三维VSP多波波场分离方法研究
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摘要
三维三分量VSP技术是开发地震中的重点方法之一。但由于三维VSP观测系统的特殊性以及三分量检波器接收系统自身的特点,在三维三分量VSP资料处理中存在许多新的问题,如三分量检波器坐标定位及波场分离处理是首先要解决的问题,这也是VSP处理中的重要任务。本文针对以上两个问题,在分析常规VSP处理方法基础上,结合三维三分量VSP资料特点及波场特征,研究三维VSP三分量检波器坐标旋转定位及波场分离处理方法,在这一过程中还分析了影响波场分离效果的各种因素,并提出了改进方案;在分析各种方法的基础上,文章同时还总结了多种方法的优缺点和不同适用条件;文章最后将多种方法应用于VSP理论模型和实际三维三分量VSP资料的处理,验证了方法的可靠性和有效性。论文的研究工作主要分为以下方面:
(1)针对三分量VSP接收系统及资料的特点,分析定向前后的三分量方向及坐标关系,研究直井三分量和斜井三分量(包括零偏和非零偏)坐标旋转方法;其间针对能量特征对水平分量方位角的影响展开讨论,得出水平分量方位角的计算公式。以上工作为后面的波场分离处理打下了良好基础。
(2)在分析总结常规VSP波场分离处理方法基础上,结合三维VSP特点及地震波传播的视速度和偏振特性,分别研究τ-p变换、中值滤波以及τ-p变换与偏振分析相结合的波场分离方法;同时分析影响分离效果的各种因素(如参数选择、道间距、假频等等),并提出改进方法;最后比较总结了各种方法的优缺点及适用条件。
(3)用射线追踪方法模拟VSP地震记录,将以上方法用于理论记录处理,验证方法可靠性;针对歧口18-2油田P6井VSP三分量实际资料进行旋转定向及波场分离处理,验证方法的有效性。
The three-dimensional and three-component VSP technology is one of the key methods in developing seismic. As the speciality of the three-dimensional VSP observation system and the characteristics of three-component receivers system itself, there are many new problems in processing the three-dimensional and three-component VSP data,at the same time,it also is an important task of VSP data processing. In this paper, these two problems are in important position. The article based on the analysising conventional VSP processing, integrated the features of the three-dimensional and three-component VSP data and the characteristics of the wave field and studied the three-dimensional and three-component VSP geophone coordinate rotation positioning and wave field separation approach.The paper also analyzed the various factors that impact the wave field separation results, and proposed the improved scheme. Based on the analysising the various methods,the article also has summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and different application conditions. At last, the article used the every method in VSP theoretical models and real three-dimensional three-component VSP data processing and has verified the reliability and validity of the methods. The research of paper was divided into several steps:
(1) For the characteristics of the three-component VSP data receiving system, the paper analyzed the orientation around the direction and coordinate relations between the three components and studied the method of three-component coordinate rotation of vertical and inclined wells (including the zero-bias and non-zero partial). At the same time,the paper has discussed how characteristics of the energy impacted the azimuth of thehorizontal component and has get the formula for calculating the azimuth of horizontal component.All above work has layed the foundation for behind the wave field separation.
(2)Based on analyzing and summarizing conventional VSP wavefield separation approaches, in combination with 3D VSP characteristics and the apparent velocity of seismic wave propagation and polarization properties,the paper has reserched the methods ofτ-p transformation、Median filter and method ofτ-p transformation with polarization analysis.The paper has also analyzed the various factors that impact the wave field separation results(such as Preferencing,Track pitch and Alias), and proposed the improved scheme and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and different application conditions.
(3) The paper has analoged VSP seismic record with ray tracing method and processed the theoretical model with these methods to verify the their reliability;Then the article has processed the 3D VSP actual data of P6 well of qikou 18-2 Oilfield in rotation orientation and wave field separation and has verified the effectiveness of the methods.
(1)针对三分量VSP接收系统及资料的特点,分析定向前后的三分量方向及坐标关系,研究直井三分量和斜井三分量(包括零偏和非零偏)坐标旋转方法;其间针对能量特征对水平分量方位角的影响展开讨论,得出水平分量方位角的计算公式。以上工作为后面的波场分离处理打下了良好基础。
(2)在分析总结常规VSP波场分离处理方法基础上,结合三维VSP特点及地震波传播的视速度和偏振特性,分别研究τ-p变换、中值滤波以及τ-p变换与偏振分析相结合的波场分离方法;同时分析影响分离效果的各种因素(如参数选择、道间距、假频等等),并提出改进方法;最后比较总结了各种方法的优缺点及适用条件。
(3)用射线追踪方法模拟VSP地震记录,将以上方法用于理论记录处理,验证方法可靠性;针对歧口18-2油田P6井VSP三分量实际资料进行旋转定向及波场分离处理,验证方法的有效性。
The three-dimensional and three-component VSP technology is one of the key methods in developing seismic. As the speciality of the three-dimensional VSP observation system and the characteristics of three-component receivers system itself, there are many new problems in processing the three-dimensional and three-component VSP data,at the same time,it also is an important task of VSP data processing. In this paper, these two problems are in important position. The article based on the analysising conventional VSP processing, integrated the features of the three-dimensional and three-component VSP data and the characteristics of the wave field and studied the three-dimensional and three-component VSP geophone coordinate rotation positioning and wave field separation approach.The paper also analyzed the various factors that impact the wave field separation results, and proposed the improved scheme. Based on the analysising the various methods,the article also has summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and different application conditions. At last, the article used the every method in VSP theoretical models and real three-dimensional three-component VSP data processing and has verified the reliability and validity of the methods. The research of paper was divided into several steps:
(1) For the characteristics of the three-component VSP data receiving system, the paper analyzed the orientation around the direction and coordinate relations between the three components and studied the method of three-component coordinate rotation of vertical and inclined wells (including the zero-bias and non-zero partial). At the same time,the paper has discussed how characteristics of the energy impacted the azimuth of thehorizontal component and has get the formula for calculating the azimuth of horizontal component.All above work has layed the foundation for behind the wave field separation.
