经营城市及城市市政公用行业市场化研究
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摘要
城市是先进的社会生产力的聚集地，是一个国家和民族对外开放的窗口、商品国际交换的平台。加快我国城市化进程，是国民经济快速发展的要求。
随着我国城市经济迅速发展，城市功能不断提升，城市化进程逐步加快，城市已成为市场资源有效配置的重要载体，成为各种市场交换关系汇集的经济单元，成为市场配置资源的重要单位。面对这些新情况，要使城市经济得到快速发展，就必须做好经营城市这篇大文章。
经营城市，就是将构成城市的空间载体和功能载体的自然生成资本(如土地)和人力作用资本(如城市基础设施)等，运用市场经济手段，进行聚集、重组和营运，将城市可以用来经营的部分存量资产和生产要素推向市场，从中获得收益。再将这些收益投入到城市建设的新领域，走以城市养城市，以城市建城市的市场化路子，实现滚动发展。
城市供水排水、燃气热力、市政设施、公共客运、园林、市容和环卫等市政公用行业是重要的城市基础设施，是最主要的城市社会公共工程，是社会化大生产第一道工序，是社会服务业中的重要内容，是城市功能的具体体现，也是满足城市居民基本生活质量要求的重要保障。
计划经济时代，城市市政公用设施是为社会提供生产、生活条件的无偿服务型、共享型的公共产品，政府只投入、不收益，只建设、不经营；注重了社会性，忽视了经济性；注重了公益性，忽视了效益性，造成了长期的城市资产浪费。在市场经济条件下，用新的眼光重新认识和审视城市，会看到城市市政公用设施是国家长期巨额资金投入的结果，是一笔巨大的国有资产，完全可以运用市场经济手段，对这些资产进行重组、营运和盘活，克服城市建设资金长期存在的匮乏状况，走以城建城、以城养城、以
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文第11页
城兴城的市场化道路。因此，城市市政公用行业的市场化是经营城市的重
要内容之一。
本论文前四章对经营城市的必要性、二重属性、目标及层次性、面临
的矛盾和经营城市中政府职能的转变等作了较为详尽的研究，对经营城市
的核心问题进行了探索，提出了经营城市的核心问题是市场治理观念的变
革，是“平等理念”、“纳税人理念”和“效率理念”的牢固树立。经营
城市中政府职能的转变，从“善政”走向“善治”，标志着一个“公共管
理”时代的来临。并在对西方公共选择理论进行分析的基础上，提出了完
善城市政府公共选择机制，建立适应中国市场经济体制的公共选择机制。
本论文第矛卜六两章对经营城市中的重要内容一一城市市政公用行业
的市场化进行了深入地分析、思考，对市政公用行业的特点、现状和发展
面临的矛盾进行了深入地剖析，找到了市政公用行业市场化进程缓慢的根
源。对市政公用行业的改革原则、改革模式进行了详细地分析和研究，提
出了城市市政公用行业市场化的具体措施，并联系实际对我国部分城市在
市政公用行业市场化进程中的具体案例进行了分析。
本论文的研究内容对我国正在进行的经营城市及市政公用行业市场
化改革具有一定的指导作用。
City is not only the pool of advanced social productivity, but also the window from which our nation can open to the outside world and the platform of commodity international exchange. Therefore, it is necessary for development national economy to speed the process of urbanization in our country.
With the rapid development of city economy, the urban function is continuous raised, and the process of urbanization is gradually speeded. As a result, the city has become the important carrier to sure the effective allocation of market resources and the economic unit in which the market gather all the exchange relations. Facing to these new situations, we must deal with urban management perfectly so as to speed the development of the urban economy.
Commercialization of city is the management which takes advantage of the natural capital and human capital of space carrier and function carrier that make up the city, is the market-oriented methods that can gather, restructure and operate these factors and put the built-up assets and produce elements which can be used to the market to benefit. Thus, with utilizing these methods we can put these benefits to the new field of city construction, carry out the mode of building, maintaining and refreshing city with city, and realize moving development.
The industry of city planning for public use, for example, the urban water supply and drainage, gas and energy, municipal facilities, public transportation, garden, environment protection, the appearance of a city and so on. It's the first working procedure of socialization production, is the main urban public project and important urban basic facilities, the important content of social service trade, and the concrete reflect of urban function. What's more, it's also the important guarantee to meet with fundamental need of life quality of the
people.
