非共沸混合制冷剂在高温空调中的实验研究
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摘要
高温空调通常在宽温度范围和高温工况下运行,常用的中温制冷剂难以获得良好的空调特性。探求环境友好且热力性质良好的制冷剂成为解决高温空调技术难题的关键因素之一。本文就探索适合高温空调运行特性的制冷剂而展开相关研究工作。
首先分析了非共沸混合工质R22/R142b的性质,指出高温空调使用R22/R142b在理论上是可行的,其环保性质和热力性质都较理想。利用R22/R142b热力性质,对原R12高温空调系统主要部件进行了校核分析。之后,用实验和仿真的方法探究了高温空调样机性能参数随R22/R142b质量比例变化的规律,发现混合工质质量比为5/5～7/3时,空调系统在35～75 o C较宽的环境温度范围可获得较理想的制冷量,且变化平坦,而排气温度和排气压力这两个安全指标也在可接受的范围内。
实验分析了空调样机的最佳充灌量,结果表明制冷剂充灌量在2.65kg左右时空调的运行性能较好。
本文对高温空调制冷剂替代问题的研究,为在技改费用较低的前提下对高温空调的改进提供了清晰的思路和能较快实现的方法。而本文采用的研究方法和实验及仿真结果对高温热泵的研究同样具有一定的参考价值。
High temperature air-conditoners often run over a wide temperature range and in high temperature work conditions,so some commonly used mid-temperature refrigents are not suitable for high temperature any longer.It is a key facter to search for a proper kind of refrigent to solve the problems of developing and manufacturing high temperature air-conditioners,which is environmentally friendly and has good thermodynamic properties.The major work of this thesis was to find a proper kind of refrigent which is suitable for circulating in high temperature air-conditioners.
Non-azeotropic mixture R22/R142b’s properties were analyzed in this thesis at first, and it was found that it is feasible for high temperature air-conditioners to use in theory,and not only the thermodynamic properties of it are fairly good but also it is environmentally friendly. By using R22/R142b’s thermodynamic properties, the main components of the high temperature air-conditioners which originally used R12 as working fluids were checked and analyzed. Then the variation of the running performance with different mass fractions was studied by method of experiment and simulation.It was found that the cooling capacity is fairly high and changes smoothly over a wide temperature range of 30～75 o C when the mass fractions of R22/R142b range from 5/5 to 7/3 ;Besides, both the exhaust temperature and the exhaust pressure are not so high that they can damage the air-conditioner.
Meanwhile,The optimal refrigerant charge was also tested in high temperature work conditions in this thesis,as a result, the sample machine ran relatively well when the refrigent charge was about 2.65kg.
Good idea and methods for the improvement of high temperature air-conditioners ,on the premise of relatively low cost in the technological transformation ,were provided through the study on the refrigerant replacement in high temperature air-conditioners in this thesis. Reference was also provided for the study on high temperature heat pumps by the research method and the results of experiment and simulation in the thesis.
首先分析了非共沸混合工质R22/R142b的性质,指出高温空调使用R22/R142b在理论上是可行的,其环保性质和热力性质都较理想。利用R22/R142b热力性质,对原R12高温空调系统主要部件进行了校核分析。之后,用实验和仿真的方法探究了高温空调样机性能参数随R22/R142b质量比例变化的规律,发现混合工质质量比为5/5～7/3时,空调系统在35～75 o C较宽的环境温度范围可获得较理想的制冷量,且变化平坦,而排气温度和排气压力这两个安全指标也在可接受的范围内。
实验分析了空调样机的最佳充灌量,结果表明制冷剂充灌量在2.65kg左右时空调的运行性能较好。
本文对高温空调制冷剂替代问题的研究,为在技改费用较低的前提下对高温空调的改进提供了清晰的思路和能较快实现的方法。而本文采用的研究方法和实验及仿真结果对高温热泵的研究同样具有一定的参考价值。
High temperature air-conditoners often run over a wide temperature range and in high temperature work conditions,so some commonly used mid-temperature refrigents are not suitable for high temperature any longer.It is a key facter to search for a proper kind of refrigent to solve the problems of developing and manufacturing high temperature air-conditioners,which is environmentally friendly and has good thermodynamic properties.The major work of this thesis was to find a proper kind of refrigent which is suitable for circulating in high temperature air-conditioners.
