计算机辅助业务流程再造系统的知识规则体系研究
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摘要
开发集成性的计算机辅助业务流程再造系统(Computer-Aided Business ProcessReengineering System。CABPRS),提高再造工作的质量和效率,降低再造项目的风险和成本,已成为目前业务流程再造(Business Process Reengineering,BPR)领域的一项紧迫任务。计算机辅助业务流程再造系统是借助于信息技术和计算机工具来对流程再造的各个环节进行辅助和支持的软件系统。目前,“第一代”CABPRS的辅助功能大都局限于三个领域:可视化的流程设计、动态化的模拟仿真、自动化的统计分析,而缺乏对流程再造核心活动(流程优化与再设计)的支持;因而,人们对开发辅助功能更强的“第二代”CABPRS的呼声越来越高,希望此类软件具备更强的分析功能,并能够对流程再造中的智能性活动提供知识和专业技能的支持。
为解决上述问题,本课题以知识规则为突破口,研究了计算机中再造知识与再造经验的处理运用方法,使CABPRS具备了一定的智能性,为日后开发辅助功能更强的CABPRS软件系统奠定了理论基础;同时,通过对流程再造过程的研究,归纳和总结出CABPRS的功能体系结构,并使CABPRS的辅助方式由原来对管理人员流程再造活动的直接辅助扩展为对流程再造过程的系统化支持,进一步增强了CABPRS的辅助能力。
此外,本课题提出了知识规则定义的三元组,根据业务流程再造专家的思维模式和知识规则体系,建立了相应的CABPRS的知识规则体系,并分别对流程描述与建模、流程模拟与分析、流程优化与再设计三个环节的知识规则体系进行了深入研究;同时,打开了流程优化与再设计的“黑箱”,分析了流程优化与再设计子系统的模块结构和实现技术,着重研究了人工智能逻辑推理方法在该领域的应用,并给出了示例,实现了对流程再造中智能性活动的辅助和支持,完善了CABPRS的辅助功能。
论文全篇按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路逐层展开,共分为八章:第一章提出了本文所研究的主要问题;第二、三章对所提出的问题进行了分析,第二章分析了什么是计算机辅助业务流程再造系统,第三章则对知识规则体系和流程优化与再设计的黑箱进行了解析;第四、五、六章分别对流程描述与建模、流程模拟与分析、流程优化与再设计三个环节的知识规则体系进行了研究,对所提出的问题进行了解答,其中本课题着重讨论了流程优化与再设计环节的知识规则体系;第七章从知识管理的角度,提出了业务流程再造的能力成熟度模型,为实现组织流程的持续改善提供了依据;第八章对本课题的研究情况进行了总结,并展望了未来的研究方向和趋势。
It has become an urgent task to develop integrated CABPRS (Computer-Aided Business Process Reengineering System), in order to improve the quality and efficiency of reengineering work, and to reduce the risk and cost of reengineering project. CABPRS is a software system which is used to assist and support each step of process reengineering with information technology and computer tools. At present, the assistant functions of "first generation" CABPRS are mainly confined to three areas: visualized process design, dynamic simulation and automated statistical analysis, still lack of support for core activities (process optimization and redesign) of process reengineering. Therefore, the cry for more powerful "second generation" CABPRS is increasingly urgent. It is deeply hoped that such software tools have more powerful analytical capacity and can support deep knowledge and specialized expertise required for intellectual activities of process reengineering.
To solve the problem, this paper researched on the processing and application method of reengineering knowledge and experiences in computer in terms of knowledge rules, and laid a theoretical foundation for developing more powerful CABPRS software tools in future by adding some intelligence into it. Meanwhile, through researches on the process of process reengineering, this paper summarized the system functions of CABPRS. And by extending the manner from direct assist of BPR activities to systematic support of BPR processes, this paper enhanced the assistant functions of CABPRS.
