基于BACnet的视频控制器的研究
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摘要
BACnet作为楼宇控制网络中一种开放的数据通信协议,其最根本目的是要给楼宇自动控制系统提供实现互操作的方法,从而为不同厂家的设备间的整合问题提供了解决方案,现已在多个国家得到广泛应用。但目前BACnet所定义的一系列标准对象和服务还不足以完成视频监控方面的功能,因此有必要引入视频点对象模型到BACnet,并将其应用到视频监控系统中。相信这一应用将会促进智能建筑系统的发展,而视频监控系统在注重设备间互操作性的BACnet网络中也必然会发挥更大的作用。
本文首先分析了基于BACnet的智能家居原理结构,结合视频监控系统发展历史,阐述了将基于BACnet的视频监控系统引入到智能家居中的重要意义。
接着介绍了视频监控系统的总体结构、工作原理及系统软件模块与功能,详细描述了视频控制器的架构、内部软件功能模块,并设计了各软件模块与流程图。
第三章讲述了视频监控中运动目标的检测与跟踪问题。介绍了一种简单的、自适应的背景估计方法来实时更新背景,继而运用基于概率的分类来提取目标;然后多种方法联合检测和抑制阴影;接着运用区域生长法来分隔并定位各个运动目标;最后阐述了外接矩形框跟踪运动目标,并分析了运动目标在场景中的匹配关系。
第四章介绍了BACnet视频点对象模型、视频操作服务及报警机制等,然后阐述了对视频控制器的操作服务,并设计了一个简单的方案将视频点对象应用到实际的视频监控中。
最后,论文对系统进行了总结,并就今后研究工作的方向和内容提出了想法和建议。
As an open data communication protocol for building automation control networks, BACnet’s prime purpose is to provide an interoperation method for building automation control system. This is a good solution to for the integration of different manufacturers’devices. It is used widely in many countries .However, All standard objects and services defined in BACnet are not sufficient for completing video surveillance and control functions.Thus introducing the video point object model into BACnet and applying it to the video surveillance system will promote the development of intelligent buildings, and the video surveillance system will also play a greater role in the BACnet network focuseing on interoperability between equipments.
Firstly,the structure of intelligent home system based on BACnet is analyzed. After the brief introduction of video surveillance system history,the importance of applying the video surveillance system based on BACnet to smart home is explained.
Secondly,introduces the video surveillance system's overall structure ,working principle,the system software and function,a brief introduction of system hardware and software platform, and in detail designs video controller subsystem.
Then, moving object detection and tracking of video surveillance system are explained chapter III. We use a self-adaptive background subtraction method to update background and detect moving object based on the classification of probability, After associates with multiple methods for shadow suppression,we introduce an improved Region Growing method to separate and locate each moving object..We have studied bounding box tracking and the relationship of moving object.
For system interoperation, a new BACnet video point object model and video point operation service are introduced. According to this model, a surveillance application scheme based on scene events is built in intelligent building system.
Finally,conclusions of the system are presented,and some propositions about the direction and contents of further research are suggested at the end of this thesis.
本文首先分析了基于BACnet的智能家居原理结构,结合视频监控系统发展历史,阐述了将基于BACnet的视频监控系统引入到智能家居中的重要意义。
接着介绍了视频监控系统的总体结构、工作原理及系统软件模块与功能,详细描述了视频控制器的架构、内部软件功能模块,并设计了各软件模块与流程图。
第三章讲述了视频监控中运动目标的检测与跟踪问题。介绍了一种简单的、自适应的背景估计方法来实时更新背景,继而运用基于概率的分类来提取目标;然后多种方法联合检测和抑制阴影;接着运用区域生长法来分隔并定位各个运动目标;最后阐述了外接矩形框跟踪运动目标,并分析了运动目标在场景中的匹配关系。
第四章介绍了BACnet视频点对象模型、视频操作服务及报警机制等,然后阐述了对视频控制器的操作服务,并设计了一个简单的方案将视频点对象应用到实际的视频监控中。
最后,论文对系统进行了总结,并就今后研究工作的方向和内容提出了想法和建议。
As an open data communication protocol for building automation control networks, BACnet’s prime purpose is to provide an interoperation method for building automation control system. This is a good solution to for the integration of different manufacturers’devices. It is used widely in many countries .However, All standard objects and services defined in BACnet are not sufficient for completing video surveillance and control functions.Thus introducing the video point object model into BACnet and applying it to the video surveillance system will promote the development of intelligent buildings, and the video surveillance system will also play a greater role in the BACnet network focuseing on interoperability between equipments.
Firstly,the structure of intelligent home system based on BACnet is analyzed. After the brief introduction of video surveillance system history,the importance of applying the video surveillance system based on BACnet to smart home is explained.
