1.Analysis of Clearance Volume Equalization and Secondary Pressure Pulse in Rolling Piston Compressors.In:Proc.ofthe 1994 ICECR pp527-533
[54]吴丹青.压缩机舌簧阀运动规律的数学模拟.流体工程,1984,(10)
[55]吴丹青等。压缩机舌簧阀阀片动力性能的计算机模拟.压缩机技术1988,(4)
[56]吴丹青等.压缩机簧片阀的数学模拟与设计.北京:机械I,Ik@版社,1993
[57]江波等。压缩机舌簧阀的有限元动态分析.流体工程.1987,f101
[58]畅云峰.舌簧阀片动态响应的有限元求解及程序设计:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学能动学院,1986
[59]黄典勋.舌簧阀动力性能的有限元分析与简化计算模型:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学化工学院,1987
[60] T.Itami et a1.An Experimental Study of Frequency—controlled Compressors.In:Proc.of 1982 ICECP, pp297-304
[61] T.Nomura et a1.Efficiency Improvement in Rotary Compressor.In:Proc.of 1984 ICECP, pp307- 14
[62] H.Kawai.Efficiency Improvement in Rolling Piston Type Rotary Compressor.In:Proc.of 1 984 ICECP,pp299—306
[63] S.Nagatomo et al。Performance Analysis of Rolling Piston Type Rotary Compressor for Household Refrigeration.In:Proc.of 1984 ICECR pp291—298
[64]李敏等.滚动转子式制冷压缩机的运动及动力学分析.流体工程,1989,f121
[65]张华俊.空调用滚动转子压缩机变工况的性能.流体工程,1992,f121
[66]周子成.全封闭滚动转子式制冷压缩机性能分析.流体工程,1987,(10)
[67]冯树波.从节能和实用的角度选择和使用家用空气调节器.
[68]陈光东、陈淼波、谢经明、陈贻春.空调器变频调速的运行研究.电工电能新技术,No.3,ppl3-18,1998
[69] Ishii , Noriaki el al。Dynamic stability criterion for reed valves in refrigerant compressors. JSME International Journal,Series 3:Vibration,Control Engineering, Engineering for Industry,V01.36,No.1,pp69-76,1993.3
[70]周子成.日本房间空调器的新技术.制冷,No.4,ppll-18,1998
[71] Huang,Youling、Chen,Shouwu、Chen,Rangqu.Control of high—pressure piping pulsation and vibration and development of software package . Lianyou Sheji / Petroteum Refinery Engineering,V01.26,No.5,pp49-50,1996
[72] Todd A.DeVore.Development of an Open Drive Scoll Compressor for Transportation Refrigeration.In:Proc.of 1998 ICECP, pp231-236
[73] B.D.Rasmussen.Small Variable Speed Hermetic Reciprocating Compressors For DomesticRefrigerators.In:Proc.of 1996 ICECP, pp49-54
[74] Teruyuki Akazawa,Sadao Kawahara,Yoshifumi Abe et a1.Development of a High Performance Scroll Compressor for Auturnotive Air Conditioners.In:Proc.of 1996 ICECP,pp311—316
[75]郑学鹏.滚动转子式变频压缩机的热力性能研究.[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学化工学院,1998
[76] R.C:Downing.Refrigerant Equations.ASHRAE Trans. 1974,80,part2 ppl58—169
[77]陈德雄等.氟里昂的热力性质关系式(si制).流体工程,1998,(5)
[78]童景山等.流体工质热物性计算.北京:清华大学出版社,1982
[79] ASHRTAE Handbook.Fundamentals 1 993
[80]江宏俊.流体力学。北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[81] E.Sakurai.The Prediction ofFriction Losses in Variable Speed Rotary Compressor.In: Proc.of 1984 ICECP,pp33 1-338
[82]蒋维城等.固体力学有限元分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1989
[83]谢贻权等.弹性和塑性力学中的有限元法.北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[84]【英】E.欣顿著,杨楚泉等译.有限元程序设计.北京:新时代出版社,1982
[85]邓建中等.计算方法.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1985
[86] Tadashi Lizuka、Akihiko Ishiyama、Hiroaki Hata and Tsuneji Sugano,“Study of Technology for Refrigerant Appliccationa 1.Materials Compatibility for HCFC-22 AIternative Refrigerants”, In:Proc.of 1 996 IRcp, pp5 15-520
[87]高德平.机械工程中的有限元法基础.西安:西北大学出版社,1993
[88]国家标准GB 5773.86.容积式制冷压缩机性能实验方法,1986