天然工质应用于自行复叠制冷系统的研究
|
摘要
复叠式制冷系统通常用于获取-40℃以下的低温,根据温区的不同而应用于不同
的领域,如食品的速冻,低温生物的保存,传感器的冷却等。自行复叠制冷循环采用
非共沸混合工质作为制冷剂,而且只采用一台压缩机,正是这些独特的优点使其受到
了广泛的关注。
本文旨在通过理论计算和实验分析,研究-40℃左右温区时天然工质应用于自行
复叠制冷系统的循环性能,以期得到应用于该温区的天然工质的类型、配比及其运行
特性。
为指导实验,我们以热力学分析和RKS状态方程为基础,编写了混合工质物性计
算程序,建立了自行复叠制冷循环的理论模型,并对系统进行了仿真计算。通过理论
分析,研究了混合工质的选取原则,得出了一些非常具有实际意义的结论,而且得到
了不同配比的混合工质在不同工况下的循环性能。
本文以不同配比的二元混合工质R744/R290和三元混合工质R744/R290/R600a为
制冷剂进行了一系列试验研究。该制冷机采用单级油润滑空调压缩机,实现了低于-40
℃的制冷温度,性能稳定。通过试验研究,对本文理论计算部分的结果进行了验证,
并得到了一些新的结论。
Cascade refrigerating systems are widely used in quick freezing, preservation of biological tissues, cooling detectors. The Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle (ACR) requires only one compressor with the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture (NARM), which is very popular for its particular excellence.The aim of this paper is to study the performance of ACR system used in -40℃ temperature range, and get some useful results, such as suitable refrigerants, their mixing proportion and the working performance through theoretical computation and experimental study.Based on the thermodynamic analysis and equation of state (EOS) of RKS, the material properties were calculated by programming. Then the theoretical model of ACR system is established, and the simulation results are got. Through theoretical analysis, the selection principle of mixed refrigerants is studied, and some useful results are got. The system's performances of mixed refrigerants of different proportion at different working conditions are gainedA series of experiments are carried out using mixed refrigerants of R744/R290 and R744/R290/R600a of different proportion. A one-stage compressor used in air-conditioning is applied in this refrigerator. The refrigerating temperature can reach below 230K, the refrigerator can run steadily and the performance is very good. Through experimental study, the theoretical results are validated, and some new conclusions are got.
的领域,如食品的速冻,低温生物的保存,传感器的冷却等。自行复叠制冷循环采用
非共沸混合工质作为制冷剂,而且只采用一台压缩机,正是这些独特的优点使其受到
了广泛的关注。
本文旨在通过理论计算和实验分析,研究-40℃左右温区时天然工质应用于自行
复叠制冷系统的循环性能,以期得到应用于该温区的天然工质的类型、配比及其运行
特性。
为指导实验,我们以热力学分析和RKS状态方程为基础,编写了混合工质物性计
算程序,建立了自行复叠制冷循环的理论模型,并对系统进行了仿真计算。通过理论
分析,研究了混合工质的选取原则,得出了一些非常具有实际意义的结论,而且得到
了不同配比的混合工质在不同工况下的循环性能。
本文以不同配比的二元混合工质R744/R290和三元混合工质R744/R290/R600a为
制冷剂进行了一系列试验研究。该制冷机采用单级油润滑空调压缩机,实现了低于-40
℃的制冷温度,性能稳定。通过试验研究,对本文理论计算部分的结果进行了验证,
并得到了一些新的结论。
Cascade refrigerating systems are widely used in quick freezing, preservation of biological tissues, cooling detectors. The Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle (ACR) requires only one compressor with the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture (NARM), which is very popular for its particular excellence.The aim of this paper is to study the performance of ACR system used in -40℃ temperature range, and get some useful results, such as suitable refrigerants, their mixing proportion and the working performance through theoretical computation and experimental study.Based on the thermodynamic analysis and equation of state (EOS) of RKS, the material properties were calculated by programming. Then the theoretical model of ACR system is established, and the simulation results are got. Through theoretical analysis, the selection principle of mixed refrigerants is studied, and some useful results are got. The system's performances of mixed refrigerants of different proportion at different working conditions are gainedA series of experiments are carried out using mixed refrigerants of R744/R290 and R744/R290/R600a of different proportion. A one-stage compressor used in air-conditioning is applied in this refrigerator. The refrigerating temperature can reach below 230K, the refrigerator can run steadily and the performance is very good. Through experimental study, the theoretical results are validated, and some new conclusions are got.
