静电场中射流破裂荷电液滴脱硫机理与实验研究
|
摘要
工业生产过程中排放的含SO2烟气给人们带来了极大的危害,解决SO2污染问题迫在眉睫。传统的脱硫技术都存在难以克服的缺点,如成本高、脱硫产物不能综合利用等。针对这些问题,本文提出了荷电喷雾脱硫技术。
本文首先探讨了荷电喷雾技术及其脱硫机理。研究表明,气液两相射流的感应荷电能获得较大荷电量的雾滴,其荷电破裂主要是由于库仑斥力导致表面张力的降低而引起的。荷电雾滴的脱硫机理主要取决于其物理作用,雾滴表面的净电荷只能间接地通过雾滴对吸收过程起促进作用,其本身并不具有吸收SO2的特性。
实验得出了荷电电压与液气比对雾滴荷质比的影响,实验值与理论表达式具有很好的一致性。
对湿法烟气脱硫系统引入静电效应后产生的脱硫增益作用进行了实验测定。水雾荷电前后的脱硫效率比较实验结果表明,对于较低的SO2浓度,这种效应可使雾滴脱硫效率增加8个百分点左右。实验还讨论了荷电电压、液气比、进口SO2浓度、雾滴距喷嘴的距离对脱硫效率的影响。实验及理论分析指出,荷电对强化烟气脱硫是有益的,雾滴带电后本质上提高了雾滴的表面活性,改善了脱硫通道中雾滴的弥散程度,从而加速了SO2的吸收进程。
Flue gas containing SO2 emitted from the process of the industry production can result in huge damage to human. It’s an emergency to resolve the problem of SO2 pollution. The traditional desulfurization technology has some disadvantages, for example, high investment and poor utilization. Due to these problems, desulfurizing technology with charged spray is proposed.
Charged spray technology and desulfurization mechanism is discussed in this paper. The research shows that high electric charged droplets can be obtained from faradic gas-fluid two-phase jet. The breakup of charged droplets is caused by coulomb repulsion force which leads to decreased surface tension. The desulfurization mechanism of charged droplets depends on physical effect. Net electric charge in the surface of droplets which doesn’t have the quality of SO2 absorption only stimulates the progress of droplets absorption.
The influence of voltage and liquid flux-gas flux ratio to charge-mass ratio is obtained from the experiments. The experimental results is extraordinary consistent with the theoretical results. The enhancement of SO2 absorption efficiencies in a wet flue gas desulfurization system is investigated by introducing electrostatic effect. SO2 absorption efficiencies by water droplets, with and without charges, are compared, and the results indicate that an increment of 8 percent in SO2 removal efficiency can be obtained with a lower initial concentration of SO2. The experiments also discuss the relations that desulfurization efficiency with the voltage, the liquid flux-gas flux ratio, the incoming concentration of SO2 and the distance from droplets to nozzle. The experimental and theoretical analysis shows that net charges on water droplets are beneficial for SO2 capture. The electrostatic effect can improve surface chemical activity and the distributional uniformity of the droplets in the absorption chamber.
本文首先探讨了荷电喷雾技术及其脱硫机理。研究表明,气液两相射流的感应荷电能获得较大荷电量的雾滴,其荷电破裂主要是由于库仑斥力导致表面张力的降低而引起的。荷电雾滴的脱硫机理主要取决于其物理作用,雾滴表面的净电荷只能间接地通过雾滴对吸收过程起促进作用,其本身并不具有吸收SO2的特性。
实验得出了荷电电压与液气比对雾滴荷质比的影响,实验值与理论表达式具有很好的一致性。
对湿法烟气脱硫系统引入静电效应后产生的脱硫增益作用进行了实验测定。水雾荷电前后的脱硫效率比较实验结果表明,对于较低的SO2浓度,这种效应可使雾滴脱硫效率增加8个百分点左右。实验还讨论了荷电电压、液气比、进口SO2浓度、雾滴距喷嘴的距离对脱硫效率的影响。实验及理论分析指出,荷电对强化烟气脱硫是有益的,雾滴带电后本质上提高了雾滴的表面活性,改善了脱硫通道中雾滴的弥散程度,从而加速了SO2的吸收进程。
Flue gas containing SO2 emitted from the process of the industry production can result in huge damage to human. It’s an emergency to resolve the problem of SO2 pollution. The traditional desulfurization technology has some disadvantages, for example, high investment and poor utilization. Due to these problems, desulfurizing technology with charged spray is proposed.
