天然气水合物开采模拟实验方法研究
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摘要
天然气水合物被认为是一种未来的优质、洁净能源,其蕴藏量约为现有地球化石燃料(石油、天然气和煤)总碳量的2倍。天然气水合物作为一种潜在的能源具有广阔的前景和发展空间,对缓解人类面临的能源枯竭危机具有举足轻重的作用,因此,开发和利用天然气水合物资源势在必行。
本文首先详细介绍了天然气水合物的结构、形成条件、资源分布、热动力学性质和研究历程以及研究趋势,然后介绍了国内外天然气水合物模拟实验方法的研究现状,最后设计了一套拥有自主知识产权、使用方便、测试数据准确可靠的“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”。
本文详细介绍了“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”的模拟实验测试原理、系统流程、测试参数技术指标的设计以及几个重要模块的设计;详细介绍了“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”的软件设计,包括软件的总体设计和主要功能模块的介绍;并通过实验中采集的图像和实验数据,说明了本套装置的实用性和优越性。
本课题设计的“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”,在以下几方面体现了创新性:
(1)在压力控制方面,使用增量式PID算法,采用单片机、步进电机和高压截止阀,搭建了一套压力控制系统,为压力控制提供了一种新的方法。
(2)反应釜采用不锈钢材料制作,采用高强度玻璃钢开设两个相对的观察窗,利用光纤在窗口给定平行光源,摄像头在窗口记录水合物生成和分解的全过程。
(3)在低温储罐内部,安装有12个温度探头,均匀地分布在储罐内的一个平面上,该平面还可以上下调节,从而监测水合物模拟开采过程中,低温储罐内任一个温度场内的温度变化。
“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”是一套有着自主知识产权、技术含量较高、数据采集准确、图象采集清晰的天然气水合物模拟实验研究装置。通过这套装置,可以对天然气水合物的生成过程、分解过程中的压力、温度、图象等进行详尽地采集、记录,对于研究水合物的生成、分解和开采提供技术支持。
At present, Natural Gas Hydrates (NGH), is known as a high-quality, clean, and potential energy source, and its reserves is almost two times of the total reserves in all fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in the world. NGH has wide application and development foreground and it has a pivotal function to relax the energy crisis of human faced. So, the development and utilization of NGH resources is necessary.
At first, the structure, formation condition, resources distribution, thermodynamical property, the course of study and the trend of NGH development are introduced in this paper, then the research status of the experimental methods for NGH physical simulation are presented at home and abroad, finally, the "Simulating Equipment of Natural Gas Hydrates Exploitation" with independent intellectual property rights was designed. It is convenient to use and the accurate and reliable test date can be gotten by this NGH physical simulation equipment.
The physical simulation testing principle, operating procedure, technical indexs designing of the important measuring parameters and main faculties of the NGH physical simulation experimental apparatus were introduced adequately. In addition, the design of software including the system design and the major function module were also introduced adequately in the paper. After the practical application, through the experimental data and the results of collecting images, it was indicated that this experimental system had the advantages of easy operating and the superiority.
The innovations and advantages of the NGH physical simulation experimental apparatus were performed in several ways of the following:
(1) In the pressure control aspect, use the increasing PID algorithm, combining the equipment of single chip and stepper motor with high pressure cut-off valve to build a set of pressure control system, which provided a new approach for the process of pressure control.
(2) The reaction vessel was made of stainless steel on which two opposite observing windows were set by high-strength frp as for recording the whole process of NGH formation and decomposition through the camera in the condition of parallel lightsources at the observing windows provided by fiber.
(3) There were total of 12 temperature probes uniformly distributed on one single plane ofthe inner low-temperature storage tank. The plane could be adjusted up and downwhich could be able to monitor the change of temperature field in the storage tankduring the experiment of NGH physical simulation process.