Besides, this paper proposed the triple items of knowledge rules definition, and established corresponding CABPRS knowledge rules system according to think mode and knowledge rules system of BPR experts. Also, this paper conducted a in-depth research on knowledge rules system of three steps of process reengineering, including process description and modeling, process simulation and analysis, process optimization and redesign. Meanwhile, this paper opened up the "black-box" of subsystem of process optimization and redesign, analyzed its module structure and realization technology. This paper focused on the application of Artificial Intelligence Logical Reasoning Methods in process optimization area and gave demonstrations. By realizing the assist and support for intellectual activities in process reengineering, this paper also complemented the assistant functions of CABPRS.
According to the thinking process of problem proposing, problem analyzing and problem solving, this paper is divided into 8 chapters: Chapter 1 proposed the major problems of this research; Chapter 2 and 3 analyzed the problem, Chapter 2 analyzed the system structure of CABPRS, Chapter 3 analyzed the knowledge rules system and black-box of process optimization and redesign. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 discussed the knowledge rules system of three steps of process reengineering, including process description and modeling, process simulation and analysis, process optimization and redesign, in order to solve the proposed problems. The knowledge rules system of process optimization and redesign was the focus of this discussion. Chapter 7 proposed the Knowledge-Based Capacity Maturity Model for BPR from a knowledge management perspective. This model provided the reference and guideline for continuous process improvement in organization. Chapter 8 summarized the research of this paper and ended up with an outlook for future research.
为解决上述问题,本课题以知识规则为突破口,研究了计算机中再造知识与再造经验的处理运用方法,使CABPRS具备了一定的智能性,为日后开发辅助功能更强的CABPRS软件系统奠定了理论基础;同时,通过对流程再造过程的研究,归纳和总结出CABPRS的功能体系结构,并使CABPRS的辅助方式由原来对管理人员流程再造活动的直接辅助扩展为对流程再造过程的系统化支持,进一步增强了CABPRS的辅助能力。
此外,本课题提出了知识规则定义的三元组,根据业务流程再造专家的思维模式和知识规则体系,建立了相应的CABPRS的知识规则体系,并分别对流程描述与建模、流程模拟与分析、流程优化与再设计三个环节的知识规则体系进行了深入研究;同时,打开了流程优化与再设计的“黑箱”,分析了流程优化与再设计子系统的模块结构和实现技术,着重研究了人工智能逻辑推理方法在该领域的应用,并给出了示例,实现了对流程再造中智能性活动的辅助和支持,完善了CABPRS的辅助功能。
论文全篇按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路逐层展开,共分为八章:第一章提出了本文所研究的主要问题;第二、三章对所提出的问题进行了分析,第二章分析了什么是计算机辅助业务流程再造系统,第三章则对知识规则体系和流程优化与再设计的黑箱进行了解析;第四、五、六章分别对流程描述与建模、流程模拟与分析、流程优化与再设计三个环节的知识规则体系进行了研究,对所提出的问题进行了解答,其中本课题着重讨论了流程优化与再设计环节的知识规则体系;第七章从知识管理的角度,提出了业务流程再造的能力成熟度模型,为实现组织流程的持续改善提供了依据;第八章对本课题的研究情况进行了总结,并展望了未来的研究方向和趋势。
It has become an urgent task to develop integrated CABPRS (Computer-Aided Business Process Reengineering System), in order to improve the quality and efficiency of reengineering work, and to reduce the risk and cost of reengineering project. CABPRS is a software system which is used to assist and support each step of process reengineering with information technology and computer tools. At present, the assistant functions of "first generation" CABPRS are mainly confined to three areas: visualized process design, dynamic simulation and automated statistical analysis, still lack of support for core activities (process optimization and redesign) of process reengineering. Therefore, the cry for more powerful "second generation" CABPRS is increasingly urgent. It is deeply hoped that such software tools have more powerful analytical capacity and can support deep knowledge and specialized expertise required for intellectual activities of process reengineering.
To solve the problem, this paper researched on the processing and application method of reengineering knowledge and experiences in computer in terms of knowledge rules, and laid a theoretical foundation for developing more powerful CABPRS software tools in future by adding some intelligence into it. Meanwhile, through researches on the process of process reengineering, this paper summarized the system functions of CABPRS. And by extending the manner from direct assist of BPR activities to systematic support of BPR processes, this paper enhanced the assistant functions of CABPRS.
