国有金融机构巨灾服务体系及重建模式探索
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摘要
2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的特大地震,累计造成受灾地区工厂、道路和其他基础设施损失总额高达10000亿人民币,约占我国上年度GDP总值的4.16%。据初步估算,若各金融机构对于借款人因地震造成巨大损失且不能获得保险补偿,或者以保险赔偿、担保追偿后仍不能偿还的债务认定为呆账并及时予以核销,金融机构因地震的损失可能达200亿元以上,其潜在风险资产总量可能更高。金融对经济的依赖性和关联性较强,重大灾害不仅对地方和国家的经济运行造成伤害,同时也对金融机构的资产和收益带来直接影响,因此,国有金融机构有必要建立在灾害发生期间的服务体系,并对灾后重建金融支持模式进行探索,以满足国有金融机构在安全性、流动性和盈利性以及社会责任等方面的均衡要求。
本文着重从重大灾害的产生和对金融机构行业自身经营特点出发,结合我国灾害频发和资金相对短缺的实际情况,探讨金融如何有机结合金融机构盈利性和社会性职能的发挥手段和模式,为国有金融机构提升应对巨灾的服务支持能力以及灾后重建融资模式作出一些有益的探索和思考。
全文共分成三个部分,第一部分重点说明巨灾风险的相关风险特点和世界对巨灾的分类方式和方法,其中第一节简要介绍相关概念和分类情况;第二节重点就巨灾影响情况进行分析,就灾害对经济(投资、消费和出口)和金融方面的影响进行对比;第三节客观介绍金融机构所面临的问题,以及灾害对金融机构资产质量、收益等方面的影响,服务能力和手段的不足之处。第二部分着重就国有金融机构应对巨灾服务体系的构建进行阐述,其中第一节分析国有金融机构分业经营模式所带来的优势和劣势,比较主要包括服务手段、数据管理、信贷政策、衍生产品、客户服务等方面;第二节分析国有金融机构单一法人模式所带来的优势和劣势,比较主要包括资源方面、效率方面、财务方面、风险方面、品牌方面等核心内容。第三部分重点关注国有金融机构支持重建模式的思考,第一节对传统的单一银行信贷投入(退出)模式进行分析和比较;第二节对银行信贷+财政补贴模式进行分析和比较;第三节对银行信贷+专业基金模式进行分析和比较;第四节对银行信贷+资本市场+保险市场混合模式进行分析和比较。
The 8 magnitude earthquake took place in Sichuan on May 12 which has brought huge losses around 1000 billion on factories, road and other infrastructure which takes up almost 4.16% of our GDP of previous year. As per rough estimation, if the losses caused by the huge earthquake are unable to be covered by insurance or after insurance compensation and recover losses through guarantee, if the liability can’t be reimbursed which is confirmed to be bad debt and cancelled after verification, the huge losses for financial organ may reach more than 20 billion yuan. The potential risk assets may be higher than this. Finance relies much on economy. The huge disaster damages not only local and national economy but also the assets and profit of financial organ. Therefore, it’s necessary for national financial organ to set up service system during disaster and to explore post-disaster reconstruction of financial support mode in order to meet requirement in safety, flexibility, profitability and social responsibility.
1. Summary of huge disaster risk
For easy explanation, the data from Mianyang city during 5.12 Earthquake was used to analyze and compare the character of huge disaster risk and situation of losses.
i. What is huge disaster risk? To introduce simply the description and classification
ii. Analysis on huge disaster effect.
To analyze the disaster effect on economy (investment, consumption and export) and finance.
iii. The problem faced.
To introduce the effect on assets quality and profit of financial organ and shortness of service ability and method
2. National financial organ’s construction against huge disaster service system.
i.Advantage and disadvantage brought by national financial organ’s separate operating mode
A..Service method
B. Data management
C. Credit policy
D.Derivative product
E. Customer service
ii. Advantage and disadvantage brought by national financial single corporation mode
A..Resources
B. Efficiency
C. Finance
D.Risk
E. Brand
3. To explore National financial organ reconstruction mode
i. Analysis of single bank credit devotion(exit) mode
ii. Analysis of bank credit plus financial allowance mode
iii. Analysis of bank credit plus specialty fund mode
iv. Analysis of bank credit, capital market, and insurance market mix mode.
本文着重从重大灾害的产生和对金融机构行业自身经营特点出发,结合我国灾害频发和资金相对短缺的实际情况,探讨金融如何有机结合金融机构盈利性和社会性职能的发挥手段和模式,为国有金融机构提升应对巨灾的服务支持能力以及灾后重建融资模式作出一些有益的探索和思考。
全文共分成三个部分,第一部分重点说明巨灾风险的相关风险特点和世界对巨灾的分类方式和方法,其中第一节简要介绍相关概念和分类情况;第二节重点就巨灾影响情况进行分析,就灾害对经济(投资、消费和出口)和金融方面的影响进行对比;第三节客观介绍金融机构所面临的问题,以及灾害对金融机构资产质量、收益等方面的影响,服务能力和手段的不足之处。第二部分着重就国有金融机构应对巨灾服务体系的构建进行阐述,其中第一节分析国有金融机构分业经营模式所带来的优势和劣势,比较主要包括服务手段、数据管理、信贷政策、衍生产品、客户服务等方面;第二节分析国有金融机构单一法人模式所带来的优势和劣势,比较主要包括资源方面、效率方面、财务方面、风险方面、品牌方面等核心内容。第三部分重点关注国有金融机构支持重建模式的思考,第一节对传统的单一银行信贷投入(退出)模式进行分析和比较;第二节对银行信贷+财政补贴模式进行分析和比较;第三节对银行信贷+专业基金模式进行分析和比较;第四节对银行信贷+资本市场+保险市场混合模式进行分析和比较。
The 8 magnitude earthquake took place in Sichuan on May 12 which has brought huge losses around 1000 billion on factories, road and other infrastructure which takes up almost 4.16% of our GDP of previous year. As per rough estimation, if the losses caused by the huge earthquake are unable to be covered by insurance or after insurance compensation and recover losses through guarantee, if the liability can’t be reimbursed which is confirmed to be bad debt and cancelled after verification, the huge losses for financial organ may reach more than 20 billion yuan. The potential risk assets may be higher than this. Finance relies much on economy. The huge disaster damages not only local and national economy but also the assets and profit of financial organ. Therefore, it’s necessary for national financial organ to set up service system during disaster and to explore post-disaster reconstruction of financial support mode in order to meet requirement in safety, flexibility, profitability and social responsibility.
