节点刚度对方管空间三角形桁架静动力性能的影响
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摘要
直接焊接相贯节点以其明快的线条、优美的外形受到越来越多工程人员的青睐。其部分节点型式(如β<0.8的间隙型节点)以弦杆表面相对凹凸变形为主,体现出较大的节点柔度。本文采用有限元分析方法,以空间三角形桁架为研究对象,分析了方钢管节点刚度对空间桁架静动力性能的影响。本文主要做了以下工作:
(1)根据现有规范及研究成果,设计了方管空间三角形桁架,并进行了桁架支座的设计。鉴于空间桁架不同于平面桁架,而目前规范尚无方管空间节点的规定,本文采用平面节点折减方法进行设计,并指出了空间桁架设计应予以注意的两个问题。
(2)应用ANSYS软件,采用SHELL43单元建立了整体桁架模型,考虑材料、几何非线性对其进行了静力计算,并对桁架半跨模型的可行性进行了验证。接着分析了桁架的静力性能,包括桁架的内力分布、整体变形、节点变形及塑性发展、桁架内力重分布和极限状态分析五个方面,并在分析过程中与现有桁架分析模型进行了对比。
(3)通过一组变化了节点刚度的桁架,分析了节点刚度对桁架静力性能的影响,提出了一种考虑节点轴向刚度的简化分析模型,并对该模型的可行性及准确性进行了验证。同时指出了推广该简化模型的一种思路,并简要地予以了验证。
(4)对一空间三角形桁架的动力性能进行了初步探索,分别进行了模态分析和动力时程分析。
Directly welded intersecting joints have been enjoyed by more and more engineers for their lively lines and beautiful outline. Some of these joints, e.g. gap joints withβ<0.8, mostly produce sags and crests on the face of the chord, which embodies the flexibility of the joints. The effect of joint stiffness on the static and dynamic behavior of the spatial triangular trusses is analyzed by the finite element analysis method. Here are the main parts of the analytic work:
(1) According to existing codes and research findings, spatial triangular SHS truss and the support of the truss are designed. On account of the differences between the spatial and planar trusses and the lack of the specification about the spatial SHS joints in existing codes, a reduction method to planar joints is adopted for spatial joint design and two attentions about the design of the spatial triangular truss are brought forward in this article.
(2) The whole truss model is established by the ANSYS software with SHELL43 element and calculated by considering the material and geometrical nonlinear under dead load. And the feasibility of the half-span model of the truss is verified. In succession, the static behavior of the truss is analyzed by the comparison with the existing truss analysis models, including the distribution of the member forces, the whole deformation, the plastoelastic deformation of joints, the redistribution of member forces and the analysis of the limit state.
(3) By a group of the trusses having different joint stiffness, the effect of the joint stiffness on truss static behavior is analyzed. A simplified model considering the joint axial rigidity is proposed and its feasibility and accuracy is verified. At the same time, a suggestion that may popularize the simplified model is put forward and briefly verified.
(4) The dynamic behavior of a spatial triangular SHS truss is preliminarily explored by the modal analysis and the dynamic time-history analysis.
(1)根据现有规范及研究成果,设计了方管空间三角形桁架,并进行了桁架支座的设计。鉴于空间桁架不同于平面桁架,而目前规范尚无方管空间节点的规定,本文采用平面节点折减方法进行设计,并指出了空间桁架设计应予以注意的两个问题。
(2)应用ANSYS软件,采用SHELL43单元建立了整体桁架模型,考虑材料、几何非线性对其进行了静力计算,并对桁架半跨模型的可行性进行了验证。接着分析了桁架的静力性能,包括桁架的内力分布、整体变形、节点变形及塑性发展、桁架内力重分布和极限状态分析五个方面,并在分析过程中与现有桁架分析模型进行了对比。
(3)通过一组变化了节点刚度的桁架,分析了节点刚度对桁架静力性能的影响,提出了一种考虑节点轴向刚度的简化分析模型,并对该模型的可行性及准确性进行了验证。同时指出了推广该简化模型的一种思路,并简要地予以了验证。
(4)对一空间三角形桁架的动力性能进行了初步探索,分别进行了模态分析和动力时程分析。
Directly welded intersecting joints have been enjoyed by more and more engineers for their lively lines and beautiful outline. Some of these joints, e.g. gap joints withβ<0.8, mostly produce sags and crests on the face of the chord, which embodies the flexibility of the joints. The effect of joint stiffness on the static and dynamic behavior of the spatial triangular trusses is analyzed by the finite element analysis method. Here are the main parts of the analytic work:
(1) According to existing codes and research findings, spatial triangular SHS truss and the support of the truss are designed. On account of the differences between the spatial and planar trusses and the lack of the specification about the spatial SHS joints in existing codes, a reduction method to planar joints is adopted for spatial joint design and two attentions about the design of the spatial triangular truss are brought forward in this article.