Besides, this paper proposed the triple items of knowledge rules definition, and established corresponding CABPRS knowledge rules system according to think mode and knowledge rules system of BPR experts. Also, this paper conducted a in-depth research on knowledge rules system of three steps of process reengineering, including process description and modeling, process simulation and analysis, process optimization and redesign. Meanwhile, this paper opened up the "black-box" of subsystem of process optimization and redesign, analyzed its module structure and realization technology. This paper focused on the application of Artificial Intelligence Logical Reasoning Methods in process optimization area and gave demonstrations. By realizing the assist and support for intellectual activities in process reengineering, this paper also complemented the assistant functions of CABPRS.
According to the thinking process of problem proposing, problem analyzing and problem solving, this paper is divided into 8 chapters: Chapter 1 proposed the major problems of this research; Chapter 2 and 3 analyzed the problem, Chapter 2 analyzed the system structure of CABPRS, Chapter 3 analyzed the knowledge rules system and black-box of process optimization and redesign. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 discussed the knowledge rules system of three steps of process reengineering, including process description and modeling, process simulation and analysis, process optimization and redesign, in order to solve the proposed problems. The knowledge rules system of process optimization and redesign was the focus of this discussion. Chapter 7 proposed the Knowledge-Based Capacity Maturity Model for BPR from a knowledge management perspective. This model provided the reference and guideline for continuous process improvement in organization. Chapter 8 summarized the research of this paper and ended up with an outlook for future research.
引文
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38 殷复鹏.基于IE的工艺设计与管理系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2007
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[8]Ingo Hofacker, Rudolf Vetschera. Algorithmical approaches to business process design [J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2001, (28): 1253-1275
[9]Youngohc Yoon, Tor Guimaraes, Aaron Clevenson. Exploring expert system success factors for business process reengineering[J]. J. Eng. Technol. Manage, 1998, (15):179-199
[10]Maria Dolores R-Moreno, Daniel Borrajo, Amedeo Cesta, Angelo Oddi. Integrating planning and scheduling in workflow domains[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2007, (33):389-406
[11]Ricardo Alera, Daniel Borrajo, David Camacho, Almudena Sierra-Alonso. A knowledge-based approach for business process reengineering, SHAMASH[J]. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2002, (15):473-483
[12]E. Yu, J. Mylopoulus. Organization modeling for business processes reengineering[C]. Working Notes of the AAAI-94 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering, 1994, (August)
[13]P.Jarvis,J.Moore,J.Stader,A.Macintosh,A.Casson-du Mont,P.Chung.Exploiting AI technologies to realize adaptive workflow systems[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Agent-Based Systems in the Business Context,1999
[14]T.Gray,E.Prez,D.Pinard,S.Abu-hakima,A.Daz,I.Ferguson.A Multi-agent architecture for enterprise applications[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-94 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering,1994,(August)
