提高激光测距仪测量精度与信噪比的研究
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摘要
本文重点研究提高脉冲激光测距系统测量精度和提高接收系统信噪比两方面内容。
在提高测量精度方面,总结各种时间间隔测量方法,重点介绍了时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP2,并且根据该芯片的特点设计高精度时间间隔测量电路。在提高接收系统信噪比方面,提出了采用采样率为2Gsps的超高速A/D转换器和FPGA组成的数字化接收系统。对激光脉冲回波信号进行A/D转换,后利用数字信号处理的方法对回波信号进行处理,来提高信号的信噪比。
在算法上采用Haar小波变换域的LMS和整数5/3小波变换来消除系统中噪声。利用MATLAB、DSP Builder和其它相关的EDA工具,在FPGA实现两种算法。同时根据前面的介绍提出两种新的数字化脉冲激光测距系统。
This thesis mainly study in two two aspects of the pulse laser distance measurement system that one is to improve the measurement precision and the other is to increase the signal to noise ratio of laser echo pulse.
In the part of the measurement precision, it is to sum up many kinds of time interval measurement method and focus on studying in the time-to-digital-converters TDC-GP2.And it designs a high-precision time interval measurement circuit in accordance with the characteristics of TDC-GP2. In the part of increasing the signal to noise ratio of the receiving system, the thesis introduces a new digital receiver system which are formed with ultra-high-speed A / D converter in sampling rate of 2Gsps and FPGA. TO convert laser pulse-echo signals to digital signals in using A / D and then using digital signal processing to increas e signal to noise ratio of laser pulse-echo signals.
The algorithms are Haar wavelet transform domain LMS and integer 5/3 wavelet transform, which are using to eliminate system noise. Making use of MATLAB, DSP Builder, and other related EDA tools, FPGA can realise two algorithms. According to the previous presentation, the thesis develop two new digital pulse laser distance measurement system.
在提高测量精度方面,总结各种时间间隔测量方法,重点介绍了时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP2,并且根据该芯片的特点设计高精度时间间隔测量电路。在提高接收系统信噪比方面,提出了采用采样率为2Gsps的超高速A/D转换器和FPGA组成的数字化接收系统。对激光脉冲回波信号进行A/D转换,后利用数字信号处理的方法对回波信号进行处理,来提高信号的信噪比。
在算法上采用Haar小波变换域的LMS和整数5/3小波变换来消除系统中噪声。利用MATLAB、DSP Builder和其它相关的EDA工具,在FPGA实现两种算法。同时根据前面的介绍提出两种新的数字化脉冲激光测距系统。
This thesis mainly study in two two aspects of the pulse laser distance measurement system that one is to improve the measurement precision and the other is to increase the signal to noise ratio of laser echo pulse.
In the part of the measurement precision, it is to sum up many kinds of time interval measurement method and focus on studying in the time-to-digital-converters TDC-GP2.And it designs a high-precision time interval measurement circuit in accordance with the characteristics of TDC-GP2. In the part of increasing the signal to noise ratio of the receiving system, the thesis introduces a new digital receiver system which are formed with ultra-high-speed A / D converter in sampling rate of 2Gsps and FPGA. TO convert laser pulse-echo signals to digital signals in using A / D and then using digital signal processing to increas e signal to noise ratio of laser pulse-echo signals.
The algorithms are Haar wavelet transform domain LMS and integer 5/3 wavelet transform, which are using to eliminate system noise. Making use of MATLAB, DSP Builder, and other related EDA tools, FPGA can realise two algorithms. According to the previous presentation, the thesis develop two new digital pulse laser distance measurement system.