(2) The whole truss model is established by the ANSYS software with SHELL43 element and calculated by considering the material and geometrical nonlinear under dead load. And the feasibility of the half-span model of the truss is verified. In succession, the static behavior of the truss is analyzed by the comparison with the existing truss analysis models, including the distribution of the member forces, the whole deformation, the plastoelastic deformation of joints, the redistribution of member forces and the analysis of the limit state.
(3) By a group of the trusses having different joint stiffness, the effect of the joint stiffness on truss static behavior is analyzed. A simplified model considering the joint axial rigidity is proposed and its feasibility and accuracy is verified. At the same time, a suggestion that may popularize the simplified model is put forward and briefly verified.
(4) The dynamic behavior of a spatial triangular SHS truss is preliminarily explored by the modal analysis and the dynamic time-history analysis.
引文
1 J.A.Packer, J.E.Henderson, J.J.CAO(曹俊杰)著.空心管结构连接设计指南.科学出版社, 1997
2 Dominique Bauer, Richard G.Redwood. Triangular Truss Joints Using Rectangular Tubes. Journal of Structural Engineering.1988,114(2):408~424
3 Xiao-Ling Zhao, Gregory J.Hancock. T-Joints in Rectangular Hollow Sections Subject to Combined Actions. J.Struct Engrg,ASCE.1991,117(8): 2258~2277
4 J.S. Owen, G. Davies, R.B. Kelly. The influence of member orientation on the resistance of cross joints in square RHS construction. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2001, 57 :253–278
5 N.Kosteski, J.A.Packer, R.S.Puthli. A Finite Element Method Based Yield Load Determination Procedure for Hollow Structural Section Connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2003,59:453~471
6 Xiao-Ling Zhao. Deformation limit and ultimate strength of welded T-joints in cold-formed RHS sections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2000,53:149-165
7 J.J.Cao, J.A.Packer, G.J.Yang. Yield Line Analysis of RHS Connections with Axial Loads. J.Constr.Steel Res.1998,48:1~25
8 Toshiki Ishizawa,Masashi Iura. Analysis of tubular steel bridge piers. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2005,34:985-1004
9 Yoshiaki Kurobane. Connections in tubular structures. Prog.Struct.Engng Mater. 2002, 4:35-45
10 Kim J.R.Rasmussen, Ben Young. Tests of X- and K-Joints in SHS Stainless Steel Tubes. J.Struct.Engrg. 2001,127(10):1173~1182
11 M.M.K.Lee, S.R.Wilmshurst. Numerical Modelling of CHS Joints with Multiplanar Double-K Configuration. J.Construct. Steel Research. 1995,32: 281~301
12 M.M.K.Lee, S.R.Wilmshurst. Parameter Study of Strength of Tubular Multiplanar KK-joints. Journal of Structural Engineering. August 1996, Vol.122, NO.8 :893~904