[15]E.S.K.Yu,J.Mylopoulos,Y.Lesperance.AI Models for Business Process Reengineering[J].IEEE Expert Intelligent Systems & Their Applications,1996,(11):16-22
[16]W.Hamscher.AI in Business Process Reengineering:A Report on the 1994Workshop[J].AI Magazine,1994,(15):71-72
[17]U.Reimer,A.Margelisch and M.Staudt.EULE:A Knowledge-Based System to Support Business Processes[J],2000,(13):261-269
[18]M.E.Nissen.An Intelligent Agent for Web-based Process Redesign[C].Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1999
[19]E.S.K.Yu,J.Mylopoulos.Using Goals,Rules and Methods to Support Reasoning in Business Process Reengineering[J].International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting,Finance and Management,1996,(5):1-13
[20]M.E.Nissen.Knowledge-Based Organizational Process Redesign:Using Process Flow Measures to Transform Procurement[D].LosAngeles:University of Southern California.1996
[21]陶庆云.BPR中的知识管理问题研究[D].沈阳:东北大学.2006
[22]陶庆云,樊治平.知识密集型业务流程中知识管理的实施[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(04):257-260
[23]赵倩,武忠.面向业务流程的知识共享模型研究[J].情报杂志,2007,(09):84-86
[24]王建仁,王锦,赵斌,段刚龙.基于业务流程生命周期的流程知识分类及管理[J].情报杂志,2006,(02):72-74
[25]郭维森.管理工作中流程知识表示及获取方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.2003
[26]郭维森,党延忠.企业中流程知识的表示及获取方法[J].系统工程理论与实 践,2003,(06):28-35
[27]尤军东.基于CBR面向企业诊断的流程案例检索与复用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.2006
[28]许亮,李秀喜,周华,钱宇.故障诊断专家系统中知识库组织和维护技术的研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2006,(11):1124-1128
[29]石祥滨,鲜宏,逯越.一种用于医学诊断的知识表示模型[J].沈阳工业大学学报,1994,(09):114-118
[30]陈果,左洪福.基于知识规则的发动机磨损故障诊断专家系统[J].航空动力学报,2004,(02):23-29
[31]吴永春.计算机辅助制造业流程再造系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2002
[32]徐敏.制造业中计算机辅助业务流程再造系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2005
[33]刘好平.计算机辅助流程程序分析系统研究——以制造业为例[D].济南:山东大学.2007
[34]张宁.基于UML的计算机辅助方法与时间研究(CAMTS)系统的分析与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2005
[35]李学博.基于UML的工艺程序分析系统的分析与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2006
[36]温艳.计算机辅助方法与时间研究系统(CAMTS)的研究与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2004
[37]赵秀霞.计算机辅助方法与时间研究系统的研究与初步设计[D].济南:山东大学.2002
[38]殷复鹏.基于IE的工艺设计与管理系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2007
[39]何紫薇.BPR工具的比较与分析[J].现代管理科学,2003,(07):43-44
[40]王亚超,马汉武.生产物流系统建模与仿真——Witness系统及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[41]杨枨.基于WITNESS仿真的分组装配拉动生产系统研究[D].上海:上海交通大学.2007
[42]唐成成.BPR理论在税收征管流程再造中的应用[D].合肥:合肥工业大学.2007
[43]张涛,孙林岩,胡飞虎.IT在业务流程重组中的应用简介[J].工业工程与管理,2002,(01):53-56
[44]H.L.Cypress.Reengineering-MS/OR Imperative:Make Second Generation of Business Process Improvement Mode Work[J].MS/OR Today,1994,(21):18-29
[45]P.Bradley,J.Browne,S.Jackson,H.Jagdev.Business process re-engineering(BPR)-A study of the software tools currently available[J]. Computers in Industry,1995,(25):309-330
[46]The Oxford Dictionary Ⅷ[M].Oxford:The Clarendon Press,1978:1408
[47]T.H.Davenport,J.E.Short.The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign[3].Sloan Management Review,1990,31(4):11-27
[48]William J.Kettinger,James T.C.Teng,Subashish Guha.Business Process Change:A Study of Methodologies,Techniques and Tools[J].MIS Quarterly,1997,(3):55-77
[49]http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/企业流程再造
[50]J.佩帕德,P.罗兰.业务流程再造[M].北京:中信出版社,1999.2
[51]Thomas H.Davenport,Laurence Prusak.Working knowledge-how organizations manage what they know[M].Boston:Havard Business School Press,1998
[52]Michael Polanyi.Personal Knowledge[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1958