引文
[1]陈升来,黄廉卿,郭静寰.基于DSP+FPGA的激光测距机数字信号处理研究.计算机测量与控制.2006,14(12):1689-1691
[2]桑会平,邓甲昊,胡秀娟.脉冲激光引信微弱回波信号数字检测技术研究.兵工学报.2007,28(4):420-424
[3]熊飞,张晔.激光主动探测中回波信号的小波去躁方法.光学与光电技术.2007,5(6):72-74
[4]章正宇,眭晓林.激光测距弱信号数字相关检测技术的研究和仿真.中国激光.2002,29(7):661-665
[5]张宁,许洪光,张钦宇.AT84AD001型ADC在2GHz高速信号采集系统中的应用.国外电子器件.2006,10:41-44
[6]张海武,李松山,耿林.低信噪比激光弱小回波信号的数字化检测和仿真.激光与红外.2007,37(3):211-213
[7]陈千颂,赵大龙,秦来贵等.单自触发脉冲激光测距技术.激光与红外.2003,33(5):339-342
[8]仲峰,万莉萍,岳宇军.高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP2在激光测距中的应用.工业控制计算机.2007,20(4):69-72
[9]马业伟,赵尚弘,蒙文等.激光测距信号内插法研究.现代电子技术.2007,2(241):171-176
[10]刘锋.脉冲半导体激光测距机的研制及应用.红外与激光工程.2003,32(2):271-273
[11]熊飞,张哗.激光主动探测中回波信号的小波去噪方法.光学与光电技术.2007,5(6):72-74
[12]陈殿仁,邹超.APD激光回波信号探测电路系统研究.长春理工大学学报.2002,25(2):16-18
[13]韩绍坤,赵跃进,刘巽亮等.时间比例放大法在脉冲激光测距中的应用.火控雷达技术.2004,33:5-8
[14]靳维生,曾晓东,安毓英.用A/D变换及查表求解法提高激光脉冲测距的时间分辨率.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2004,31(5):666-669
[15]刘雄飞,高金定,齐海兵.LMS自适应滤波器FPGA实现的新方法.压电与声光.2007,29(1):87-89
[16]平庆伟,何佩琨,赵保军等.高分辨中远程激光测距机的数字信号处理研究.激光与红外.2003,33(4):261-264
[17]文暄,邓甲昊,李月琴.脉冲激光高精度测距的数据处理方法研究.红外与激光工程.2007,36:150-153
[18]张子瑜,吴镇扬,任永川等.离散小波变换域LMS自适应消噪.电路与系统学报.2000,5(1):77-81
[19]Jacek Stepien,Tomasz P.Zielinski.Signal Denoising Using Line-Adaptive Lifting Wavelet Transform.IEEE Instrumentation on Measurement,2001,21(23):1386-1391
[20]Milos I.Doroslovacki,Howard Fan.Wavelet-Based Liner System Modeling and Adaptive Filtering.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,1996,44(5):1156-1167
[21]Nurgun Erdol,Filiz Basbog.Wavelet Transform Based Adaptive Filter:Analysis and New Result.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,1996,44(9):2163-2171
[22]YIN Cong,HAN Shao-kun,LIU Xun-liang,et al.To Improve the Accuracy of Laser Pulse Range Finding by Time Scale-Up Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2002,11(3):450-453
[23]Daubechies I.The Wavelet Transform Time-Frequency Localization and Signal Analysis,IEEE Trans in Information Theory.1990,36:123-132
[24]Scan McKena,John Yoder.Laser Radar Technology for Airborne Theater Missile Defence.SPIE,1995,24:50-61
[25]T.Araki.Optical Distance Meter Using a Short Pulse Width Laser Diode and Fast Avalanche potodiode.Rve.Sei.Instrum.2000,66(1):43-47
[26]Kostamovaara.A High-Precision Time-to-Digital Converter for Pulsed Time-to-Flight Laser Radar Applications.IEEE Trays.Instr.and Meas.1998,47(2):521-536
[27]Stephane Mallat.A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing.北京:机械工业出版社.2003:130-230
[28]Wim Sweldens.The Lifting Scheme:A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets.Mathematical Analysis.1995:1-36
[29]K Nakamura,T Hara,M Yoshida,et al.Optical Frequency Domain Ranging by a Frequency-Shifted Feedback Laser. IEEE J.of Quantu.Elec.2000,36(3):305-316
[30]E P Gordov.Basic and application detection of weak signal.SPIE,2003,3485:583-586.
[31]Girish Ganesan.Space-time Block Codes:A Maxi-mum SNR Approach.IEEE,2001,(37):1650-1656.