引文
[1] 石泳,厉彦忠等.R12、R22替代工质对制冷系统性能的影响,制冷与空调,8(2002) 57～61.
[2] 陈光明,陈国邦等.制冷与低温原理.机械工业出版社.2000年第一版,83～84.
[3] Chang, Y. S.; Kim, M. S.; Ro, S. T. Performance and heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon refrigerants in a heat pump system International Journal of Refrigeration. 23 (2000) 232～242.
[4] Richardson, R. N.; Butterworth; J. S, The performance of propane/isobutane mixtures in a vapour-compression refrigeration system International Journal of Refrigeration. 18(1995) 58～62.
[5] B. Purkayastha; P. K. Bansal. An experimental study on HC290 and a commercial liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mix as suitable replacements for HCFC22. International Journal of Refrigeration, 21 (1998) 3～17.
[6] Alsaad; Hammad. The application of propane/butane mixture for domstic refrigerators. Applied Thermal Engineering, 18(1998) 911～918.
[7] 徐敬东,周贻博.使用异丁烷作电冰箱制冷剂的几个问题.家用电器科技,2(1998)1～5.
[8] Dongsoo Jung; Bongjin Park; Hyunchul Lee. Evaluation of supplementary/retrofit refrigerants for automobile air-conditioners charged with CFC12. International Journal of Refrigeration, 22(1999) 558～568.
[9] Lorentzen G. Revival of carbon dioxide as arefngerant[J]. H&V Engineer, 66(721) (1993)9～14.
[10] Lorentzen G. Revival of carbon dioxide as arefngerant[J]. H & V Engineer, 66(722) (1993)10～12.
[11] S. G. Kim; M. S. Kim. Experiment and simulation on the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. 25(2002) 1093～1101.
[12] Wittian S; Bodinus PE. The rise and fall of carbon dioxide systems [J]. ASHRAE Journal, 41(1999) 41～42.
[13] Douglas M R; Groll EA. Efficiencies of transcritical CO_2 cycles with and without an expansion turbine [J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 21 (1998) 577～589.
[14] Neksa P; Rekstad H; zakeri G R; Schiefloe P A. CO_2 heat pump water heater: charcteristics, system design and experimental results[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration (1994) 172～179.
[15] 丁国良.CO_2制冷技术的发展.制冷空调电力机械.NO2(2002)1～7.
[16] 丁国良,黄冬平,张春路.跨临界二氧化碳汽车空调稳态仿真[J].工程热物理学报.NO.(3),22(2001)272～274.
[17] 丁国良,黄冬乎,张喜路.跨临界二氧化碳汽车申调特性分析[J].制冷学报.3(2001)17～23.
[18] 王如竹,丁国良等,最新制冷空调,科学出版社,2002年9月第一版,12～15.
[19] Friedrich Kauf. Determination of the optimum high. pressure for transcritical CO2—Refrigeration cycles. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 1999, 38: 325～330
[20] 张祉佑,《制冷原理与设备》,机械工业出版社,1989.
[21] 吴业正,《制冷原理与设备》,西安交通大学出版社,1987.
[22] Podbielniak, W. J. U. S. Patent. 2041725, 1936.
[23] Kleemenko, A. P. Procceedings Xth International Congress of Refrigeration. Copenhagen 1. London: Pergamon Press, (1959) 34～39.
[24] 罗二仓.一种高效率的混合工质J—T制冷机的实验研究,低温与超导,NO.(3),24(1996)46～52.