The NGH physical simulation experimental apparatus was a set of completely experimental system of the self-designing knowledge authority and the advanced technology to integrate the process of data and images collecting perfectly. With this system, the process of NGH formation, the change of pressure, temperature and images collecting ,etc. could be recorded effectively, which provided important theoretical support for further study of NGH developing.
本文首先详细介绍了天然气水合物的结构、形成条件、资源分布、热动力学性质和研究历程以及研究趋势,然后介绍了国内外天然气水合物模拟实验方法的研究现状,最后设计了一套拥有自主知识产权、使用方便、测试数据准确可靠的“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”。
本文详细介绍了“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”的模拟实验测试原理、系统流程、测试参数技术指标的设计以及几个重要模块的设计;详细介绍了“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”的软件设计,包括软件的总体设计和主要功能模块的介绍;并通过实验中采集的图像和实验数据,说明了本套装置的实用性和优越性。
本课题设计的“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”,在以下几方面体现了创新性:
(1)在压力控制方面,使用增量式PID算法,采用单片机、步进电机和高压截止阀,搭建了一套压力控制系统,为压力控制提供了一种新的方法。
(2)反应釜采用不锈钢材料制作,采用高强度玻璃钢开设两个相对的观察窗,利用光纤在窗口给定平行光源,摄像头在窗口记录水合物生成和分解的全过程。
(3)在低温储罐内部,安装有12个温度探头,均匀地分布在储罐内的一个平面上,该平面还可以上下调节,从而监测水合物模拟开采过程中,低温储罐内任一个温度场内的温度变化。
“天然气水合物开采模拟实验装置”是一套有着自主知识产权、技术含量较高、数据采集准确、图象采集清晰的天然气水合物模拟实验研究装置。通过这套装置,可以对天然气水合物的生成过程、分解过程中的压力、温度、图象等进行详尽地采集、记录,对于研究水合物的生成、分解和开采提供技术支持。
At present, Natural Gas Hydrates (NGH), is known as a high-quality, clean, and potential energy source, and its reserves is almost two times of the total reserves in all fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in the world. NGH has wide application and development foreground and it has a pivotal function to relax the energy crisis of human faced. So, the development and utilization of NGH resources is necessary.
At first, the structure, formation condition, resources distribution, thermodynamical property, the course of study and the trend of NGH development are introduced in this paper, then the research status of the experimental methods for NGH physical simulation are presented at home and abroad, finally, the "Simulating Equipment of Natural Gas Hydrates Exploitation" with independent intellectual property rights was designed. It is convenient to use and the accurate and reliable test date can be gotten by this NGH physical simulation equipment.
The physical simulation testing principle, operating procedure, technical indexs designing of the important measuring parameters and main faculties of the NGH physical simulation experimental apparatus were introduced adequately. In addition, the design of software including the system design and the major function module were also introduced adequately in the paper. After the practical application, through the experimental data and the results of collecting images, it was indicated that this experimental system had the advantages of easy operating and the superiority.
The innovations and advantages of the NGH physical simulation experimental apparatus were performed in several ways of the following:
(1) In the pressure control aspect, use the increasing PID algorithm, combining the equipment of single chip and stepper motor with high pressure cut-off valve to build a set of pressure control system, which provided a new approach for the process of pressure control.
(2) The reaction vessel was made of stainless steel on which two opposite observing windows were set by high-strength frp as for recording the whole process of NGH formation and decomposition through the camera in the condition of parallel lightsources at the observing windows provided by fiber.
(3) There were total of 12 temperature probes uniformly distributed on one single plane ofthe inner low-temperature storage tank. The plane could be adjusted up and downwhich could be able to monitor the change of temperature field in the storage tankduring the experiment of NGH physical simulation process.
The NGH physical simulation experimental apparatus was a set of completely experimental system of the self-designing knowledge authority and the advanced technology to integrate the process of data and images collecting perfectly. With this system, the process of NGH formation, the change of pressure, temperature and images collecting ,etc. could be recorded effectively, which provided important theoretical support for further study of NGH developing.
