中州盆景及其流派确立
摘要
盆景是经过高度概括和提炼,集中表现大自然优美风光的一种特殊艺术品。盆景是艺术美的创造,同山水画和山水园林有着相似之处,很重视写意和抒情。
盆景起源于中国,唐宋时期传入日本,后从日本传播到世界各地。新中国成立后,中国盆景进入兴旺发达的高速发展时期。
中国盆景艺术有着悠久的历史,将植物的栽培管理和人工的造型技艺有机结合,使自然美和艺术美融为一体。由于我国地域辽阔,地理环境、自然条件、文化底蕴的存在差异,中国盆景形成了不同艺术表现形式的流派。中国盆景根据具有特有的地方树种、独特的艺术造型、独创的造型手法和自有的艺术风格等条件,区分各流派。中国盆景有传统五大派,扬派、苏派、川派、岭南派、海派。除了传统五大派。中国的盆景其它艺术流派,如浩浩大江,细则似涓涓清溪,各具风格,争奇斗艳,百花齐放。
中州盆景孕育在中原大地,起源于东汉,兴于唐,盛于明清。中华人民共和国成立后,传统的中州盆景技艺得到了恢复与发展。在1979年的“中国盆景艺术展览”的推动下,中州盆景蓬勃发展。经过几代人的努力,已逐步混成体系,建立自己的流派特征,逐步被中国盆景界所认可。
中州盆景受到中原地理、资源、人文等因素影响,极具地方风格,逐步形成“古朴飘逸、刚柔并济”的中州盆景艺术风格。
本文系统总结了中州盆景的选材特点、造型手法、艺术特色。
1、中州盆景在植物选材上,极具地方特色,选用了其它流派不常用的杂木类树桩。中州盆景作品也大多数为杂木类树桩盆景。此类选材就有取材容易、造型多变的特点。
2、中州盆景由于植物选材丰富,使得在盆景造型上丰富多彩,根据植物自身特性,确定其表现形式、艺术风格。
3、中州树桩盆景,杂木素材丰富、选材便利等特点,摆脱了其他盆景选材单一、手法单一的特点,有利于中国盆景艺术事业的丰富与发展。
中州盆景以其独特的风格,多样的表现形式,得到了国内盆景学术界的认可,已形成自己的流派,但还存在很多问题。
中州盆景历史悠久,但作为一个流派,不仅需要操作、创新等方面相关人士的创作、喜爱等,还需要有利于推广,只有建立一个中州盆景的理论体系,才能使广大群众更容易认识中州盆景的魅力、使专业人士更容易从理论方面研究中州盆景。中州盆景在理论体系的建立上还不够完善,需要做大量后续工作:
1、理论需要与实践、创新相结合,需要从实践中总结经验,升华理论,才能推动中州盆景的壮大、发展。
2、在各中展览、比赛中总结经验,不能只在实践手法上创新,找到理论的突破点,首先从理论上创新,从在实践中总结理论转变为理论指导实践,这样中州盆景才能有跨越式的发展,摆脱其思想上的局限性。
3、建立自己的理论机构,便于学习、传播,中州盆景协会在各方的努力下成立,组成成员也只是一些爱好者,缺乏理论如学校、大专院校、科研院所的成员,及其他行业如艺术、摄影、鉴赏等行业人员。极大的阻碍了中州盆景作为流派的影响力。
4、建立自己的文献体系,在中州盆景蓬勃的发展趋势下,有部分相关人士写了一些学术论文、书籍,但相对其它流派数量很少,不利于中州盆景流派的传播发展。
5、在中州盆景作为流派确立后,需要从理论上细化中州盆景,推动理论体系的建立。
本文通过分析、总结,阻碍中州盆景发展的瓶颈、中州盆景流派确立所面临的问题,提出确实可行的建议。
Bonsai is a highly summarized and refined, concentrated expression of the beautiful natural scenery of a special work of art. Bonsai is the creation of artistic beauty with the landscape and the landscape garden are similar, attaches great importance to freehand and lyrical.Bonsai originated in China, the Tang and Song dynasties brought to Japan and later spread around the world from Japan. After the founding of New China, Chinese bonsai into the thriving high-speed development period.Chinese bonsai art has a long history of cultivation and management of plant and artificial combination of modeling techniques, so that integration of natural beauty, and artistic beauty. Because of China's vast territory, geographical environment, natural conditions, the existence of differences in cultural heritage, the Chinese bonsai form of artistic expression in different forms of genre. Chinese Bonsai has a unique place under the trees, the unique art forms, unique styling techniques and conditions, such as its own artistic style to distinguish between the various schools. Chinese Bonsai traditional five faction, Yang faction, the Soviet Union sent, Sichuan faction, the Lingnan School, sophisticated. In addition to the traditional five faction. Chinese Bonsai other arts schools, such as the vast river,Rule may Juanjuan Cheonggyecheon each with their own style, contests, and flourishing.