13 M.M.K.Lee, S.R.Wilmshurst. Strength of Multiplanar Tubular KK-Joints under Antisymmetrical Axial Loading. J.Struct.Engrg,ASCE.1997,123(6):755 ~764
14 E.M.Dexter, M.M.K.Lee. Static Strength of Axially Loaded Tubular K-Joints. Journal of Structural Engineering. February 1999, Vol.125, No.2
15 J.Wardenier著,张其林译.钢管截面的结构应用.上海:同济大学出版社,2004
16武振宇,谭慧光,张耀春.不等宽T型方钢管节点的刚度计算.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. Oct.2002, Vol.35, No.5
17武振宇,张耀春.轴向力作用下T型方管节点的塑性铰线分析.土木工程学报. Aug.2002, Vol.35, No.4
18武振宇,张耀春.复杂荷载下不等宽T型方管节点承载力计算.哈尔滨工业大学学报. Apr.2004, Vol.36, No.4
19武胜,武振宇.弦杆轴力作用下K型间隙方管节点静力性能的研究. Steel Construction. 2003(2), Vol.18, No.64
20武振宇,张壮南,丁玉坤,张耀春. K、KK型间隙方钢管节点静力工作性能的试验研究.建筑结构学报. April.2004, Vol.25, No.2
21张壮南,武振宇,丁玉坤,张耀春.弦杆轴向压力作用下K型、KK型间隙方管节点静力工作性能的试验研究.土木工程学报. Apr. 2005, Vol.38, No.4
22丁玉坤,武振宇,张华山,张壮南. K型、KK型搭接方管节点的试验研究.土木工程学报. Apr. 2005, Vol.38,No.4
23王伟,陈以一.圆钢管相贯节点局部刚度的参数公式.同济大学学报. May 2003, Vol.31, No.5
24陈以一,王伟,赵宪忠,蒋晓莹,白翔,赵昭仪.圆钢管相贯节点抗弯刚度和承载力试验.建筑结构学报. Dec .2001, Vol.22, No.6
25杨俊芬. KX、KT型空间方管桁架相贯节点承载力分析及实用计算公式.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文.2005.2
26赵鹏飞,钱基宏,赵基达等.单项受力状态下矩形钢管相贯节点的承载力研究. Journal of Building Structures. Dec.2005, Vol.26, No.6
27赵鹏飞,钱基宏,赵基达等.复合受力状态下矩形钢管相贯节点的承载力研究. Journal of Building Structures. Dec.2005, Vol.26, No.6
28赵鹏飞,赵志雄,钱基宏,赵基达等.复合受力状态下矩形钢管相贯节点的试验研究. Journal of Building Structures. Dec.2005, Vol.26, No.6
29王啸.方钢管相贯节点转动刚度性能研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005.1
30 George S. Frater. Performance Behavior of welded Rectangular Hollow Structural Section Trusses. Ph.D.thesis, University of Toronto. 1991.
31 Robert H.Durfee. Review of Triangular Cross Section Truss Systems. Journal of Structural Engineering.1986,112(5):1088-1096
32 M. Saidani. The effect of joint eccentricity on the distribution of forces in RHS Lattice Girders. Journal of Constructional Steel Research.1998, 47:211-221
33 T.Suzuki, T.Ogawa, I.Kubodera. Deformation Capacity of Steel Truss Frames Under Earthquake. J. Construct, Steel Research. 1988
34 Ahmed El-Sheikh. Approximate dynamic analysis of space trusses. Engineering Structures. 2000,22:26-38
35 G.E.Blandford. Progressive Failure Analysis of Inelastic Space Truss Structures. Computers & Structures. 1996, Vol.58, No.5:981~990
36沈祖炎,陈扬骥,陈学潮.钢管结构极限承载力计算的力学模型.同济大学学报. Sep.1988, Vol.16, No.3
37沈祖炎,罗永峰,陈扬骥.矩形钢管屋架的试验研究. Steel Construction. Mar. 1995, Vol.10, No.27
38王慧.方钢管桁架次应力有限元分析.武汉大学硕士学位论文. 2005.5
39李东升,张耀春,张福海.三角形截面的空间格构式刚架体系静力参数分析.建筑钢结构进展. 2004, Vol.6, No.1
40张杨,张耀春.三角形截面空间格构式斜腿刚架平面内整体稳定性能研究.工业建筑. 2005, Vol.35, No.3
41刘玉姝.三角形空间格构式刚架平面外稳定参数分析.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2002(4)
42王文明,陈企奋,李友达.钢管空间桁架屋盖体系在某船舶工业厂房中的应用.建筑钢结构进展. 2003, Vol.5, No.3
43杨艳敏,孙润香,张云龙. 24m跨钢管屋架的静力试验研究.吉林建筑工程学院学报. Mar.2003, Vol.20, No.1
44张凤文,刘锡良.焊接方形钢管桁架结构设计. Steel Construction. 2001,Vol.16, No.51