Secondly,introduces the video surveillance system's overall structure ,working principle,the system software and function,a brief introduction of system hardware and software platform, and in detail designs video controller subsystem.
Then, moving object detection and tracking of video surveillance system are explained chapter III. We use a self-adaptive background subtraction method to update background and detect moving object based on the classification of probability, After associates with multiple methods for shadow suppression,we introduce an improved Region Growing method to separate and locate each moving object..We have studied bounding box tracking and the relationship of moving object.
For system interoperation, a new BACnet video point object model and video point operation service are introduced. According to this model, a surveillance application scheme based on scene events is built in intelligent building system.
Finally,conclusions of the system are presented,and some propositions about the direction and contents of further research are suggested at the end of this thesis.
引文
[1]李韶驰,谢赞福,向军等.一个智能家居系统设计方案.广东技术师范学院学报, 2003(4): 9~12
[2]张丽萍,缪希仁,林苏斌.智能建筑系统集成的现状和趋势.建筑电器,2004,4:14~17
[3]卢纪丽,李进京,张言荣等.智能建筑技术.建筑技术开发2004,31(6):113~115
[4] Bill Swan. Past & Future of BACnet. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(10): S7
[5] Steven T Bushby. BACnet embraced by world. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering: HPAC, 2003:10
[6] Steven T, Bushby. BACnetTM–A Standard Communication Infrastructure for Intelligent Buildings. Automation in Construction, 1997, 6(5-6): 529-540
[7] Haakenstad, L. K. The Open Protocol Standard for Computerized Building Systems. BACnet Control Applications. 1999. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on, 1999, 12: 1585-1590
[8] Chris Chapman. Communication Standards: Past, Present and Future. Control&Automation Systems Technologies Professional Network, 2002, 10: 1 -9
[9] ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2001, "BACnet-A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks", Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 2001: 239-247
[10] ANSI/ASHRAE 135-1995标准. BACnet楼宇自动控制网络数据通信协议(第一版).惠晓实,刘贤德,周曼丽等译,校.广州:广东经济出版社, 2000: 157~427
[11]王中明. BACnet的体系结构.江汉大学学报, 2002, 19(4): 33~35
[12]成红文,陈众励,温伯银. BACnet协议的特征分析.建筑电气, 2003(3): 16~19
[13]惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet的对象模型-BACnet协议标准技术系列讲座(五).工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 2000(1): 24~28
[14]惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet的服务-BACnet协议标准技术系列讲座(六).工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 2000(2): 12~16
[15] Bushby, S. T. Newman, H. M. BACnet Today. Supplement to ASHRAE Journal, 2002: 10~18
[16] Newman, H. M. BACnet: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. HPAC-Heating/ Piping/ Air Conditioning, 199769(3): 47~51
[17] Steven T, Bushby. A New Age in Building. Construction Business Review, 1994(3): 60~65
[18] Tom.Wide area integration– BACNet Over the Web.Open Systems Technologies for Integrated Building Control,2002,5:8~9
[19] L eber.BACnet’s Success in Germany.BACnet Today Supplement to ASHRAE Journal, 2002,10:30~35
[20]路林吉,吕新荣.数字图像监控技术讲座.电子技术,2001,7:45~48
[21]周小四,王淑华,杨杰.数字图像监控网络报警系统设计.计算机工程,2002,28(4): 61~64
[22]毕文斌.基于Web视频服务器的监控系统设计.现代有线传输,2002,6(2):42~46
[23] Ruixia Qian;DengPan Zhu.Research on Video Fieldbus Monitor-System Based on DSP.Control and Automation.Final Program and Book of Abstracts of the 2002 ICCA International Conference on,16-19 June.2002:184 ~184
[24]梁超,许毅平,周曼丽.WebCCTV中的流传输服务器的设计和实现.计算机工程, 2002,28(9):184~186
[25] Reibman,A.R.,Vaishampayan.Quality Monitoring for Compressed Video Subjected to Packet Loss.Multimedia and Expo.Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on, 6-9 July 2003,1:17~20
[26] Zhou Ning, Zhou Manli, Xu Yiping, BACnet? for Video Surveillance, ASHRAE Journal, 46(10) October, 2004: S18-S23
[27] Mochamad, H.; Hui Chien Loy; Aoki, T.; LVQ-based video object segmentation through combination of spatial and color features, 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004., A, 21-24 Nov. 2004: 211-214
[28]伏思华,张小虎,基于序列图像的运动目标实时检测方法.光学技术,Vol 30 No.2 March 2004:215-217.