引文
1.张剑,业渝光.天然气水合物探测技术的模拟实验研究.海洋地质动态,2003;19(6):28-30
2.业渝光,张剑,刁少波.海洋天然气水合物模拟实验技术.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003;23(1):119-123
3.刘昌岭,业渝光.海洋天然气水合物生成机制的实验研究.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003;23(2):90-96
4.Youslf M.H.,Sloan E.D..Experimental Investigation of Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Consolidated Porous Media.SPERE,1991;11:452-458
5.Buffett B.A.,Zatsepina O.Ye.Formation of Gas Hydrate from Dissolved Gas in Natural Porous Medium.Marine Geology,2000;164:69-77
6.徐学祖.固体天然气水合物的成功合成.地球科学进展,1990(6)
7.邓友生,徐学祖,张立新.甲烷水合物合成的初步研究.冰川冻土,1993;15(1):144-148
8.Booth J.S.,Winters W.J,Dillon W.P.Apparatus Investigates Geological Aspects of Gas Hydrates.Oil & Gas Journal,1999;Oct.4:63-69
9.樊栓狮,陈勇.水合物的研究现状与发展趋势.中国科学院院刊,2001;2:106-110
10.雷怀彦,王先彬,房玄,郑艳红.天然气水合物研究现状与未来挑战.沉积学报,1999:17(3):493-497
11.何拥军,文凤英.海洋天然气水合物的研究现状及意义.海洋地质动态,1998;1(总第182期):4-7
12.周怀阳,彭小彤,叶瑛编著.天然气水合物.北京,海洋出版社,2000
13.全志利,伊尧国,孙良传.开发我国天然气水合物资源的探讨.天津城市建设学院学报,2001;7(3):199-203
14.赵省民.天然气水合物研究的新进展.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999;19(4):39-46
15.史斗,郑军卫.世界天然气水合物研究开发现状和前景.地球科学进展,1999;14(4):330-338
16.陈慧芳.天然气水合物形成条件的预测.西安石油学院学报,1994;9(1):65- 68
17.姚宇澄,殷福珊.天然气水合物研究进展.化学进展,1997;9(3):319-326
18.胡春,裘俊红.天然气水合物的结构性质及应用.天然气化工,2000;25(4):48-52
19.朱岳年,史卜庆.天然气水合物对油气藏聚集与保存的控制作用.天然气工业,2000:20(3):38-40
20.薛红兵.天然气水合物研究现状与发展趋势.2001年世界石油科技综述:181-190
21.陈光进,郭天民.天然气水合物生成过程的热力学研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995;19(增刊):88-92
22.裘俊红,郭天民,甲烷水合物在纯水中的生成动力学,化工学报,1998;49(3):383-386
23.孙长宇,陈光进,郭天民.水合物成核动力学研究现状.石油学报,2001;22(4):82-87
24.陈光进,马庆兰,郭天民.气体水合物的生成机理和热力学模型的建立.化工学报,2001;51(5):626-631
25.孙长宇,陈光进,郭天民等.甲烷水合物分解动力学.化工学报,2002;53(9):899-903
26.阎立军,刘犟,陈光进等.活性炭中甲烷水合物的生成动力学.石油学报(石油加工)2002;18(3):1-7
27.Guang-jin Chen,Tian-min Guo.A new Approach to Gas Hydrate Modelling.Chemical Engineering Journal,1998,71
28.孙志高,王如竹,樊栓狮,郭开华.天然气水合物研究进展.天然气工业,2001;21(1):93-96
29.赵生才.天然气水合物研究现状及我国对策.地球科学进展,2002;17(3):461-464
30.张俊霞,任建业.天然气水合物研究中的几个重要问题.地质科技情报,2001,20(1):44-48
31.陈作义,杨晓西,叶国兴,丁静,李文国.天然气水合物概况及最新研究进展.海洋通报,2002;21(3):78-84