Were born in the Central Plains Central Plains bonsai originated in the Eastern Han, Xing Yu Tang, Sheng Yu Ming and Qing dynasties. After the founding of The People's Republic of China, the traditional bonsai art Central Plains have been restored and development. In 1979, the "Chinese bonsai art exhibition" Under the impetus of Central Plains bonsai flourish. Through the efforts of several generations has gradually mixed system, and establish their own genre characteristics, and gradually recognized by the Chinese bonsai circles.
Bonsai by the Central Plains Central Plains geography, resources, culture and other factors, a very local style, and gradually form a "elegant simplicity, hardness with softness" in Central Plains bonsai style.
This paper systematically summed up the Central Plains bonsai selection characteristics, modeling techniques, artistic characteristics.
1, Central Plains bonsai plant selection, the very local characteristics and use of other genres not commonly used in combi class stumps. Central Plains bonsai works are also mostly hardwood stumps bonsai classes. Have drawn such a selection easy, shape changing characteristics.
2, Central Plains bonsai plant selection due to a rich, making the bonsai style on the rich and varied, according to plant their own characteristics, to determine their forms, artistic styles.
3, Central Plains stumps bonsai, HARDWOOD material is rich in material selection to facilitate the characteristics of other bonsai selection from a single, unitary approach the characteristics of Chinese bonsai art is conducive to the cause of the rich and development.
Central Plains bonsai with its unique style, diverse manifestations, has been the recognition of domestic bonsai academia have formed their own schools, but there are still many problems.
Central Plains Bonsai has a long history, but as a genre, not only need to operate, innovate and so on stakeholders creation, love, etc., but also conducive to the promotion, only the establishment of a Central Plains bonsai theoretical system, in order to make the masses more easily recognized Central Plains bonsai charm, making it easier for professionals from the theoretical study of Central Plains bonsai. Central Plains in the theoretical system, the establishment of Bonsai still not perfect enough, need to do a lot of follow-up work:
1, theory and practice needs, innovative combination of the need to sum up experience from practice, sublimation theory, in order to promote the growth of bonsai Central Plains and development.
2, in all the exhibitions, competitions for experience and not just innovate the way in practice to find a breakthrough point theory, starting with the theoretical innovation, from the translation of theory into practice, summed up the theory to guide practice, so that across the Central Plains in order to have bonsai type of development, and emerge from its ideological limitations.
3, to establish their own theories agencies, to facilitate learning, communication, Central Plains Bonsai Association was established under the efforts of all parties to form the members are just some enthusiasts, the lack of theory, such as schools, colleges, research institutes members, and other industries such as art, photography, appreciation and other industry personnel. Greatly hindered the Central Plains bonsai as a genre of influence.
4, to establish their own documentation systems in the Central Plains bonsai vigorous development trend, there are some people who wrote a number of relevant papers, books, but relatively small number of other schools is not conducive to the spread of development in Central Plains bonsai schools.
5, in the Central Plains as a genre established bonsai, you need to refine Central Plains bonsai theory to promote the establishment of the theoretical system.
Based on the analysis, summarization, the bottleneck impeding the development of bonsai Central Plains, Central Plains bonsai to establish the problems faced by schools and put forward practical proposals.