Charged spray technology and desulfurization mechanism is discussed in this paper. The research shows that high electric charged droplets can be obtained from faradic gas-fluid two-phase jet. The breakup of charged droplets is caused by coulomb repulsion force which leads to decreased surface tension. The desulfurization mechanism of charged droplets depends on physical effect. Net electric charge in the surface of droplets which doesn’t have the quality of SO2 absorption only stimulates the progress of droplets absorption.
The influence of voltage and liquid flux-gas flux ratio to charge-mass ratio is obtained from the experiments. The experimental results is extraordinary consistent with the theoretical results. The enhancement of SO2 absorption efficiencies in a wet flue gas desulfurization system is investigated by introducing electrostatic effect. SO2 absorption efficiencies by water droplets, with and without charges, are compared, and the results indicate that an increment of 8 percent in SO2 removal efficiency can be obtained with a lower initial concentration of SO2. The experiments also discuss the relations that desulfurization efficiency with the voltage, the liquid flux-gas flux ratio, the incoming concentration of SO2 and the distance from droplets to nozzle. The experimental and theoretical analysis shows that net charges on water droplets are beneficial for SO2 capture. The electrostatic effect can improve surface chemical activity and the distributional uniformity of the droplets in the absorption chamber.
引文
[1] 赵敏. 目前我国火电厂烟气脱硫工程概况及其建设特点[J]. 电力建设. 2002,1:3-5
[2] 张慧明. 烟气脱硫技术讲座(第四讲)
[3] 郝吉明,马广大,俞坷等. 大气污染控制工程[M]. 高等教育出版社. 1989
[4] 陈亚非. 烟气脱硫技术综述[J]. 制冷空调. 2002,85(23): 35-37
[5] G.bern.Removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas[J].Filtration and separation.1996,33(2):116-127
[6] 高建. 喷雾干燥法烟气脱硫技术研究[D]. 南京工业大学. 2004
[7] 杜建敏. 干法与半干法烟气脱硫技术综述[J]. 工业安全与环保. 2002, 28(6):13-15
[8] 吴冲. 湿式电晕放电脱硫研究[D]. 武汉大学. 2004
[9] 周黎明,李瑞年. 负极性高压脉冲电晕脱除 NO 的研究[J]. 西安工业学院学报. 1994,14(3):198-205
[10]颜峥,余刚,顾播. 等离子体脱硫脱硝研究[J]. 能源研究与利用. 2001,3:31-34
[11]王木中. 浅谈循环硫化床锅炉的气体污染控制[J]. 矿山环保. 2003,2:28-30
[12]Semidry gas purification. http://www:vonrollinova.ch/englishnterlagen/pdf/vri.quasitrocken
[13]催一尘. 燃煤烟气脱硫技术发展及其应用前景[J]. 热电技术. 2001,4:19-20
[14]H.karlsson,T.Klingspor. Absorption of Hydrochloride acid of solid slaked lime for Flue gas clean up[J].Air pollute control assoc.1981,18(5):239
[15]刘勇健,庄虹. 稀上改性烟气脱硫剂脱硫作用的研究[J]. 苏州城建环保学院学报. 2002,15(2):12-17
[16]李艳萍,李勇. 海水脱硫工艺及在我省沿海电厂的应用前景[J]. 山东电力技术. 1999,3:11-46
[17]廖文卓,陈松. 海水 pH 值对疏浚物中重金属释放的影响[J]. 台湾海峡. 1994, 13(4):388-393