[53]Ikujiro Nonaka,Hirotaka Takeuchi.The knowledge-creating company:How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995
[54]http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/隐性知识显性化
[55]OECD.The Knowledge-Based Economy[R].Paris,1996
[56]吴季松.21世纪社会的新趋势——知识经济[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1998
[57]Mile Terziovski,Paul Fitzpatrick and Peter O'Neill.Successful predictors of business process reengineering(BPR)in financial services[3].Int.J.Production Economics,2003,(84):35-50
[58]Xiao Yanling,Xu Fuyuan,Hu Wenbo.Business Process Reengineering Based on IDEF Methods[C].Proceedings of IEEE 2004 Conference,2004:265-270
[59]Heejung Lee,Hyo-Won Suh.Workflow structuring and reengineering method for design process[3].Computer & Industrial Engineering.2006,(51):698-714
[60]Dongsheng Liu,Jianmin Wang,Stephen C.F.Chan,Jiaguang Sun,Li Zhang.Modeling workflow processes with colored Petri nets[J].Computers in Industry,2002,(49):267-281
[61]Grady Booch,Jim Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson.The Unified Modeling Language User Guide[M].New York:Addison-Wesley,1999
[62]甘华鸣.业务流程[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,2002
[03]Robert S.Kaplan,David P.Norton.The Balanced Scorecard[J].Harvard Business Review,1992,(Jan-Feb):71-79
[64]Yujong Hwang,Robert A.Leitch.Balanced Scorecard:Evening the Odds of Successful BPR[J].Enterprise Resource Plannning,2005,(Nov-Dec):24-30
[65]杨扬,杨畅.业务流程质量的评价方法[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(33):531-534
[66]刘飚,蔡淑琴,郑双怡.业务流程指标评价体系研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(33):112-114
[67]F.Azadivar.Simulation optimization methodologies[C].Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference.Phoenix,1999:1466-1469
[68]杨湘龙,王飞,冯允成.仿真优化理论与方法综述[J].计算机仿真,2000,17(5):1-5
[69]王凌,张亮,郑大钟.仿真优化研究进展[J].控制与决策,2003,18(3):257-262
[70]Roger Schank.Dynamic Memory:a Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982
[71]晓辉,刘妍秀.基于实例推理机制(CBR)综述[J].长春大学学报,2006,(8):68-70
[72]Agnar Aamodt,Enric Plaza.Case-based Reasoning:Foundational Issues,Methodological Variations,and System Approaches[J].Artificial Intelligence Communications,1994,7(1):39-59
8 Ingo Hofacker,Rudolf Vetschera.Algorithmical approaches to business process design[J].Computers & Operations Research,2001,(28):1253-1275
9 Youngohc Yoon,Tor Guimaraes,Aaron Clevenson.Exploring expert system success factors for business process reengineering[J].J.Eng.Technol.Manage,1998,(15):179-199
10 Maria Dolores R-Moreno,Daniel Borrajo,Amedeo Cesta,Angelo Oddi.Integrating planning and scheduling in workflow domains[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2007,(33):389-406
11 Ricardo Alera,Daniel Borrajo,David Camacho,Almudena Sierra-Alonso.A knowledge-based approach for business process reengineering,SHAMASH[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2002,(15):473-483
12 E.Yu,J.Mylopoulus.Organization modeling for business processes reengineering[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-94 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering,1994,(August)
13 P.Jarvis,J.Moore,J.Stader,A.Macintosh,A.Casson-du Mont,P.Chung.Exploiting AI technologies to realize adaptive workflow systems[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Agent-Based Systems in the Business Context,1999
14 T.Gray,E.Prez,D.Pinard,S.Abu-hakima,A.Daz,I.Ferguson.A Multi-agent architecture for enterprise applications[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-94 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering,1994,(August)