盆景起源于中国,唐宋时期传入日本,后从日本传播到世界各地。新中国成立后,中国盆景进入兴旺发达的高速发展时期。
中国盆景艺术有着悠久的历史,将植物的栽培管理和人工的造型技艺有机结合,使自然美和艺术美融为一体。由于我国地域辽阔,地理环境、自然条件、文化底蕴的存在差异,中国盆景形成了不同艺术表现形式的流派。中国盆景根据具有特有的地方树种、独特的艺术造型、独创的造型手法和自有的艺术风格等条件,区分各流派。中国盆景有传统五大派,扬派、苏派、川派、岭南派、海派。除了传统五大派。中国的盆景其它艺术流派,如浩浩大江,细则似涓涓清溪,各具风格,争奇斗艳,百花齐放。
中州盆景孕育在中原大地,起源于东汉,兴于唐,盛于明清。中华人民共和国成立后,传统的中州盆景技艺得到了恢复与发展。在1979年的“中国盆景艺术展览”的推动下,中州盆景蓬勃发展。经过几代人的努力,已逐步混成体系,建立自己的流派特征,逐步被中国盆景界所认可。
中州盆景受到中原地理、资源、人文等因素影响,极具地方风格,逐步形成“古朴飘逸、刚柔并济”的中州盆景艺术风格。
本文系统总结了中州盆景的选材特点、造型手法、艺术特色。
1、中州盆景在植物选材上,极具地方特色,选用了其它流派不常用的杂木类树桩。中州盆景作品也大多数为杂木类树桩盆景。此类选材就有取材容易、造型多变的特点。
2、中州盆景由于植物选材丰富,使得在盆景造型上丰富多彩,根据植物自身特性,确定其表现形式、艺术风格。
3、中州树桩盆景,杂木素材丰富、选材便利等特点,摆脱了其他盆景选材单一、手法单一的特点,有利于中国盆景艺术事业的丰富与发展。
中州盆景以其独特的风格,多样的表现形式,得到了国内盆景学术界的认可,已形成自己的流派,但还存在很多问题。
中州盆景历史悠久,但作为一个流派,不仅需要操作、创新等方面相关人士的创作、喜爱等,还需要有利于推广,只有建立一个中州盆景的理论体系,才能使广大群众更容易认识中州盆景的魅力、使专业人士更容易从理论方面研究中州盆景。中州盆景在理论体系的建立上还不够完善,需要做大量后续工作:
1、理论需要与实践、创新相结合,需要从实践中总结经验,升华理论,才能推动中州盆景的壮大、发展。
2、在各中展览、比赛中总结经验,不能只在实践手法上创新,找到理论的突破点,首先从理论上创新,从在实践中总结理论转变为理论指导实践,这样中州盆景才能有跨越式的发展,摆脱其思想上的局限性。
3、建立自己的理论机构,便于学习、传播,中州盆景协会在各方的努力下成立,组成成员也只是一些爱好者,缺乏理论如学校、大专院校、科研院所的成员,及其他行业如艺术、摄影、鉴赏等行业人员。极大的阻碍了中州盆景作为流派的影响力。
4、建立自己的文献体系,在中州盆景蓬勃的发展趋势下,有部分相关人士写了一些学术论文、书籍,但相对其它流派数量很少,不利于中州盆景流派的传播发展。
5、在中州盆景作为流派确立后,需要从理论上细化中州盆景,推动理论体系的建立。
本文通过分析、总结,阻碍中州盆景发展的瓶颈、中州盆景流派确立所面临的问题,提出确实可行的建议。
Bonsai is a highly summarized and refined, concentrated expression of the beautiful natural scenery of a special work of art. Bonsai is the creation of artistic beauty with the landscape and the landscape garden are similar, attaches great importance to freehand and lyrical.Bonsai originated in China, the Tang and Song dynasties brought to Japan and later spread around the world from Japan. After the founding of New China, Chinese bonsai into the thriving high-speed development period.Chinese bonsai art has a long history of cultivation and management of plant and artificial combination of modeling techniques, so that integration of natural beauty, and artistic beauty. Because of China's vast territory, geographical environment, natural conditions, the existence of differences in cultural heritage, the Chinese bonsai form of artistic expression in different forms of genre. Chinese Bonsai has a unique place under the trees, the unique art forms, unique styling techniques and conditions, such as its own artistic style to distinguish between the various schools. Chinese Bonsai traditional five faction, Yang faction, the Soviet Union sent, Sichuan faction, the Lingnan School, sophisticated. In addition to the traditional five faction. Chinese Bonsai other arts schools, such as the vast river,Rule may Juanjuan Cheonggyecheon each with their own style, contests, and flourishing.
Were born in the Central Plains Central Plains bonsai originated in the Eastern Han, Xing Yu Tang, Sheng Yu Ming and Qing dynasties. After the founding of The People's Republic of China, the traditional bonsai art Central Plains have been restored and development. In 1979, the "Chinese bonsai art exhibition" Under the impetus of Central Plains bonsai flourish. Through the efforts of several generations has gradually mixed system, and establish their own genre characteristics, and gradually recognized by the Chinese bonsai circles.
Bonsai by the Central Plains Central Plains geography, resources, culture and other factors, a very local style, and gradually form a "elegant simplicity, hardness with softness" in Central Plains bonsai style.
This paper systematically summed up the Central Plains bonsai selection characteristics, modeling techniques, artistic characteristics.