Non-azeotropic mixture R22/R142b’s properties were analyzed in this thesis at first, and it was found that it is feasible for high temperature air-conditioners to use in theory,and not only the thermodynamic properties of it are fairly good but also it is environmentally friendly. By using R22/R142b’s thermodynamic properties, the main components of the high temperature air-conditioners which originally used R12 as working fluids were checked and analyzed. Then the variation of the running performance with different mass fractions was studied by method of experiment and simulation.It was found that the cooling capacity is fairly high and changes smoothly over a wide temperature range of 30～75 o C when the mass fractions of R22/R142b range from 5/5 to 7/3 ;Besides, both the exhaust temperature and the exhaust pressure are not so high that they can damage the air-conditioner.
Meanwhile,The optimal refrigerant charge was also tested in high temperature work conditions in this thesis,as a result, the sample machine ran relatively well when the refrigent charge was about 2.65kg.
Good idea and methods for the improvement of high temperature air-conditioners ,on the premise of relatively low cost in the technological transformation ,were provided through the study on the refrigerant replacement in high temperature air-conditioners in this thesis. Reference was also provided for the study on high temperature heat pumps by the research method and the results of experiment and simulation in the thesis.
引文
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[44]王铁军,赵鹏,金从卓等.非共沸混合制冷剂在高温空调中的实验研究[J].低温与超导.2009,37(9):69-72.
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[2]苏国辉,卢启林,周清明.高温空调机与非共沸工质[J].冷藏技术,2001 (4):6-9.
[3]吴业正,韩宝琦.制冷原理及设备[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997,04.
[4]王鑫,史琳,朱明善等.近年来国内外制冷剂的研究状况[J].暖通空调,2007, 37 (10):40-43.
[5]尼玛平措.浅谈制冷剂R12对环境的影响及其替代物的选择问题[J] .西藏大学学报,2008,23(2):115-119.
[6]吴业正.小型制冷装置设计指导[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,1998,08.
[7] Rajapaksha , L . Influence of special attributes of zeotropic refrigerant mix-tures on design and operation of vapour compression refrigeration and heat pump systems [J],Energy Conversion and Management,2007 (48):539–545.
[8]张小松,王铁军,金苏敏.制冷技术与装置设计[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2008,04.
[9] Aprea.C,A.Maiorino.Numerical analysis of an air condenser workingwith the refrigerant fluid R407C [J],Applied Thermal Engineering,2007(27):2592-2599.
[10] Aprea.C,F. de Rossi, A. Greco.Experimental evaluation of R22 and R407C evaporative heattransfer coefficients in a vapour compression plant[J] , International Journal of Refrigeration,2000(23) :366-377.
[11] Shao.D.W, E.Granryd.P . Experimental and theoretical study on flow condensation with non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R32/R134a[J] ,International Journal of Refrigeration,1998,21(3) :230-246.
[12] Smit,F.J,J.P.Meyer.Condensation heat transfer coefficients of the zeotropic refrigerant mixture R-22/R-142b in smooth horizonal tubes[J],International Journal of thermal sciences,2002 (41):625–630.
[13] Kim.M.S,M.S.Kim, Y.S.Kim,Experimental study on the performance of a heat pump system with refrigerant mixtures’composition change[J], Energy ,2004(29):1053–1068.
[14] Omer. C, C. Cafer,E.Sadik.Determination of optimum working conditions in heat pumps using nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,1999(40):193-203.
[15]陈九法.非共沸环保制冷剂的特点和应用技术[J] .制冷技术.2004(4):4-7.