[18]N.Tandon,P.Ramalingam,A.Q.Malik. Dispersion of Flue Gases from power Plants in Brunei Darussalam[J]. Appl.Geophys.2003, 160:405-418
[19]刘彤,程金明. 烟气脱硫的新方法—海水烟气脱硫法的原理及应用[J]. 电力环境保护. 1996,1:37-44
[20]赵汪初. 电站锅炉除硫简介[J]. 锅炉技术. 1998,4:19-20
[21]Bose G.M.Phlios.Trans.R.Soc.London.1748, 45:187
[22]Zeleny.J.Phys.Rev., 1917,10:1
[23]Drozin.Ibid., 1955,10:158
[24]Rayleigh L. Proc.London Math.Soc.1879,10:4
[25]Rayleigh,Lord.On the Instability of Jets[J].Proc London Math.Soc,10(1878) 4-13
[26]王喜忠,于才渊,周才君喷雾干燥[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社. 2003,40-50
[27]Law, S. E. and Bowen, H. D., Charging Liquid Spray by Electrostatic Induction[J]. Trans. of the ASAE, 9(4), 501-506, 1966
[28]Marchant, J. A., Dix, A. J. and Wilson, J. M., The Electrostatic Charging of Spray Produced by Hydraulic Nozzles[J].Part Ι: Theoretical Analysis, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 31 (1985) 329-344, Part ΙΙ: Experiment, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 31: 345-360, 1985
[29]Moore, A. D., Electrostatics and its Applications[J], Wiley Interscience, New York, 1973
[30]Carlton, J. B. and Bouse, L. F., Electrostatic Spinner-Nozzle for Charging Aerial Sprays[J], Trans. of the ASAE, 18(1) :1369-1373 and 1378, 1980
[31]Marchant, S. E., An Electrostatic Spinning Disc Atomiser[J], Trans. of the ASAE, 28(2): 386-392, 1985
[32]Gupta, C. P., Singh, G., Muhaemin, M. and Dante, E. T., Field Performance of A Hand-Held Electrostatic Spinning Disc Sprayer[J], Trans. of the ASAE, 35(6): 1753-1359, 1992
[33]White H.J., Industrial Electrostatic Precipitation[M],Massachusetts, Andison-Wesley, Reading,1963,95-293
[34]Hiroyasu, H., Shimizu, M. and Arai, M., The Breakup of High Speed Jet in a High Pressure Gaseous Atmosphere[J], Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Madison, Wis. , 1982,22:69-74
[35]Arai, M., Shimizu, M. and Hiroyasu, H., Breakup Length and Spray Angle of High Speed Jet[J], Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, London., 1985 ,1(4):1-10
[36]Garmendia L., A Simplified Model of Electro-Aerodynamic Atomization[J], AIChE. J., 1977, 23(6): 935-938
[37]朱和平,冼福生,高良润. 环电极带电射流雾化特性的研究[J]. 江苏工学院学报. 1991,12(2):1-7
[38]Sauter,J.. Determining Size of Drops in Fuel Mixture of Internal Combustion Engines[J], NACA TM,1926,390
[39]Lefebvre, A. H., Some Recent Developments in Twin-Fluid Atomization[J], Part. Part. System. Charact.,1996,13: 205-216
[40]Kim, K. Y. and Marshall, W. R. Jr., Drop-Size Distribution from Pneumatic Atomizers[J], AIChE J., 1971, 17(3) :575-584
[41]Lorenzetto, G. E. and Lefebvre, A. H., Measurements of Drop Size on a Plain Jet Airblast Atomizer[J], AIAA J., 1977, 15(7): 1006-1010