1, Central Plains bonsai plant selection, the very local characteristics and use of other genres not commonly used in combi class stumps. Central Plains bonsai works are also mostly hardwood stumps bonsai classes. Have drawn such a selection easy, shape changing characteristics.
2, Central Plains bonsai plant selection due to a rich, making the bonsai style on the rich and varied, according to plant their own characteristics, to determine their forms, artistic styles.
3, Central Plains stumps bonsai, HARDWOOD material is rich in material selection to facilitate the characteristics of other bonsai selection from a single, unitary approach the characteristics of Chinese bonsai art is conducive to the cause of the rich and development.
Central Plains bonsai with its unique style, diverse manifestations, has been the recognition of domestic bonsai academia have formed their own schools, but there are still many problems.
Central Plains Bonsai has a long history, but as a genre, not only need to operate, innovate and so on stakeholders creation, love, etc., but also conducive to the promotion, only the establishment of a Central Plains bonsai theoretical system, in order to make the masses more easily recognized Central Plains bonsai charm, making it easier for professionals from the theoretical study of Central Plains bonsai. Central Plains in the theoretical system, the establishment of Bonsai still not perfect enough, need to do a lot of follow-up work:
1, theory and practice needs, innovative combination of the need to sum up experience from practice, sublimation theory, in order to promote the growth of bonsai Central Plains and development.
2, in all the exhibitions, competitions for experience and not just innovate the way in practice to find a breakthrough point theory, starting with the theoretical innovation, from the translation of theory into practice, summed up the theory to guide practice, so that across the Central Plains in order to have bonsai type of development, and emerge from its ideological limitations.
3, to establish their own theories agencies, to facilitate learning, communication, Central Plains Bonsai Association was established under the efforts of all parties to form the members are just some enthusiasts, the lack of theory, such as schools, colleges, research institutes members, and other industries such as art, photography, appreciation and other industry personnel. Greatly hindered the Central Plains bonsai as a genre of influence.
4, to establish their own documentation systems in the Central Plains bonsai vigorous development trend, there are some people who wrote a number of relevant papers, books, but relatively small number of other schools is not conducive to the spread of development in Central Plains bonsai schools.
5, in the Central Plains as a genre established bonsai, you need to refine Central Plains bonsai theory to promote the establishment of the theoretical system.
Based on the analysis, summarization, the bottleneck impeding the development of bonsai Central Plains, Central Plains bonsai to establish the problems faced by schools and put forward practical proposals.
引文
[1]韦金笙.中国盆景的历史、流派及其艺术欣赏意境[J].北京林业大学学报, 2001, (05) .
[2]魏友民.浅论中国盆景的发展方向[J].花木盆景(盆景赏石版), 2005, (09) .
[3]朱瑞琪.闫进晓,朱素平.浅谈中州盆景风格[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[4]杨喜光.中州盆景的发展历程及趋势[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[5]李桂芝,赵阳,菅晓斌.浅谈园林与盆景[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[6]左彬森,也水,陈秀中,士平.中国盆景现状冷思考[J].花木盆景(盆景赏石版), 2006, (05) .
[7]于士祥.重庆盆景及其发展对策研究.西南大学硕士论文.2009
[8]韩新华试论中州盆景学术理论体系的构建[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[9]贾祥云;贾涛;夏名采;;中国盆景起源研究——中国盆景艺术形成于魏晋南北朝[J];花木盆景(盆景赏石版);2001年06期
[10]周政华;李怀福;;论中国盆景系统分类法[J];花木盆景(盆景赏石版);2002年05期
[2]魏友民.浅论中国盆景的发展方向[J].花木盆景(盆景赏石版), 2005, (09) .
[3]朱瑞琪.闫进晓,朱素平.浅谈中州盆景风格[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[4]杨喜光.中州盆景的发展历程及趋势[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[5]李桂芝,赵阳,菅晓斌.浅谈园林与盆景[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[6]左彬森,也水,陈秀中,士平.中国盆景现状冷思考[J].花木盆景(盆景赏石版), 2006, (05) .
[7]于士祥.重庆盆景及其发展对策研究.西南大学硕士论文.2009
[8]韩新华试论中州盆景学术理论体系的构建[J].河南林业科技, 2007, (S1)
[9]贾祥云;贾涛;夏名采;;中国盆景起源研究——中国盆景艺术形成于魏晋南北朝[J];花木盆景(盆景赏石版);2001年06期
[10]周政华;李怀福;;论中国盆景系统分类法[J];花木盆景(盆景赏石版);2002年05期