[29]吴则举,陈俊东,刘云等,静止背景的视频对象分割.青岛科技大学学报,2004 ,25(5) :457 460
[30] K. Toyama, J. Krumm, B. Brumitt, and B. Meyers,“Wallflower: Principles and Prac tice of Background Maintenance,”Inter. Conf. on Computer Vision, Corfu,Greece,1999:255-261.
[31] Onoguchi K. Shadow elimination method for moving object detection [C]. Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition , 16-20 Aug. 1998, Volume 1:583 587
[32] R. Cucchiara, C. Grana, M. Piccardi, A. Prati. Detecting objects, shadows and ghosts in video streams by exploiting color and motion information [C]. Appearing in Proceedings of 11th International Conference on,26-28 Sept. 2001:360-365.
[33] I. Mikic, P.C. Cosman, G..T. Kogut, M.M. Trivedi. Moving Shadow and Object Detection in Traffic Scenes[C]. 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Volume 1,3-7 Sept. 2000:321-324.
[34] B.S. Manjunath,J.R. Ohm,V.V. Vasudevan,A. Yamada. Color and texture descriptors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 2001,11(6):703-715.
[35] T.Gevers and A.W.M.Smeulders,”Color-based object recognition”,Pattern Recognition,vol. 32,Issue 3,March 1999,Page 453-464.
[36]章毓晋,图象处理和分析[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[37] Vigus, S. A.; Bull, D. R.; Canagarajah, C. N.; Video object tracking using region split and merge and a Kalman filter tracking algorithm, Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on Image Processing, 1, 7-10 Oct. 2001: 650-653
[38] Andrade, E. L.; Khan, E.; Woods, J. C.; Ghanbari, M.; Segmentation and tracking using region adjacency graphs, picture trees and prior information, VIE 2003. International Conference on Visual Information Engineering, 2003, 7-9 July 2003: 45-48
[39]吴枫,高鹏,高文.基于网格模型的运动估计技术[J].电子学报, 2000, 28(5): 47-51.
[40] Zaletelj, J.; Tasic, J. F.; Video object segmentation based on edge tracking, Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on Image Processing, 2001. 2, 7-10 Oct. 2001: 813-816
[41] Allen, J. G.; Xu, R. Y. D.; Jin, J. S. Mean Shift Object Tracking for a SIMD Computer, Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, 04-07July 2005. ICITA 2005. 1: 692-697
[42] Jiang-Bing Zheng,David Dagan Feng,Wan-chuSin, Yan-NingZhang,Xiu-Ying Wang,Tong-chu Zhao.The accurate extraction and tracking of moving objects for video surveillance 0-7803-7508-4/02@2002 IEEE.
[43] H. Katata, K. Hibi, M. Ito, T. Aono, and H. Kusao. MPEG-4 camera for use with internet. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, August 1999, 45(3): 661-666.
[44] Introduction to MPEG-7. in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N4032, Singapore, March 2001.
[2]张丽萍,缪希仁,林苏斌.智能建筑系统集成的现状和趋势.建筑电器,2004,4:14~17
[3]卢纪丽,李进京,张言荣等.智能建筑技术.建筑技术开发2004,31(6):113~115
[4] Bill Swan. Past & Future of BACnet. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(10): S7
[5] Steven T Bushby. BACnet embraced by world. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering: HPAC, 2003:10
[6] Steven T, Bushby. BACnetTM–A Standard Communication Infrastructure for Intelligent Buildings. Automation in Construction, 1997, 6(5-6): 529-540
[7] Haakenstad, L. K. The Open Protocol Standard for Computerized Building Systems. BACnet Control Applications. 1999. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on, 1999, 12: 1585-1590
[8] Chris Chapman. Communication Standards: Past, Present and Future. Control&Automation Systems Technologies Professional Network, 2002, 10: 1 -9
[9] ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2001, "BACnet-A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks", Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 2001: 239-247
[10] ANSI/ASHRAE 135-1995标准. BACnet楼宇自动控制网络数据通信协议(第一版).惠晓实,刘贤德,周曼丽等译,校.广州:广东经济出版社, 2000: 157~427
[11]王中明. BACnet的体系结构.江汉大学学报, 2002, 19(4): 33~35
[12]成红文,陈众励,温伯银. BACnet协议的特征分析.建筑电气, 2003(3): 16~19
[13]惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet的对象模型-BACnet协议标准技术系列讲座(五).工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 2000(1): 24~28
[14]惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet的服务-BACnet协议标准技术系列讲座(六).工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 2000(2): 12~16