At the age of planned economy, establishment of city planning of public use is public goods that supply free and collective services for society. The government just invested without considering income and just built without operating. Then, they emphasized on sociality and neglect economy, paid attention to public and ignored benefit, which contributed to long-term capital waste of cities. On the condition of market economy, understanding and scanning with new foresight again, we can know that establishment of city planning of public use is the outcome that our nation invested with long-term abundant fund and is the substantive state assets which can be reorganized, operated and activated with methods of market economy. We can overcome the lack of long-term fund on city building, take advantage of the market-oriented way that we build, maintain and refresh city with city. In conclusion, marketability of city planning industry for public use is the important part of commercialization of city.
In the first four paragraphs, the article studies the necessary of commercialization of city, the binary attribute, the object, the arrangement, conflict faced and the transformation of government function during of commercialization of city. Then, it explores the crucial question of commercialization of city, and advances that the key of commercialization of city is the reform of opinions of father mechanism about market and is firm erection of ideologies about equality, taxpayer and efficiency. The transformation of government function and politized-well to managed-well indicates that the era of public administration appears. Based on analysis to theories of occidental public choice, we put forward perfecting public choice of mechanism of city government and found a mechanism that can adapt to China Market Economy System.
In the fifth and sixth paragraphs, the article analyses and reasons deeply
the important content of commercialization of city--marketability of city
planning for public use in city. Then it takes apart the characters, status quo
and conflicts of development in future deeply and finds the reasons that marketability of city planning for public use is slow. We analyze a
随着我国城市经济迅速发展，城市功能不断提升，城市化进程逐步加快，城市已成为市场资源有效配置的重要载体，成为各种市场交换关系汇集的经济单元，成为市场配置资源的重要单位。面对这些新情况，要使城市经济得到快速发展，就必须做好经营城市这篇大文章。
经营城市，就是将构成城市的空间载体和功能载体的自然生成资本(如土地)和人力作用资本(如城市基础设施)等，运用市场经济手段，进行聚集、重组和营运，将城市可以用来经营的部分存量资产和生产要素推向市场，从中获得收益。再将这些收益投入到城市建设的新领域，走以城市养城市，以城市建城市的市场化路子，实现滚动发展。
城市供水排水、燃气热力、市政设施、公共客运、园林、市容和环卫等市政公用行业是重要的城市基础设施，是最主要的城市社会公共工程，是社会化大生产第一道工序，是社会服务业中的重要内容，是城市功能的具体体现，也是满足城市居民基本生活质量要求的重要保障。
计划经济时代，城市市政公用设施是为社会提供生产、生活条件的无偿服务型、共享型的公共产品，政府只投入、不收益，只建设、不经营；注重了社会性，忽视了经济性；注重了公益性，忽视了效益性，造成了长期的城市资产浪费。在市场经济条件下，用新的眼光重新认识和审视城市，会看到城市市政公用设施是国家长期巨额资金投入的结果，是一笔巨大的国有资产，完全可以运用市场经济手段，对这些资产进行重组、营运和盘活，克服城市建设资金长期存在的匮乏状况，走以城建城、以城养城、以
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文第11页
城兴城的市场化道路。因此，城市市政公用行业的市场化是经营城市的重
要内容之一。
本论文前四章对经营城市的必要性、二重属性、目标及层次性、面临
的矛盾和经营城市中政府职能的转变等作了较为详尽的研究，对经营城市
的核心问题进行了探索，提出了经营城市的核心问题是市场治理观念的变
革，是“平等理念”、“纳税人理念”和“效率理念”的牢固树立。经营
城市中政府职能的转变，从“善政”走向“善治”，标志着一个“公共管
理”时代的来临。并在对西方公共选择理论进行分析的基础上，提出了完
善城市政府公共选择机制，建立适应中国市场经济体制的公共选择机制。
本论文第矛卜六两章对经营城市中的重要内容一一城市市政公用行业
的市场化进行了深入地分析、思考，对市政公用行业的特点、现状和发展
面临的矛盾进行了深入地剖析，找到了市政公用行业市场化进程缓慢的根
源。对市政公用行业的改革原则、改革模式进行了详细地分析和研究，提
出了城市市政公用行业市场化的具体措施，并联系实际对我国部分城市在
市政公用行业市场化进程中的具体案例进行了分析。
本论文的研究内容对我国正在进行的经营城市及市政公用行业市场
化改革具有一定的指导作用。
City is not only the pool of advanced social productivity, but also the window from which our nation can open to the outside world and the platform of commodity international exchange. Therefore, it is necessary for development national economy to speed the process of urbanization in our country.