[25] Andrija F. Compression Process for Refrigeration. U. S. Patent. 3203194, 1965.
[26] Dale J. M. Control System for Low Temperature Refrigeration. U. S. Patent. 3698202, 1972.
[27] Dale J. Missemer. U. S. Patent. 3768273, 1973.
[28] 罗二仓等.一种获得30K～60K温区的混合工质内复叠节流制冷循环及其实验验证.见:中国工程热物理 学会编.工程热力学与能源利用学术会议论文集.镇江:Ⅲ(1999)121～126.
[29] 刘建丽等.一种新型分凝分离式混合工质内复叠节流制冷机的实验研究.低温 与超导,NO(2),29,(2001)6～11
[30] 曹勇等.多元混合工质内复叠节流结合涡流管复合循环的热力分析.低温与超导,NO(4),30,(2002)37～43
[31] 张绍志等.具有精馏装置的自行复叠制冷循环.工程热物理学报,NO(1),22,(2001)25～27
[32] 杜垲,廖开蒙.自行复叠制冷系统初探.低温工程,NO.(3),(2002)29～33.
[33] 冯玉琪编.实用空调、制冷设备维修大全.北京电子工业出版社,1990
[34] Van der Waals, Over de continciteit von den gasen volcstaftoe-stand, Leidon, 1873.
[35] Peng, D. Y., and Robison, D. B.. A new two-constant equation of state. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., Vol. 15: pp.58-64, 1976
[36] Patel, N.C., and Teja, A.S. Chem. Eng. Sci, Vo132:pp.463, 1982
[37] Soave, G.. Chem. Eng. Sci,1972,Vol.21: pp. 1197
[38] Martin, J. J., and Hou, Y. C.. AIChE J, Vol. 1: pp. 142, 1955
[39] Benedict, M., Webb, G.B., Rubin, L. C., J.. Chem. Phys., (8): 334, 1942, (10): 747, 1940
[40] 斯坦利 M.瓦拉斯<美>.化工相平衡.中国石化出版社
[41] J. Swinney, W. E. Jones, J. A. Wilson. The impact of non-azeotropic working fluids on refrigeration system performance. Int. J. Refrig(1998)8, 607～616
[42] 孙爱国,天然工质自行复叠制冷系统分析,浙江大学硕士学位论文。
[2] 陈光明,陈国邦等.制冷与低温原理.机械工业出版社.2000年第一版,83～84.
[3] Chang, Y. S.; Kim, M. S.; Ro, S. T. Performance and heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon refrigerants in a heat pump system International Journal of Refrigeration. 23 (2000) 232～242.
[4] Richardson, R. N.; Butterworth; J. S, The performance of propane/isobutane mixtures in a vapour-compression refrigeration system International Journal of Refrigeration. 18(1995) 58～62.
[5] B. Purkayastha; P. K. Bansal. An experimental study on HC290 and a commercial liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mix as suitable replacements for HCFC22. International Journal of Refrigeration, 21 (1998) 3～17.
[6] Alsaad; Hammad. The application of propane/butane mixture for domstic refrigerators. Applied Thermal Engineering, 18(1998) 911～918.
[7] 徐敬东,周贻博.使用异丁烷作电冰箱制冷剂的几个问题.家用电器科技,2(1998)1～5.
[8] Dongsoo Jung; Bongjin Park; Hyunchul Lee. Evaluation of supplementary/retrofit refrigerants for automobile air-conditioners charged with CFC12. International Journal of Refrigeration, 22(1999) 558～568.
[9] Lorentzen G. Revival of carbon dioxide as arefngerant[J]. H&V Engineer, 66(721) (1993)9～14.
[10] Lorentzen G. Revival of carbon dioxide as arefngerant[J]. H & V Engineer, 66(722) (1993)10～12.
[11] S. G. Kim; M. S. Kim. Experiment and simulation on the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. 25(2002) 1093～1101.