1. Summary of huge disaster risk
For easy explanation, the data from Mianyang city during 5.12 Earthquake was used to analyze and compare the character of huge disaster risk and situation of losses.
i. What is huge disaster risk? To introduce simply the description and classification
ii. Analysis on huge disaster effect.
To analyze the disaster effect on economy (investment, consumption and export) and finance.
iii. The problem faced.
To introduce the effect on assets quality and profit of financial organ and shortness of service ability and method
2. National financial organ’s construction against huge disaster service system.
i.Advantage and disadvantage brought by national financial organ’s separate operating mode
A..Service method
B. Data management
C. Credit policy
D.Derivative product
E. Customer service
ii. Advantage and disadvantage brought by national financial single corporation mode
A..Resources
B. Efficiency
C. Finance
D.Risk
E. Brand
3. To explore National financial organ reconstruction mode
i. Analysis of single bank credit devotion(exit) mode
ii. Analysis of bank credit plus financial allowance mode
iii. Analysis of bank credit plus specialty fund mode
iv. Analysis of bank credit, capital market, and insurance market mix mode.
引文
①数据来源:四川省人民政府5.12地震公报;
②数据来源:中国银行业监督委员会网站;
③数据来源:中国工商银行网站;
④数据来源:2007年度中国银行业报告;
⑤数据来源:相关银行2008年年度中报;
⑥数据来源:张宗冠,陈强.中国农村金融研究所,《浅析5.12汶川大地震给灾区农村信用社可持续发展带来的影响及建议》
⑦数据来源:财政部部长谢旭人向全国人大常委会提交的《关于提请审议2008年中央预算调整草案的议案的说明》
1、张业成、张立海,《中国面临的巨灾风险以及应对》.
2、上海证券交易所,《中国工商银行股份有限公司2007年年度报告》、《中国工商银行股份有限公司2008年年度中期报告》.
3、国务院,《关于支持汶川地震灾后重建政策措施意见》.
4、王松奇,中国社会科学院金融研究所,《中国金融机构上市及银行体系调整问题》.
5、张宗冠,陈强.中国农村金融研究所,《浅析5.12汶川大地震给灾区农村信用社可持续发展带来的影响及建议》.
6、国务院抗震救灾总指挥部,《国家汶川地震灾后重建规划工作方案》.
7、人民出版社,《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》.
8、皇甫平丽、何德功、梁有昶、赵金川、荣守俊、李敬臣,《灾后重建的他山之石》,《瞭望》,2008-05-27.
9、顾林生,宋金文译,《灾后恢复与重建实施手册》,中国劳动社会保障出版社.
10、黄健、黄雷、单德申、王蕾蕾、俞敏、肖英,《灾后法律指南》,百家出版社.
11、柯三吉、丘昌泰、郭介恒、孙建忠、张文俊,《建立灾后救助之研究》,台北大学.
12、乔海曙、贺凌华,《中国银行业应急管理:问题与对策》,金融论坛.
②数据来源:中国银行业监督委员会网站;
③数据来源:中国工商银行网站;
④数据来源:2007年度中国银行业报告;
⑤数据来源:相关银行2008年年度中报;
⑥数据来源:张宗冠,陈强.中国农村金融研究所,《浅析5.12汶川大地震给灾区农村信用社可持续发展带来的影响及建议》
⑦数据来源:财政部部长谢旭人向全国人大常委会提交的《关于提请审议2008年中央预算调整草案的议案的说明》
1、张业成、张立海,《中国面临的巨灾风险以及应对》.
2、上海证券交易所,《中国工商银行股份有限公司2007年年度报告》、《中国工商银行股份有限公司2008年年度中期报告》.
3、国务院,《关于支持汶川地震灾后重建政策措施意见》.
4、王松奇,中国社会科学院金融研究所,《中国金融机构上市及银行体系调整问题》.
5、张宗冠,陈强.中国农村金融研究所,《浅析5.12汶川大地震给灾区农村信用社可持续发展带来的影响及建议》.
6、国务院抗震救灾总指挥部,《国家汶川地震灾后重建规划工作方案》.
7、人民出版社,《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》.
8、皇甫平丽、何德功、梁有昶、赵金川、荣守俊、李敬臣,《灾后重建的他山之石》,《瞭望》,2008-05-27.
9、顾林生,宋金文译,《灾后恢复与重建实施手册》,中国劳动社会保障出版社.
10、黄健、黄雷、单德申、王蕾蕾、俞敏、肖英,《灾后法律指南》,百家出版社.
11、柯三吉、丘昌泰、郭介恒、孙建忠、张文俊,《建立灾后救助之研究》,台北大学.
12、乔海曙、贺凌华,《中国银行业应急管理:问题与对策》,金融论坛.