15 E.S.K.Yu,J.Mylopoulos,Y.Lesperance.AI Models for Business Process Reengineering[J].IEEE Expert Intelligent Systems & Their Applications,1996,(11):16-22
16 W.Hamscher.AI in Business Process Reengineering:A Report on the 1994 Workshop[J].AI Magazine,1994,(15):71-72
17 U.Reimer,A.Margelisch and M.Staudt.EULE:A Knovledge-Based System to Support Business Processes[J],2000,(13):261-269
18 M.E.Nissen.An Intelligent Agent for Web-based Process Redesign[C].Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1999
19 E.S.K.Yu,J.Mylopoulos.Using Goals,Rules and Methods to Support Reasoning in Business Process Reengineering[J].International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting,Finance and Management,1996,(5):1-13
20 M.E.Nissen.Knowledge-Based Organizational Process Redesign:Using Process Flow Measures to Transform Procurement[D].LosAngeles:University of Southern California.1996
21 陶庆云.BPR中的知识管理问题研究[D].沈阳:东北大学.2006
22 陶庆云,樊治平.知识密集型业务流程中知识管理的实施[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(04):257-260
23 赵倩,武忠.面向业务流程的知识共享模型研究[J].情报杂志,2007,(09):84-86
24 王建仁,王锦,赵斌,段刚龙.基于业务流程生命周期的流程知识分类及管理[J].情报杂志,2006,(02):72-74
25 郭维森.管理工作中流程知识表示及获取方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.2003
26 郭维森,党延忠.企业中流程知识的表示及获取方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,(06):28-35
27 尤军东.基于CBR面向企业诊断的流程案例检索与复用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.2006
28 许亮,李秀喜,周华,钱宇.故障诊断专家系统中知识库组织和维护技术的研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2006,(11):1124-1128
29 石祥滨,鲜宏,逯越.一种用于医学诊断的知识表示模型[J].沈阳工业大学学报,1994,(09):114-118
30 陈果,左洪福.基于知识规则的发动机磨损故障诊断专家系统[J].航空动力学报,2004,(02):23-24
31 吴永春.计算机辅助制造业流程再造系统研究[D].济南:山东大学,2002
32 徐敏.制造业中计算机辅助业务流程再造系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2005
33 刘好平.计算机辅助流程程序分析系统研究——以制造业为例[D].济南:山东大学.2007
34 张宁.基于UML的计算机辅助方法与时间研究(CAMTS)系统的分析与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2005
35 李学博.基于UML的工艺程序分析系统的分析与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2006
36 温艳.计算机辅助方法与时间研究系统(CAMTS)的研究与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2004
37 赵秀霞.计算机辅助方法与时间研究系统的研究与初步设计[D].济南:山东大学.2002
38 殷复鹏.基于IE的工艺设计与管理系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2007
39 何紫薇.BPR工具的比较与分析[J].现代管理科学,2003,(07):43-44
40 王亚超,马汉武.生产物流系统建模与仿真——Witness系统及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
41 杨枨.基于WITNESS仿真的分组装配拉动生产系统研究[D].上海:上海交通大学.2007
42 唐成成.BPR理论在税收征管流程再造中的应用[D].合肥:合肥工业大学.2007
43 张涛,孙林岩,胡飞虎.IT在业务流程重组中的应用简介[J].工业工程与管理,2002,(01):53-56
44 H.L.Cypress.Reengineering-MS/OR Imperative:Make Second Generation of Business Process Improvement Mode Work[J].MS/OR Today,1994,(21):18-29
45 P.Bradley,J.Bromine,S.Jackson,H.Jagdev.Business process re-engineering(BPR)-A study of the software tools currently available[J].Computers in Industry,1995,(25):309-330
46 The Oxford Dictionary Ⅷ[M].Oxford:The Clarendon Press,1978:1408
47 T.H.Davenport,J.E.Short.The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign[J].Sloan Management Review,1990,31(4):11-27
48 William J.Kettinger,James T.C.Teng,Subashish Guha.Business Process Change:A Study of Methodologies,Techniques and Tools[J].MIS Quarterly,1997,(3):55-77
49 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/企业流程再造
50 J.佩帕德,P.罗兰.业务流程再造[M].北京:中信出版社,1999.2
[1]Michael Hammer. Reengineering work: don't automate, obliterate[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1990, (July/Aug.):104-112
[2]Michael Hammer, James Champy. Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution[M]. New York: HarperCollins, 1993
[3]Peter O'Neill, Amrik S. Sohal. Business Process Reengineering-A review of recent literature[J]. Technovation, 1999, (3):571-581