With the rapid development of city economy, the urban function is continuous raised, and the process of urbanization is gradually speeded. As a result, the city has become the important carrier to sure the effective allocation of market resources and the economic unit in which the market gather all the exchange relations. Facing to these new situations, we must deal with urban management perfectly so as to speed the development of the urban economy.
Commercialization of city is the management which takes advantage of the natural capital and human capital of space carrier and function carrier that make up the city, is the market-oriented methods that can gather, restructure and operate these factors and put the built-up assets and produce elements which can be used to the market to benefit. Thus, with utilizing these methods we can put these benefits to the new field of city construction, carry out the mode of building, maintaining and refreshing city with city, and realize moving development.
The industry of city planning for public use, for example, the urban water supply and drainage, gas and energy, municipal facilities, public transportation, garden, environment protection, the appearance of a city and so on. It's the first working procedure of socialization production, is the main urban public project and important urban basic facilities, the important content of social service trade, and the concrete reflect of urban function. What's more, it's also the important guarantee to meet with fundamental need of life quality of the
people.
At the age of planned economy, establishment of city planning of public use is public goods that supply free and collective services for society. The government just invested without considering income and just built without operating. Then, they emphasized on sociality and neglect economy, paid attention to public and ignored benefit, which contributed to long-term capital waste of cities. On the condition of market economy, understanding and scanning with new foresight again, we can know that establishment of city planning of public use is the outcome that our nation invested with long-term abundant fund and is the substantive state assets which can be reorganized, operated and activated with methods of market economy. We can overcome the lack of long-term fund on city building, take advantage of the market-oriented way that we build, maintain and refresh city with city. In conclusion, marketability of city planning industry for public use is the important part of commercialization of city.
In the first four paragraphs, the article studies the necessary of commercialization of city, the binary attribute, the object, the arrangement, conflict faced and the transformation of government function during of commercialization of city. Then, it explores the crucial question of commercialization of city, and advances that the key of commercialization of city is the reform of opinions of father mechanism about market and is firm erection of ideologies about equality, taxpayer and efficiency. The transformation of government function and politized-well to managed-well indicates that the era of public administration appears. Based on analysis to theories of occidental public choice, we put forward perfecting public choice of mechanism of city government and found a mechanism that can adapt to China Market Economy System.
In the fifth and sixth paragraphs, the article analyses and reasons deeply
the important content of commercialization of city--marketability of city
planning for public use in city. Then it takes apart the characters, status quo
and conflicts of development in future deeply and finds the reasons that marketability of city planning for public use is slow. We analyze a
引文
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2．李春城 孙平等：《投资体制改革的理论与实践》(M)四川大学出版社2003
3．饶会林：《中国城市建设经验模式—以大连为例》(J)．(《城市经济》2002．2)
4．周诚君等：《经营城市：功能导向与制度创新》(J)．(《城市发展研究》9卷2002．1)
5．朱铁臻：《经营城市：提高城市竞争力的新理念》(J)．(《江海学刊》2002．2)
6．王洪钟：《经营城市—推动区域经济发展的有力杠杆》(M)．2002．4
7．李建逵：《城市经营的十大抉择》(M)．2002
8．吴先满：《经营城市新论》(J)．(《南京社会科学》2002年增刊)
9．顾文选：《经营城市出现四大误区》(N)．(《中国经济时报》2002．11．26)
10．长春市城乡建设委员会：《引进经验城市新理念，促进长春城建事业的跨越式发展》(J)．(《城市经济》2002．3)
11．张亦祥等：《经营城市：政府作用与制度创新》(J)．(《南京社会科学》2002．3)
12．王志纲：《以经营城市的名义，快跑》(J)．(《新周刊》2002年12期)
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