(2)Based on analyzing and summarizing conventional VSP wavefield separation approaches, in combination with 3D VSP characteristics and the apparent velocity of seismic wave propagation and polarization properties,the paper has reserched the methods ofτ-p transformation、Median filter and method ofτ-p transformation with polarization analysis.The paper has also analyzed the various factors that impact the wave field separation results(such as Preferencing,Track pitch and Alias), and proposed the improved scheme and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and different application conditions.
(3) The paper has analoged VSP seismic record with ray tracing method and processed the theoretical model with these methods to verify the their reliability;Then the article has processed the 3D VSP actual data of P6 well of qikou 18-2 Oilfield in rotation orientation and wave field separation and has verified the effectiveness of the methods.
引文
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[64]王理.频率一空间域τ-p变换[J].石油物探,1992,31(l):29~30三年的研究生学习生活很快要结束了,在这段弥足珍贵的学习生涯中,我收获了很多专业知识,感悟了许多生活的真谛,与此同时也学会了感恩。由衷地感谢我的导师李录明教授在我的论文研究期间给予的指导和启发,李老师所带领的这个团队扎实的学术基础、求实创新的科研氛围以及在地震波传播、成像、反演以及地质解释等方向卓有成效的工作为我的学习和研究提供了重要保障。在拜师李老师门下学习的三年中,我对老师刻苦钻研的学术精神和正直敬业的人格魅力崇敬不已,这些都将是我走上工作岗位和以后生活的宝贵财富。感谢母校多年来对我的培养,使我在这个环境优美、鸟语花香的校园中渡过了难忘的大学本科生活和紧张的研究生生涯,母校“穷究于理、成就于工”的校训激励着一代代理工人发扬不甘人后、敢为人先的拼搏进取精神。感谢我的同门斯兴焱、苏媛媛、史运华、钟峙、刘建英、赵俊省、王堃、邬静、蔡伟涛、江伟同学三年来的陪伴，大家建立的和谐友好的学习氛围和的手足般的兄弟感情令我终身难忘并受益匪浅,其中,尤其要感谢赵俊省同学在日常学习和撰写论文过程中对我的耐心帮助。感谢地球物理系的老师、师兄以及师弟师妹们对我的帮助,尤其感谢师
弟丁拼搏同学,他在我的撰写论文过程中牺牲了宝贵时间,做了不少的协助工作,在这里一并对他表示感谢。感谢我的男朋友黄志煌对我的支持和陪伴,在他的熏陶下,我的学生生活增添了很多目标和乐趣,生活也更加丰富多彩。
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[10]胡天跃,张广娟,赵伟,温书亮,多分量地震波波场分解研究,地球物理学报,2004,Vol47,N0.3
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[13]严又生等.三维三分量vsP数据处理方法及效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005
[14]李远钦,牟永光.Radon变换在VSP波场分离中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(6):653~661
[15]牟风明.三维VSP波场分离与成像:[学位论文].北京:中国石油大学,2008.
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[64]王理.频率一空间域τ-p变换[J].石油物探,1992,31(l):29~30三年的研究生学习生活很快要结束了,在这段弥足珍贵的学习生涯中,我收获了很多专业知识,感悟了许多生活的真谛,与此同时也学会了感恩。由衷地感谢我的导师李录明教授在我的论文研究期间给予的指导和启发,李老师所带领的这个团队扎实的学术基础、求实创新的科研氛围以及在地震波传播、成像、反演以及地质解释等方向卓有成效的工作为我的学习和研究提供了重要保障。在拜师李老师门下学习的三年中,我对老师刻苦钻研的学术精神和正直敬业的人格魅力崇敬不已,这些都将是我走上工作岗位和以后生活的宝贵财富。感谢母校多年来对我的培养,使我在这个环境优美、鸟语花香的校园中渡过了难忘的大学本科生活和紧张的研究生生涯,母校“穷究于理、成就于工”的校训激励着一代代理工人发扬不甘人后、敢为人先的拼搏进取精神。感谢我的同门斯兴焱、苏媛媛、史运华、钟峙、刘建英、赵俊省、王堃、邬静、蔡伟涛、江伟同学三年来的陪伴，大家建立的和谐友好的学习氛围和的手足般的兄弟感情令我终身难忘并受益匪浅,其中,尤其要感谢赵俊省同学在日常学习和撰写论文过程中对我的耐心帮助。感谢地球物理系的老师、师兄以及师弟师妹们对我的帮助,尤其感谢师
弟丁拼搏同学,他在我的撰写论文过程中牺牲了宝贵时间,做了不少的协助工作,在这里一并对他表示感谢。感谢我的男朋友黄志煌对我的支持和陪伴,在他的熏陶下,我的学生生活增添了很多目标和乐趣,生活也更加丰富多彩。