[42]Rizk, N. K. and Lefebvre, A. H., Spray Characteristics of Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizers[J], Trans. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 1984,106: 639-644
[43]江苏工学院. 静电喷雾理论及其测试技术的研究科研评议资料汇集. 1985.10
[44]朱和平. 静电喷雾理论及其喷头的研究[D]. 江苏工学院博士论文. 1990
[45]Durham K. Giles et al. Space charge deposition of pesticide onto cylindrical target arrays[J].Transaction of ASAE Vol. 28(3), May-June 1985,658-664
[46]高良润等. 静电喷雾治虫实验[J]. 农业机械学报. 1994,25(2):30-36
[47]王荣. 植保机械学[M]. 机械工业出版社. 1990
[48]王锡春等. 汽车车身自动静电涂装技术[J]. 涂料工业. 1997,3:26-28
[49]Thong.K.C ,F.J.Weinberg. Electrical control of the combustion of solid and liquid particulate suspensions[J].Proc.Roy.Soc, 1971, 324: 201-215
[50]Jones A.R, Thong K.C.The production of charged monodisperse full droplets by electrical dispersion.Brit[J].Jour.A ppl.Phy. Series.D ,1971,4:1159-1166
[51]王泽. 荷电气固两相流及在植保工程中的应用[D]. 江苏理工大学博士学位论文.1994
[52]Basset A B. Hydrodynamics [M]. Newyork:[s.h.],1961
[53]罗宏昌,毕载俊,伍学正等. 静电实用技术手册[M]. 上海:上海科学普及出版社. 1990
[54]王军锋. 荷电喷雾燃烧的基础研究[D]. 江苏大学博士学位论文. 2002
[55]Law S E. Embedded electrostatic-induction spray-charging nozzle:Theoretical and engineering design [J].Trans ASAE,1978,21(5):1096-1104
[56]Matteson M J, Giardina P J .Mass transfer of sulfur dioxide to growing droplets: Role of surface electrical properties[J].Environ Sci&Technol,1974,8(1):50-55
[57]Melcher J R, et al. Overview of electrostatic devices for control of submicrometer particles [J].Proc IEEE, 1977, 65(12):1659-1669
[58]叶红卫,栾昌才. 水雾荷电量与荷质比的关系[J]. 电力环境保护. 1996,12(2):1-3
[59]J.D.Moon, D.H.Lee, T.J.kang, K.S.Yon. A capacitive type of electrostatic spraying nozzle[J]. Journal of Electrostatics ,2003,57:363-379
[60]齐金彦,韩国君. 电喷雾器的性能研究[J]. 工业安全与防尘. 1999,6:21-23
[61]周鹏. 静电场中射流破裂微超高荷质比带电液滴的机理及烟尘净化研究[D]. 武汉科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007
[62]刘珍. 化验员读本[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社. 1998:7-10
[63]Cedergren A. Oxidative coulometric trace determination of sulphur in hydrocarbons [J]. Talanta,1973,20:621-630
[64]张金锐. 微库仑仪分析原理及应用[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社. 1984:10-13
[2] 张慧明. 烟气脱硫技术讲座(第四讲)
[3] 郝吉明,马广大,俞坷等. 大气污染控制工程[M]. 高等教育出版社. 1989
[4] 陈亚非. 烟气脱硫技术综述[J]. 制冷空调. 2002,85(23): 35-37
[5] G.bern.Removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas[J].Filtration and separation.1996,33(2):116-127
[6] 高建. 喷雾干燥法烟气脱硫技术研究[D]. 南京工业大学. 2004
[7] 杜建敏. 干法与半干法烟气脱硫技术综述[J]. 工业安全与环保. 2002, 28(6):13-15
[8] 吴冲. 湿式电晕放电脱硫研究[D]. 武汉大学. 2004
[9] 周黎明,李瑞年. 负极性高压脉冲电晕脱除 NO 的研究[J]. 西安工业学院学报. 1994,14(3):198-205
[10]颜峥,余刚,顾播. 等离子体脱硫脱硝研究[J]. 能源研究与利用. 2001,3:31-34
[11]王木中. 浅谈循环硫化床锅炉的气体污染控制[J]. 矿山环保. 2003,2:28-30
