摘要
鸡球虫病是由艾美耳球虫引起的一种细胞内寄生虫病,本病主要发生于3月龄内的雏鸡,15~50日龄内最易感染,发病率高达70%,死亡率20~50%,全球每年因本病造成的经济损失达20亿美元。目前,药物防治仍是防止本病流行的主要措施,但是因鸡球虫耐药虫株的迅速产生而大大降低了药效。鉴于此,高效、低毒、不易产生耐药性的抗球虫新药的研制已迫在眉捷。
本研究拟评价对上海新亚药业有限公司生产的妥曲珠利对鸡球虫的临床疗效、药物毒性和药物残留等,进而为兽医临床的合理应用和食品卫生奠定理论和实验基础。
临床疗效实验,分别对给药后的各组试验鸡的临床症状、发病率、死亡率、相对增重率、粪便记分、病变记分、卵囊值等指标进行考察,并按默克公司的抗球虫指数方法进行计算。
急性毒性实验,分别以不同剂量的药物给大鼠灌胃给药,同时设立空白对照组。结果显示,妥曲珠利的半数致死量LD50为4645mg/kg,95%置信区间为4358mg/kg~4950mg/kg。根据药物急性毒性分级,妥曲珠利属毒性小药物。
药物残留实验,检测妥曲珠利在鸡肝、肾、肌肉3种组织中的残留。用乙腈一乙酸乙酯(3/2 v/v)提取组织中的药物,利用高效液相色谱法测定组织中妥曲珠利的浓度。结果表明,100mg/kg饲料添加妥曲珠利在鸡体内休药期为14d,50mg/kg时休药期为8d,与农业部制定的无公害兽药标准75~100 mg/kg一致。
上述实验结果证实,妥曲珠利具有高效、低毒、不易产生耐药性的特点,有望成为新一代抗球虫药物。
Fowl Globidiosis pertains to a kind of cytozoon disease caused by Eimeria tenella and mainly occurs in three months especially from 15 months to 45 months, leading to 70 percent disease incidence, death rate ranging from 20 percent to 50 percent and 2 billion dollor loss every year. Nowadays, fowl globidiosis was mainly treated by drugs, which pharmacodynamic action was cut down as the birth of new coccidian strain. It was urgent to develop the anti-coccidian drug possessing the characteristic of high performance, least toxicity and difficult to form drug resistance.
Experimental researchs including curative effect, toxicity and residual of toltrazuril produced by shanghai xinya Co.Ltd in order to provide certain theory and experiment foundation for veterinary practice and food sanitation.
Clinical curative effect was determined by clinical symptom, disease incidence,mortalit, relative growth rate, excrement and urine score, pathological change score, oosphere etc, and gained anti-coccidian index by Merck method.
Different group of rats were treated by intragastric administration and meanwhile control group was prepared.The results showed that median lethal dose(LD50) of toltrazuril was 4645mg/kg and 95% confidence interval ranged from 4358mg/kgto 4950mg/kg.Toltrazuril was a kind of least toxicity drug according to acute toxic ranking standard.
Toltrazuril residual was determined by high efficiency liquid chromatography after extracting from fowl liver, kidney and muscle (acetonitrile and acetoacetate, 3/2v/v).The results showed that drug holiday of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg toltrazuril were respectively 14 days and 7 days, which conformed to safe animal medicine standard enacted by Ministry of Agriculture(from 75mg/kg to 100mg/kg).
These experimental results demonstrates that toltrazuril has the feature of high performance, least toxicity and difficult to form drug resistance and would be new anti-coccidian drug in future .
引文
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