[15] Bushby, S. T. Newman, H. M. BACnet Today. Supplement to ASHRAE Journal, 2002: 10~18
[16] Newman, H. M. BACnet: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. HPAC-Heating/ Piping/ Air Conditioning, 199769(3): 47~51
[17] Steven T, Bushby. A New Age in Building. Construction Business Review, 1994(3): 60~65
[18] Tom.Wide area integration– BACNet Over the Web.Open Systems Technologies for Integrated Building Control,2002,5:8~9
[19] L eber.BACnet’s Success in Germany.BACnet Today Supplement to ASHRAE Journal, 2002,10:30~35
[20]路林吉,吕新荣.数字图像监控技术讲座.电子技术,2001,7:45~48
[21]周小四,王淑华,杨杰.数字图像监控网络报警系统设计.计算机工程,2002,28(4): 61~64
[22]毕文斌.基于Web视频服务器的监控系统设计.现代有线传输,2002,6(2):42~46
[23] Ruixia Qian;DengPan Zhu.Research on Video Fieldbus Monitor-System Based on DSP.Control and Automation.Final Program and Book of Abstracts of the 2002 ICCA International Conference on,16-19 June.2002:184 ~184
[24]梁超,许毅平,周曼丽.WebCCTV中的流传输服务器的设计和实现.计算机工程, 2002,28(9):184~186
[25] Reibman,A.R.,Vaishampayan.Quality Monitoring for Compressed Video Subjected to Packet Loss.Multimedia and Expo.Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on, 6-9 July 2003,1:17~20
[26] Zhou Ning, Zhou Manli, Xu Yiping, BACnet? for Video Surveillance, ASHRAE Journal, 46(10) October, 2004: S18-S23
[27] Mochamad, H.; Hui Chien Loy; Aoki, T.; LVQ-based video object segmentation through combination of spatial and color features, 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004., A, 21-24 Nov. 2004: 211-214
[28]伏思华,张小虎,基于序列图像的运动目标实时检测方法.光学技术,Vol 30 No.2 March 2004:215-217.
[29]吴则举,陈俊东,刘云等,静止背景的视频对象分割.青岛科技大学学报,2004 ,25(5) :457 460
[30] K. Toyama, J. Krumm, B. Brumitt, and B. Meyers,“Wallflower: Principles and Prac tice of Background Maintenance,”Inter. Conf. on Computer Vision, Corfu,Greece,1999:255-261.
[31] Onoguchi K. Shadow elimination method for moving object detection [C]. Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition , 16-20 Aug. 1998, Volume 1:583 587
[32] R. Cucchiara, C. Grana, M. Piccardi, A. Prati. Detecting objects, shadows and ghosts in video streams by exploiting color and motion information [C]. Appearing in Proceedings of 11th International Conference on,26-28 Sept. 2001:360-365.
[33] I. Mikic, P.C. Cosman, G..T. Kogut, M.M. Trivedi. Moving Shadow and Object Detection in Traffic Scenes[C]. 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Volume 1,3-7 Sept. 2000:321-324.
[34] B.S. Manjunath,J.R. Ohm,V.V. Vasudevan,A. Yamada. Color and texture descriptors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 2001,11(6):703-715.
[35] T.Gevers and A.W.M.Smeulders,”Color-based object recognition”,Pattern Recognition,vol. 32,Issue 3,March 1999,Page 453-464.
[36]章毓晋,图象处理和分析[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[37] Vigus, S. A.; Bull, D. R.; Canagarajah, C. N.; Video object tracking using region split and merge and a Kalman filter tracking algorithm, Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on Image Processing, 1, 7-10 Oct. 2001: 650-653
[38] Andrade, E. L.; Khan, E.; Woods, J. C.; Ghanbari, M.; Segmentation and tracking using region adjacency graphs, picture trees and prior information, VIE 2003. International Conference on Visual Information Engineering, 2003, 7-9 July 2003: 45-48
[39]吴枫,高鹏,高文.基于网格模型的运动估计技术[J].电子学报, 2000, 28(5): 47-51.
[40] Zaletelj, J.; Tasic, J. F.; Video object segmentation based on edge tracking, Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on Image Processing, 2001. 2, 7-10 Oct. 2001: 813-816
[41] Allen, J. G.; Xu, R. Y. D.; Jin, J. S. Mean Shift Object Tracking for a SIMD Computer, Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, 04-07July 2005. ICITA 2005. 1: 692-697
[42] Jiang-Bing Zheng,David Dagan Feng,Wan-chuSin, Yan-NingZhang,Xiu-Ying Wang,Tong-chu Zhao.The accurate extraction and tracking of moving objects for video surveillance 0-7803-7508-4/02@2002 IEEE.
[43] H. Katata, K. Hibi, M. Ito, T. Aono, and H. Kusao. MPEG-4 camera for use with internet. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, August 1999, 45(3): 661-666.
[44] Introduction to MPEG-7. in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N4032, Singapore, March 2001.