[12]Semidry gas purification. http://www:vonrollinova.ch/englishnterlagen/pdf/vri.quasitrocken
[13]催一尘. 燃煤烟气脱硫技术发展及其应用前景[J]. 热电技术. 2001,4:19-20
[14]H.karlsson,T.Klingspor. Absorption of Hydrochloride acid of solid slaked lime for Flue gas clean up[J].Air pollute control assoc.1981,18(5):239
[15]刘勇健,庄虹. 稀上改性烟气脱硫剂脱硫作用的研究[J]. 苏州城建环保学院学报. 2002,15(2):12-17
[16]李艳萍,李勇. 海水脱硫工艺及在我省沿海电厂的应用前景[J]. 山东电力技术. 1999,3:11-46
[17]廖文卓,陈松. 海水 pH 值对疏浚物中重金属释放的影响[J]. 台湾海峡. 1994, 13(4):388-393
[18]N.Tandon,P.Ramalingam,A.Q.Malik. Dispersion of Flue Gases from power Plants in Brunei Darussalam[J]. Appl.Geophys.2003, 160:405-418
[19]刘彤,程金明. 烟气脱硫的新方法—海水烟气脱硫法的原理及应用[J]. 电力环境保护. 1996,1:37-44
[20]赵汪初. 电站锅炉除硫简介[J]. 锅炉技术. 1998,4:19-20
[21]Bose G.M.Phlios.Trans.R.Soc.London.1748, 45:187
[22]Zeleny.J.Phys.Rev., 1917,10:1
[23]Drozin.Ibid., 1955,10:158
[24]Rayleigh L. Proc.London Math.Soc.1879,10:4
[25]Rayleigh,Lord.On the Instability of Jets[J].Proc London Math.Soc,10(1878) 4-13
[26]王喜忠,于才渊,周才君喷雾干燥[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社. 2003,40-50
[27]Law, S. E. and Bowen, H. D., Charging Liquid Spray by Electrostatic Induction[J]. Trans. of the ASAE, 9(4), 501-506, 1966
[28]Marchant, J. A., Dix, A. J. and Wilson, J. M., The Electrostatic Charging of Spray Produced by Hydraulic Nozzles[J].Part Ι: Theoretical Analysis, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 31 (1985) 329-344, Part ΙΙ: Experiment, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 31: 345-360, 1985
[29]Moore, A. D., Electrostatics and its Applications[J], Wiley Interscience, New York, 1973
[30]Carlton, J. B. and Bouse, L. F., Electrostatic Spinner-Nozzle for Charging Aerial Sprays[J], Trans. of the ASAE, 18(1) :1369-1373 and 1378, 1980
[31]Marchant, S. E., An Electrostatic Spinning Disc Atomiser[J], Trans. of the ASAE, 28(2): 386-392, 1985
[32]Gupta, C. P., Singh, G., Muhaemin, M. and Dante, E. T., Field Performance of A Hand-Held Electrostatic Spinning Disc Sprayer[J], Trans. of the ASAE, 35(6): 1753-1359, 1992
[33]White H.J., Industrial Electrostatic Precipitation[M],Massachusetts, Andison-Wesley, Reading,1963,95-293
[34]Hiroyasu, H., Shimizu, M. and Arai, M., The Breakup of High Speed Jet in a High Pressure Gaseous Atmosphere[J], Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Madison, Wis. , 1982,22:69-74
[35]Arai, M., Shimizu, M. and Hiroyasu, H., Breakup Length and Spray Angle of High Speed Jet[J], Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, London., 1985 ,1(4):1-10
[36]Garmendia L., A Simplified Model of Electro-Aerodynamic Atomization[J], AIChE. J., 1977, 23(6): 935-938
[37]朱和平,冼福生,高良润. 环电极带电射流雾化特性的研究[J]. 江苏工学院学报. 1991,12(2):1-7