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[8]Ingo Hofacker, Rudolf Vetschera. Algorithmical approaches to business process design [J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2001, (28): 1253-1275
[9]Youngohc Yoon, Tor Guimaraes, Aaron Clevenson. Exploring expert system success factors for business process reengineering[J]. J. Eng. Technol. Manage, 1998, (15):179-199
[10]Maria Dolores R-Moreno, Daniel Borrajo, Amedeo Cesta, Angelo Oddi. Integrating planning and scheduling in workflow domains[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2007, (33):389-406
[11]Ricardo Alera, Daniel Borrajo, David Camacho, Almudena Sierra-Alonso. A knowledge-based approach for business process reengineering, SHAMASH[J]. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2002, (15):473-483
[12]E. Yu, J. Mylopoulus. Organization modeling for business processes reengineering[C]. Working Notes of the AAAI-94 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering, 1994, (August)
[13]P.Jarvis,J.Moore,J.Stader,A.Macintosh,A.Casson-du Mont,P.Chung.Exploiting AI technologies to realize adaptive workflow systems[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Agent-Based Systems in the Business Context,1999
[14]T.Gray,E.Prez,D.Pinard,S.Abu-hakima,A.Daz,I.Ferguson.A Multi-agent architecture for enterprise applications[C].Working Notes of the AAAI-94 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Reengineering,1994,(August)
[15]E.S.K.Yu,J.Mylopoulos,Y.Lesperance.AI Models for Business Process Reengineering[J].IEEE Expert Intelligent Systems & Their Applications,1996,(11):16-22
[16]W.Hamscher.AI in Business Process Reengineering:A Report on the 1994Workshop[J].AI Magazine,1994,(15):71-72
[17]U.Reimer,A.Margelisch and M.Staudt.EULE:A Knowledge-Based System to Support Business Processes[J],2000,(13):261-269
[18]M.E.Nissen.An Intelligent Agent for Web-based Process Redesign[C].Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,1999
[19]E.S.K.Yu,J.Mylopoulos.Using Goals,Rules and Methods to Support Reasoning in Business Process Reengineering[J].International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting,Finance and Management,1996,(5):1-13
[20]M.E.Nissen.Knowledge-Based Organizational Process Redesign:Using Process Flow Measures to Transform Procurement[D].LosAngeles:University of Southern California.1996
[21]陶庆云.BPR中的知识管理问题研究[D].沈阳:东北大学.2006
[22]陶庆云,樊治平.知识密集型业务流程中知识管理的实施[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(04):257-260
[23]赵倩,武忠.面向业务流程的知识共享模型研究[J].情报杂志,2007,(09):84-86
[24]王建仁,王锦,赵斌,段刚龙.基于业务流程生命周期的流程知识分类及管理[J].情报杂志,2006,(02):72-74
[25]郭维森.管理工作中流程知识表示及获取方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.2003
[26]郭维森,党延忠.企业中流程知识的表示及获取方法[J].系统工程理论与实 践,2003,(06):28-35
[27]尤军东.基于CBR面向企业诊断的流程案例检索与复用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.2006
[28]许亮,李秀喜,周华,钱宇.故障诊断专家系统中知识库组织和维护技术的研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2006,(11):1124-1128
[29]石祥滨,鲜宏,逯越.一种用于医学诊断的知识表示模型[J].沈阳工业大学学报,1994,(09):114-118
[30]陈果,左洪福.基于知识规则的发动机磨损故障诊断专家系统[J].航空动力学报,2004,(02):23-29
[31]吴永春.计算机辅助制造业流程再造系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2002
[32]徐敏.制造业中计算机辅助业务流程再造系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2005
[33]刘好平.计算机辅助流程程序分析系统研究——以制造业为例[D].济南:山东大学.2007
[34]张宁.基于UML的计算机辅助方法与时间研究(CAMTS)系统的分析与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2005
[35]李学博.基于UML的工艺程序分析系统的分析与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2006
[36]温艳.计算机辅助方法与时间研究系统(CAMTS)的研究与设计[D].济南:山东大学.2004