[16]张绍志,王剑峰,陈光明.非共沸混合制冷剂两相区热力学性质的拟合[J] .流体机械.2000,28(10):59-61.
[17]赵力,蒋栋梁.空调工况下非共沸制冷剂蒸发时的换热特性[J] .天津大学学报.2006,39(6) :670-674.
[18]苏国辉,卢启林,周清明.高温空调机与非共沸工质[J].冷藏技术,2001 (4):6-9.
[19] Li,T.X , K.Guo,R.Z.Wang. High temperature hot water heat pump with non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture HCFC-22/ HCFC-141b[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2002,43(15):2033 -2040.
[20]高攀,赵力.中高温热泵系统循环工质的研究[J].暖通空调.2006,36(1):24-27.
[21]赵力,朱禹,高攀等.非共沸制冷剂非完全冷凝现象的假想及判据[J].化工学报.2007,58(11):2727-2732 .
[22]马利敏.新型中高温热泵工质的研究.天津大学硕士学位论文.2003,6.
[23]徐德胜,韩厚德.制冷与空调[M] .上海:上海交通大学出版社,1998,01.
[24]石泳,厉彦忠,裴春生等.R12、R22替代工质对制冷系统性能的影响[J].制冷与空调.2002,2(4):57-61.
[25]宣永梅.新型替代制冷剂的理论及实验研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2004,05.
[26] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1846542.html.
[27] Senthil Kumar.K, K.Rajagopal. Computational and experimental investigation of low ODP and low GWP HCFC-123 and HC-290 refrigerant mixture alternate to CFC-12[J] . Energy Conversion and Management,2007(48): 3053-3062.
[28] Tashtoush.B, M.Tahat, M.A.Shudeifat. Experimental study of new refrigerant mixtures to replace R12 in domestic refrigerators[J] . Applied Thermal Engineering,2002(22):495-506.
[29]于万海.汽车空调制冷剂的应用及其发展趋势[J].汽车与配件.2008(37):28-30.
[30]闫有旺.制冷剂R134a与R12[J].汽车维修与保养.2004(5):67.
[31]李海军,刘磊,王仕元.汽车空调制冷剂R134a代替R12的研究[J] .山西建筑.2008,34(21):169-170.
[32]任祖平.用R134a制冷剂替代R12的几个问题[J].汽车维护与修理.1999(6):6-7.
[33]杨世铭,陶文诠.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006,08.
[34]曹德胜,史琳表.制冷剂使用手册[M].北京:冶金出版社,2003,05.
[35]陈科峰,龚海涛.汽车空调HFC -134a替代品研究进展[J].有机氟工业.2008(4):35-37.
[36]刘杰,陈江平.车用空调R134a的发展现状与替代情况[J].制冷技术.2008,28(1):39-41.
[37]曹霞.HFO-1234yf—新一代汽车空调制冷剂[J].制冷与空调.2008,8(6):55-61.
[38] http://energy.nmgnews.com.cn/system/2010/01/06/010362024.shtml.
[39]何立江,邬志敏,周大汉等.R134a工质用于高温空调器的理论及实验研究[J] .流体机械.2003,31(10):41-43.
[40]刘忠民.R22制冷剂的替代技术[J].制冷与空调.2001,1(3):47-53.
[41]田波.空调制冷剂R22替代品的发展态势[J].低温与特气.2009,27(2):5-8.
[42]张连,金晓昌.R22/R 1 42 b用于高温空调的实验研究[J].低温工程,1993 (5):58-60.
[43]孙洁.混合制冷剂HFC-161/227ea的理论与实验研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2007,06.
[44]王铁军,赵鹏,金从卓等.非共沸混合制冷剂在高温空调中的实验研究[J].低温与超导.2009,37(9):69-72.
[45]胡家泽.非共沸混合工质R22/R142应用于高温空调机的研究[J].流体工程,1992,20(11):77-79.
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