[38]Sauter,J.. Determining Size of Drops in Fuel Mixture of Internal Combustion Engines[J], NACA TM,1926,390
[39]Lefebvre, A. H., Some Recent Developments in Twin-Fluid Atomization[J], Part. Part. System. Charact.,1996,13: 205-216
[40]Kim, K. Y. and Marshall, W. R. Jr., Drop-Size Distribution from Pneumatic Atomizers[J], AIChE J., 1971, 17(3) :575-584
[41]Lorenzetto, G. E. and Lefebvre, A. H., Measurements of Drop Size on a Plain Jet Airblast Atomizer[J], AIAA J., 1977, 15(7): 1006-1010
[42]Rizk, N. K. and Lefebvre, A. H., Spray Characteristics of Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizers[J], Trans. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 1984,106: 639-644
[43]江苏工学院. 静电喷雾理论及其测试技术的研究科研评议资料汇集. 1985.10
[44]朱和平. 静电喷雾理论及其喷头的研究[D]. 江苏工学院博士论文. 1990
[45]Durham K. Giles et al. Space charge deposition of pesticide onto cylindrical target arrays[J].Transaction of ASAE Vol. 28(3), May-June 1985,658-664
[46]高良润等. 静电喷雾治虫实验[J]. 农业机械学报. 1994,25(2):30-36
[47]王荣. 植保机械学[M]. 机械工业出版社. 1990
[48]王锡春等. 汽车车身自动静电涂装技术[J]. 涂料工业. 1997,3:26-28
[49]Thong.K.C ,F.J.Weinberg. Electrical control of the combustion of solid and liquid particulate suspensions[J].Proc.Roy.Soc, 1971, 324: 201-215
[50]Jones A.R, Thong K.C.The production of charged monodisperse full droplets by electrical dispersion.Brit[J].Jour.A ppl.Phy. Series.D ,1971,4:1159-1166
[51]王泽. 荷电气固两相流及在植保工程中的应用[D]. 江苏理工大学博士学位论文.1994
[52]Basset A B. Hydrodynamics [M]. Newyork:[s.h.],1961
[53]罗宏昌,毕载俊,伍学正等. 静电实用技术手册[M]. 上海:上海科学普及出版社. 1990
[54]王军锋. 荷电喷雾燃烧的基础研究[D]. 江苏大学博士学位论文. 2002
[55]Law S E. Embedded electrostatic-induction spray-charging nozzle:Theoretical and engineering design [J].Trans ASAE,1978,21(5):1096-1104
[56]Matteson M J, Giardina P J .Mass transfer of sulfur dioxide to growing droplets: Role of surface electrical properties[J].Environ Sci&Technol,1974,8(1):50-55
[57]Melcher J R, et al. Overview of electrostatic devices for control of submicrometer particles [J].Proc IEEE, 1977, 65(12):1659-1669
[58]叶红卫,栾昌才. 水雾荷电量与荷质比的关系[J]. 电力环境保护. 1996,12(2):1-3
[59]J.D.Moon, D.H.Lee, T.J.kang, K.S.Yon. A capacitive type of electrostatic spraying nozzle[J]. Journal of Electrostatics ,2003,57:363-379
[60]齐金彦,韩国君. 电喷雾器的性能研究[J]. 工业安全与防尘. 1999,6:21-23
[61]周鹏. 静电场中射流破裂微超高荷质比带电液滴的机理及烟尘净化研究[D]. 武汉科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007
[62]刘珍. 化验员读本[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社. 1998:7-10
[63]Cedergren A. Oxidative coulometric trace determination of sulphur in hydrocarbons [J]. Talanta,1973,20:621-630
[64]张金锐. 微库仑仪分析原理及应用[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社. 1984:10-13