[37]赵秀霞.计算机辅助方法与时间研究系统的研究与初步设计[D].济南:山东大学.2002
[38]殷复鹏.基于IE的工艺设计与管理系统研究[D].济南:山东大学.2007
[39]何紫薇.BPR工具的比较与分析[J].现代管理科学,2003,(07):43-44
[40]王亚超,马汉武.生产物流系统建模与仿真——Witness系统及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[41]杨枨.基于WITNESS仿真的分组装配拉动生产系统研究[D].上海:上海交通大学.2007
[42]唐成成.BPR理论在税收征管流程再造中的应用[D].合肥:合肥工业大学.2007
[43]张涛,孙林岩,胡飞虎.IT在业务流程重组中的应用简介[J].工业工程与管理,2002,(01):53-56
[44]H.L.Cypress.Reengineering-MS/OR Imperative:Make Second Generation of Business Process Improvement Mode Work[J].MS/OR Today,1994,(21):18-29
[45]P.Bradley,J.Browne,S.Jackson,H.Jagdev.Business process re-engineering(BPR)-A study of the software tools currently available[J]. Computers in Industry,1995,(25):309-330
[46]The Oxford Dictionary Ⅷ[M].Oxford:The Clarendon Press,1978:1408
[47]T.H.Davenport,J.E.Short.The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign[3].Sloan Management Review,1990,31(4):11-27
[48]William J.Kettinger,James T.C.Teng,Subashish Guha.Business Process Change:A Study of Methodologies,Techniques and Tools[J].MIS Quarterly,1997,(3):55-77
[49]http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/企业流程再造
[50]J.佩帕德,P.罗兰.业务流程再造[M].北京:中信出版社,1999.2
[51]Thomas H.Davenport,Laurence Prusak.Working knowledge-how organizations manage what they know[M].Boston:Havard Business School Press,1998
[52]Michael Polanyi.Personal Knowledge[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1958
[53]Ikujiro Nonaka,Hirotaka Takeuchi.The knowledge-creating company:How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995
[54]http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/隐性知识显性化
[55]OECD.The Knowledge-Based Economy[R].Paris,1996
[56]吴季松.21世纪社会的新趋势——知识经济[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1998
[57]Mile Terziovski,Paul Fitzpatrick and Peter O'Neill.Successful predictors of business process reengineering(BPR)in financial services[3].Int.J.Production Economics,2003,(84):35-50
[58]Xiao Yanling,Xu Fuyuan,Hu Wenbo.Business Process Reengineering Based on IDEF Methods[C].Proceedings of IEEE 2004 Conference,2004:265-270
[59]Heejung Lee,Hyo-Won Suh.Workflow structuring and reengineering method for design process[3].Computer & Industrial Engineering.2006,(51):698-714
[60]Dongsheng Liu,Jianmin Wang,Stephen C.F.Chan,Jiaguang Sun,Li Zhang.Modeling workflow processes with colored Petri nets[J].Computers in Industry,2002,(49):267-281
[61]Grady Booch,Jim Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson.The Unified Modeling Language User Guide[M].New York:Addison-Wesley,1999
[62]甘华鸣.业务流程[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,2002
[03]Robert S.Kaplan,David P.Norton.The Balanced Scorecard[J].Harvard Business Review,1992,(Jan-Feb):71-79
[64]Yujong Hwang,Robert A.Leitch.Balanced Scorecard:Evening the Odds of Successful BPR[J].Enterprise Resource Plannning,2005,(Nov-Dec):24-30
[65]杨扬,杨畅.业务流程质量的评价方法[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(33):531-534
[66]刘飚,蔡淑琴,郑双怡.业务流程指标评价体系研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(33):112-114
[67]F.Azadivar.Simulation optimization methodologies[C].Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference.Phoenix,1999:1466-1469
[68]杨湘龙,王飞,冯允成.仿真优化理论与方法综述[J].计算机仿真,2000,17(5):1-5
[69]王凌,张亮,郑大钟.仿真优化研究进展[J].控制与决策,2003,18(3):257-262
[70]Roger Schank.Dynamic Memory:a Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982
[71]晓辉,刘妍秀.基于实例推理机制(CBR)综述[J].长春大学学报,2006,(8):68-70
[72]Agnar Aamodt,Enric Plaza.Case-based Reasoning:Foundational Issues,Methodological Variations,and System Approaches[J].Artificial Intelligence Communications,1994,7(1):39-59