[32]Liang Zhang,Demin Wang,Andre Vincent.Adaptive SPIHT for Image Coding Based on Cured Wavelet Transform.SPIE.2002,56(85):160-163
[33]S.O.Rice.Mathematical Analysis of Random Noise.Bell System Technical Journal.1994,23:282-332.
[33]Srinath Hosur,Ahmed H.Tewfit.Wavelet Transform Domain Adaptive Filtering.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.1997,45(3):617-630
[34]A.K.Maini,Sandhya Bajaj,Abhishek Parmar,et al.FPGA-based Signal Processor for Detection and Interpretation of Pulsed Laser Radiation.Defence Science Journal.2007,54(7):12-17
[35]David L.Donoho.De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding.IEEE Trans in Information Theory,1990,41(3):
[36]P.M.Levine,G.W.Roberts.High-Resolution Flash Time-to-Digital Conversion and Calibration for System-on-Chip Testing,IEEE Proc.-Comput.Digit.Tech.2005,125(3):24-35
[37]Martin Vetterli,Cormac Herley.Wavelet and Filter Bank:Theory and Design.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.1992,40(9):2207-2231
[38]潘松,黄继业,王国栋.现代DSP技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:10-238
[39]胡昌华等编著.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:104-159
[40]田耕,徐文波,张延伟等编著.无线通信FPGA设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2008:256-345
[41](美)Uwe Meyer Baese,刘凌 译.数字信号处理的FPGA实现(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社.2006:30-160
[42]林玉池.测量控制与仪器仪表前沿技术及发展趋势.天津:天津大学出版社.2008:67-89
[43]王旭东,勒雁霞.MATLAB及其在FPGA中的应用(第二版).北京:国防科技出版社.2008:134-168
[44]周伟,桂林,周林等.MATLAB小波分析高级技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2006:79-129
[45]王大凯,彭进业.小波分析及其在信号处理中的应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2005:99-110
[2]桑会平,邓甲昊,胡秀娟.脉冲激光引信微弱回波信号数字检测技术研究.兵工学报.2007,28(4):420-424
[3]熊飞,张晔.激光主动探测中回波信号的小波去躁方法.光学与光电技术.2007,5(6):72-74
[4]章正宇,眭晓林.激光测距弱信号数字相关检测技术的研究和仿真.中国激光.2002,29(7):661-665
[5]张宁,许洪光,张钦宇.AT84AD001型ADC在2GHz高速信号采集系统中的应用.国外电子器件.2006,10:41-44
[6]张海武,李松山,耿林.低信噪比激光弱小回波信号的数字化检测和仿真.激光与红外.2007,37(3):211-213
[7]陈千颂,赵大龙,秦来贵等.单自触发脉冲激光测距技术.激光与红外.2003,33(5):339-342
[8]仲峰,万莉萍,岳宇军.高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP2在激光测距中的应用.工业控制计算机.2007,20(4):69-72
[9]马业伟,赵尚弘,蒙文等.激光测距信号内插法研究.现代电子技术.2007,2(241):171-176
[10]刘锋.脉冲半导体激光测距机的研制及应用.红外与激光工程.2003,32(2):271-273
[11]熊飞,张哗.激光主动探测中回波信号的小波去噪方法.光学与光电技术.2007,5(6):72-74
[12]陈殿仁,邹超.APD激光回波信号探测电路系统研究.长春理工大学学报.2002,25(2):16-18
[13]韩绍坤,赵跃进,刘巽亮等.时间比例放大法在脉冲激光测距中的应用.火控雷达技术.2004,33:5-8
[14]靳维生,曾晓东,安毓英.用A/D变换及查表求解法提高激光脉冲测距的时间分辨率.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2004,31(5):666-669
[15]刘雄飞,高金定,齐海兵.LMS自适应滤波器FPGA实现的新方法.压电与声光.2007,29(1):87-89
[16]平庆伟,何佩琨,赵保军等.高分辨中远程激光测距机的数字信号处理研究.激光与红外.2003,33(4):261-264
[17]文暄,邓甲昊,李月琴.脉冲激光高精度测距的数据处理方法研究.红外与激光工程.2007,36:150-153
[18]张子瑜,吴镇扬,任永川等.离散小波变换域LMS自适应消噪.电路与系统学报.2000,5(1):77-81
[19]Jacek Stepien,Tomasz P.Zielinski.Signal Denoising Using Line-Adaptive Lifting Wavelet Transform.IEEE Instrumentation on Measurement,2001,21(23):1386-1391
[20]Milos I.Doroslovacki,Howard Fan.Wavelet-Based Liner System Modeling and Adaptive Filtering.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,1996,44(5):1156-1167