45唐柏鉴,沈之容,李一松.空间桁架梁的研究与设计. Steel Construction. 2005(3), Vol.20, No.79
46李一松,唐柏鉴,裴波.大跨度空间桁架梁整体稳定的参数分析. Steel Construction. 2005(3), Vol.20, No.79
47王策,房秀梅,沈世钊.空间桁架极限承载力.工业建筑. 1996, Vol.26, No.10
48向斌.直接焊接K型、KK型间隙方管节点静力性能的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文. 2005
49张扬.直接焊接KT型搭接方管节点静力性能研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文. 2006.7
50杨溥,李英民,赖明.结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标.土木工程学报. Dec. 2000, Vol.33, No.6
51黄宗明,白绍良,赖明.结构地震反应时程分析中的阻尼问题评述.地震工程与工程震动. Jun.1996, Vol.16, No.2
2 Dominique Bauer, Richard G.Redwood. Triangular Truss Joints Using Rectangular Tubes. Journal of Structural Engineering.1988,114(2):408~424
3 Xiao-Ling Zhao, Gregory J.Hancock. T-Joints in Rectangular Hollow Sections Subject to Combined Actions. J.Struct Engrg,ASCE.1991,117(8): 2258~2277
4 J.S. Owen, G. Davies, R.B. Kelly. The influence of member orientation on the resistance of cross joints in square RHS construction. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2001, 57 :253–278
5 N.Kosteski, J.A.Packer, R.S.Puthli. A Finite Element Method Based Yield Load Determination Procedure for Hollow Structural Section Connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2003,59:453~471
6 Xiao-Ling Zhao. Deformation limit and ultimate strength of welded T-joints in cold-formed RHS sections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2000,53:149-165
7 J.J.Cao, J.A.Packer, G.J.Yang. Yield Line Analysis of RHS Connections with Axial Loads. J.Constr.Steel Res.1998,48:1~25
8 Toshiki Ishizawa,Masashi Iura. Analysis of tubular steel bridge piers. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2005,34:985-1004
9 Yoshiaki Kurobane. Connections in tubular structures. Prog.Struct.Engng Mater. 2002, 4:35-45
10 Kim J.R.Rasmussen, Ben Young. Tests of X- and K-Joints in SHS Stainless Steel Tubes. J.Struct.Engrg. 2001,127(10):1173~1182
11 M.M.K.Lee, S.R.Wilmshurst. Numerical Modelling of CHS Joints with Multiplanar Double-K Configuration. J.Construct. Steel Research. 1995,32: 281~301
12 M.M.K.Lee, S.R.Wilmshurst. Parameter Study of Strength of Tubular Multiplanar KK-joints. Journal of Structural Engineering. August 1996, Vol.122, NO.8 :893~904
13 M.M.K.Lee, S.R.Wilmshurst. Strength of Multiplanar Tubular KK-Joints under Antisymmetrical Axial Loading. J.Struct.Engrg,ASCE.1997,123(6):755 ~764
14 E.M.Dexter, M.M.K.Lee. Static Strength of Axially Loaded Tubular K-Joints. Journal of Structural Engineering. February 1999, Vol.125, No.2
15 J.Wardenier著,张其林译.钢管截面的结构应用.上海:同济大学出版社,2004
16武振宇,谭慧光,张耀春.不等宽T型方钢管节点的刚度计算.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. Oct.2002, Vol.35, No.5
17武振宇,张耀春.轴向力作用下T型方管节点的塑性铰线分析.土木工程学报. Aug.2002, Vol.35, No.4
18武振宇,张耀春.复杂荷载下不等宽T型方管节点承载力计算.哈尔滨工业大学学报. Apr.2004, Vol.36, No.4