32.霍焱,习宝林.材料力学.高等教育出版社.1994:243-245
2.业渝光,张剑,刁少波.海洋天然气水合物模拟实验技术.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003;23(1):119-123
3.刘昌岭,业渝光.海洋天然气水合物生成机制的实验研究.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003;23(2):90-96
4.Youslf M.H.,Sloan E.D..Experimental Investigation of Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Consolidated Porous Media.SPERE,1991;11:452-458
5.Buffett B.A.,Zatsepina O.Ye.Formation of Gas Hydrate from Dissolved Gas in Natural Porous Medium.Marine Geology,2000;164:69-77
6.徐学祖.固体天然气水合物的成功合成.地球科学进展,1990(6)
7.邓友生,徐学祖,张立新.甲烷水合物合成的初步研究.冰川冻土,1993;15(1):144-148
8.Booth J.S.,Winters W.J,Dillon W.P.Apparatus Investigates Geological Aspects of Gas Hydrates.Oil & Gas Journal,1999;Oct.4:63-69
9.樊栓狮,陈勇.水合物的研究现状与发展趋势.中国科学院院刊,2001;2:106-110
10.雷怀彦,王先彬,房玄,郑艳红.天然气水合物研究现状与未来挑战.沉积学报,1999:17(3):493-497
11.何拥军,文凤英.海洋天然气水合物的研究现状及意义.海洋地质动态,1998;1(总第182期):4-7
12.周怀阳,彭小彤,叶瑛编著.天然气水合物.北京,海洋出版社,2000
13.全志利,伊尧国,孙良传.开发我国天然气水合物资源的探讨.天津城市建设学院学报,2001;7(3):199-203
14.赵省民.天然气水合物研究的新进展.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999;19(4):39-46
15.史斗,郑军卫.世界天然气水合物研究开发现状和前景.地球科学进展,1999;14(4):330-338
16.陈慧芳.天然气水合物形成条件的预测.西安石油学院学报,1994;9(1):65- 68
17.姚宇澄,殷福珊.天然气水合物研究进展.化学进展,1997;9(3):319-326
18.胡春,裘俊红.天然气水合物的结构性质及应用.天然气化工,2000;25(4):48-52
19.朱岳年,史卜庆.天然气水合物对油气藏聚集与保存的控制作用.天然气工业,2000:20(3):38-40
20.薛红兵.天然气水合物研究现状与发展趋势.2001年世界石油科技综述:181-190
21.陈光进,郭天民.天然气水合物生成过程的热力学研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995;19(增刊):88-92
22.裘俊红,郭天民,甲烷水合物在纯水中的生成动力学,化工学报,1998;49(3):383-386
23.孙长宇,陈光进,郭天民.水合物成核动力学研究现状.石油学报,2001;22(4):82-87
24.陈光进,马庆兰,郭天民.气体水合物的生成机理和热力学模型的建立.化工学报,2001;51(5):626-631
25.孙长宇,陈光进,郭天民等.甲烷水合物分解动力学.化工学报,2002;53(9):899-903
26.阎立军,刘犟,陈光进等.活性炭中甲烷水合物的生成动力学.石油学报(石油加工)2002;18(3):1-7
27.Guang-jin Chen,Tian-min Guo.A new Approach to Gas Hydrate Modelling.Chemical Engineering Journal,1998,71
28.孙志高,王如竹,樊栓狮,郭开华.天然气水合物研究进展.天然气工业,2001;21(1):93-96
29.赵生才.天然气水合物研究现状及我国对策.地球科学进展,2002;17(3):461-464
30.张俊霞,任建业.天然气水合物研究中的几个重要问题.地质科技情报,2001,20(1):44-48
31.陈作义,杨晓西,叶国兴,丁静,李文国.天然气水合物概况及最新研究进展.海洋通报,2002;21(3):78-84
32.霍焱,习宝林.材料力学.高等教育出版社.1994:243-245