[21]Nurgun Erdol,Filiz Basbog.Wavelet Transform Based Adaptive Filter:Analysis and New Result.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,1996,44(9):2163-2171
[22]YIN Cong,HAN Shao-kun,LIU Xun-liang,et al.To Improve the Accuracy of Laser Pulse Range Finding by Time Scale-Up Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2002,11(3):450-453
[23]Daubechies I.The Wavelet Transform Time-Frequency Localization and Signal Analysis,IEEE Trans in Information Theory.1990,36:123-132
[24]Scan McKena,John Yoder.Laser Radar Technology for Airborne Theater Missile Defence.SPIE,1995,24:50-61
[25]T.Araki.Optical Distance Meter Using a Short Pulse Width Laser Diode and Fast Avalanche potodiode.Rve.Sei.Instrum.2000,66(1):43-47
[26]Kostamovaara.A High-Precision Time-to-Digital Converter for Pulsed Time-to-Flight Laser Radar Applications.IEEE Trays.Instr.and Meas.1998,47(2):521-536
[27]Stephane Mallat.A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing.北京:机械工业出版社.2003:130-230
[28]Wim Sweldens.The Lifting Scheme:A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets.Mathematical Analysis.1995:1-36
[29]K Nakamura,T Hara,M Yoshida,et al.Optical Frequency Domain Ranging by a Frequency-Shifted Feedback Laser. IEEE J.of Quantu.Elec.2000,36(3):305-316
[30]E P Gordov.Basic and application detection of weak signal.SPIE,2003,3485:583-586.
[31]Girish Ganesan.Space-time Block Codes:A Maxi-mum SNR Approach.IEEE,2001,(37):1650-1656.
[32]Liang Zhang,Demin Wang,Andre Vincent.Adaptive SPIHT for Image Coding Based on Cured Wavelet Transform.SPIE.2002,56(85):160-163
[33]S.O.Rice.Mathematical Analysis of Random Noise.Bell System Technical Journal.1994,23:282-332.
[33]Srinath Hosur,Ahmed H.Tewfit.Wavelet Transform Domain Adaptive Filtering.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.1997,45(3):617-630
[34]A.K.Maini,Sandhya Bajaj,Abhishek Parmar,et al.FPGA-based Signal Processor for Detection and Interpretation of Pulsed Laser Radiation.Defence Science Journal.2007,54(7):12-17
[35]David L.Donoho.De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding.IEEE Trans in Information Theory,1990,41(3):
[36]P.M.Levine,G.W.Roberts.High-Resolution Flash Time-to-Digital Conversion and Calibration for System-on-Chip Testing,IEEE Proc.-Comput.Digit.Tech.2005,125(3):24-35
[37]Martin Vetterli,Cormac Herley.Wavelet and Filter Bank:Theory and Design.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.1992,40(9):2207-2231
[38]潘松,黄继业,王国栋.现代DSP技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:10-238
[39]胡昌华等编著.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:104-159
[40]田耕,徐文波,张延伟等编著.无线通信FPGA设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2008:256-345
[41](美)Uwe Meyer Baese,刘凌 译.数字信号处理的FPGA实现(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社.2006:30-160
[42]林玉池.测量控制与仪器仪表前沿技术及发展趋势.天津:天津大学出版社.2008:67-89
[43]王旭东,勒雁霞.MATLAB及其在FPGA中的应用(第二版).北京:国防科技出版社.2008:134-168
[44]周伟,桂林,周林等.MATLAB小波分析高级技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2006:79-129
[45]王大凯,彭进业.小波分析及其在信号处理中的应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2005:99-110