19武胜,武振宇.弦杆轴力作用下K型间隙方管节点静力性能的研究. Steel Construction. 2003(2), Vol.18, No.64
20武振宇,张壮南,丁玉坤,张耀春. K、KK型间隙方钢管节点静力工作性能的试验研究.建筑结构学报. April.2004, Vol.25, No.2
21张壮南,武振宇,丁玉坤,张耀春.弦杆轴向压力作用下K型、KK型间隙方管节点静力工作性能的试验研究.土木工程学报. Apr. 2005, Vol.38, No.4
22丁玉坤,武振宇,张华山,张壮南. K型、KK型搭接方管节点的试验研究.土木工程学报. Apr. 2005, Vol.38,No.4
23王伟,陈以一.圆钢管相贯节点局部刚度的参数公式.同济大学学报. May 2003, Vol.31, No.5
24陈以一,王伟,赵宪忠,蒋晓莹,白翔,赵昭仪.圆钢管相贯节点抗弯刚度和承载力试验.建筑结构学报. Dec .2001, Vol.22, No.6
25杨俊芬. KX、KT型空间方管桁架相贯节点承载力分析及实用计算公式.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文.2005.2
26赵鹏飞,钱基宏,赵基达等.单项受力状态下矩形钢管相贯节点的承载力研究. Journal of Building Structures. Dec.2005, Vol.26, No.6
27赵鹏飞,钱基宏,赵基达等.复合受力状态下矩形钢管相贯节点的承载力研究. Journal of Building Structures. Dec.2005, Vol.26, No.6
28赵鹏飞,赵志雄,钱基宏,赵基达等.复合受力状态下矩形钢管相贯节点的试验研究. Journal of Building Structures. Dec.2005, Vol.26, No.6
29王啸.方钢管相贯节点转动刚度性能研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005.1
30 George S. Frater. Performance Behavior of welded Rectangular Hollow Structural Section Trusses. Ph.D.thesis, University of Toronto. 1991.
31 Robert H.Durfee. Review of Triangular Cross Section Truss Systems. Journal of Structural Engineering.1986,112(5):1088-1096
32 M. Saidani. The effect of joint eccentricity on the distribution of forces in RHS Lattice Girders. Journal of Constructional Steel Research.1998, 47:211-221
33 T.Suzuki, T.Ogawa, I.Kubodera. Deformation Capacity of Steel Truss Frames Under Earthquake. J. Construct, Steel Research. 1988
34 Ahmed El-Sheikh. Approximate dynamic analysis of space trusses. Engineering Structures. 2000,22:26-38
35 G.E.Blandford. Progressive Failure Analysis of Inelastic Space Truss Structures. Computers & Structures. 1996, Vol.58, No.5:981~990
36沈祖炎,陈扬骥,陈学潮.钢管结构极限承载力计算的力学模型.同济大学学报. Sep.1988, Vol.16, No.3
37沈祖炎,罗永峰,陈扬骥.矩形钢管屋架的试验研究. Steel Construction. Mar. 1995, Vol.10, No.27
38王慧.方钢管桁架次应力有限元分析.武汉大学硕士学位论文. 2005.5
39李东升,张耀春,张福海.三角形截面的空间格构式刚架体系静力参数分析.建筑钢结构进展. 2004, Vol.6, No.1
40张杨,张耀春.三角形截面空间格构式斜腿刚架平面内整体稳定性能研究.工业建筑. 2005, Vol.35, No.3
41刘玉姝.三角形空间格构式刚架平面外稳定参数分析.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2002(4)
42王文明,陈企奋,李友达.钢管空间桁架屋盖体系在某船舶工业厂房中的应用.建筑钢结构进展. 2003, Vol.5, No.3
43杨艳敏,孙润香,张云龙. 24m跨钢管屋架的静力试验研究.吉林建筑工程学院学报. Mar.2003, Vol.20, No.1
44张凤文,刘锡良.焊接方形钢管桁架结构设计. Steel Construction. 2001,Vol.16, No.51
45唐柏鉴,沈之容,李一松.空间桁架梁的研究与设计. Steel Construction. 2005(3), Vol.20, No.79
46李一松,唐柏鉴,裴波.大跨度空间桁架梁整体稳定的参数分析. Steel Construction. 2005(3), Vol.20, No.79
47王策,房秀梅,沈世钊.空间桁架极限承载力.工业建筑. 1996, Vol.26, No.10
48向斌.直接焊接K型、KK型间隙方管节点静力性能的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文. 2005
49张扬.直接焊接KT型搭接方管节点静力性能研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文. 2006.7
50杨溥,李英民,赖明.结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标.土木工程学报. Dec. 2000, Vol.33, No.6
51黄宗明,白绍良,赖明.结构地震反应时程分析中的阻尼问题评述.地震工程与工程震动. Jun.1996, Vol.16, No.2