[12] Wittian S; Bodinus PE. The rise and fall of carbon dioxide systems [J]. ASHRAE Journal, 41(1999) 41～42.
[13] Douglas M R; Groll EA. Efficiencies of transcritical CO_2 cycles with and without an expansion turbine [J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 21 (1998) 577～589.
[14] Neksa P; Rekstad H; zakeri G R; Schiefloe P A. CO_2 heat pump water heater: charcteristics, system design and experimental results[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration (1994) 172～179.
[15] 丁国良.CO_2制冷技术的发展.制冷空调电力机械.NO2(2002)1～7.
[16] 丁国良,黄冬平,张春路.跨临界二氧化碳汽车空调稳态仿真[J].工程热物理学报.NO.(3),22(2001)272～274.
[17] 丁国良,黄冬乎,张喜路.跨临界二氧化碳汽车申调特性分析[J].制冷学报.3(2001)17～23.
[18] 王如竹,丁国良等,最新制冷空调,科学出版社,2002年9月第一版,12～15.
[19] Friedrich Kauf. Determination of the optimum high. pressure for transcritical CO2—Refrigeration cycles. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 1999, 38: 325～330
[20] 张祉佑,《制冷原理与设备》,机械工业出版社,1989.
[21] 吴业正,《制冷原理与设备》,西安交通大学出版社,1987.
[22] Podbielniak, W. J. U. S. Patent. 2041725, 1936.
[23] Kleemenko, A. P. Procceedings Xth International Congress of Refrigeration. Copenhagen 1. London: Pergamon Press, (1959) 34～39.
[24] 罗二仓.一种高效率的混合工质J—T制冷机的实验研究,低温与超导,NO.(3),24(1996)46～52.
[25] Andrija F. Compression Process for Refrigeration. U. S. Patent. 3203194, 1965.
[26] Dale J. M. Control System for Low Temperature Refrigeration. U. S. Patent. 3698202, 1972.
[27] Dale J. Missemer. U. S. Patent. 3768273, 1973.
[28] 罗二仓等.一种获得30K～60K温区的混合工质内复叠节流制冷循环及其实验验证.见:中国工程热物理 学会编.工程热力学与能源利用学术会议论文集.镇江:Ⅲ(1999)121～126.
[29] 刘建丽等.一种新型分凝分离式混合工质内复叠节流制冷机的实验研究.低温 与超导,NO(2),29,(2001)6～11
[30] 曹勇等.多元混合工质内复叠节流结合涡流管复合循环的热力分析.低温与超导,NO(4),30,(2002)37～43
[31] 张绍志等.具有精馏装置的自行复叠制冷循环.工程热物理学报,NO(1),22,(2001)25～27
[32] 杜垲,廖开蒙.自行复叠制冷系统初探.低温工程,NO.(3),(2002)29～33.
[33] 冯玉琪编.实用空调、制冷设备维修大全.北京电子工业出版社,1990
[34] Van der Waals, Over de continciteit von den gasen volcstaftoe-stand, Leidon, 1873.
[35] Peng, D. Y., and Robison, D. B.. A new two-constant equation of state. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., Vol. 15: pp.58-64, 1976
[36] Patel, N.C., and Teja, A.S. Chem. Eng. Sci, Vo132:pp.463, 1982
[37] Soave, G.. Chem. Eng. Sci,1972,Vol.21: pp. 1197
[38] Martin, J. J., and Hou, Y. C.. AIChE J, Vol. 1: pp. 142, 1955
[39] Benedict, M., Webb, G.B., Rubin, L. C., J.. Chem. Phys., (8): 334, 1942, (10): 747, 1940
[40] 斯坦利 M.瓦拉斯<美>.化工相平衡.中国石化出版社
[41] J. Swinney, W. E. Jones, J. A. Wilson. The impact of non-azeotropic working fluids on refrigeration system performance. Int. J. Refrig(1998)8, 607～616
[42] 孙爱国,天然工质自行复叠制冷系统分析,浙江大学硕士学位论文。