绿色电源模块的PFC技术研究
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摘要
AC/DC变换器是电器装置中最常用的一种变换器,为了减小其对电网的污染,提高输入功率因数,需要采用功率因数校正(PFC)技术。
目前,单相功率因数校正技术已经成熟,但是三相功率因数校正技术仍处于研发阶段。采用Boost型电路拓扑的有源PFC技术由于具有总谐波失真(THD)小,功率因数接近1的优点而得到广泛应用。但是,其应用也受到成本、开关应力等因素的影响,需要进一步优化。
本文在单相PFC技术控制模型的基础上研究了三相单开关PFC技术,这种控制方法优势在于控制简单实用,成本低,可以较好地实现电路功率因数校正功能;同时还研究了一种新颖的三相三电平功率因数校正电路,这种电路的优势在于功率开关管两端承受的电压应力为直流母线电压的一半,便于功率开关的选取,可以有效降低开关损耗。
本课题的研究层次是:首先研究了PFC技术的实现原理,并研究了单相单开关PFC的控制方法,开发了试验样机,通过实验验证了其控制效果;其次,通过建立三相单开关PFC电路的单相等效控制模型,分析并确定各个参数关系,提出了一套实用的数字控制方案,通过实验验证了这种控制模型的有效性;然后,针对单个开关承受应力大的情况,研究了三电平三开关PFC技术,并通过数学分析建模,设计单周期控制方案,通过计算机仿真验证了这种方案的有效性;最后,对本课题研究作了总结和展望。
AC/DC converter is a most widely used converter in electronic devices. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution of power supply and improve the power factor, more power factor correction technology is used.
At present, the single-phase PFC is already developed, but the three-phase PFC is still in the stage of developing. The PFC converter based on the boost topology is being widely used for the advantage that input current total harmonic distortion is low and it makes input end power factor of the whole circuit into unity power factor closely. But the high DC bus voltage stress is an important issue for using and it needs further research.
This thesis presents a new control model of three-phase power factor correction circuit, which based on the model of single-phase and has an advantage of low cost and high performance. Further more, this thesis presents a novel three-level three-phase single stage power factor correction circuit. The structure of the circuit reduces the voltage stress across the power switches to 50% of the bus voltage. It’s easy for us to choose the switching devices.
Firstly, a novel control principle is presented after the research of PFC method, and the good effect of the principle is verified with the experiment. Secondly, an equivalent control model of three-phase is built, the parameters are analyzed one by one, a new three-phase power-factor correction scheme using digital control is designed and has a good effect in the experiment. Then, a circuit of three-level three-phase single stage power factor correction is researched. Its effect is verified through computer simulation. Finally, a summary of this thesis is provided, and some problems are discussed which point out the future study field.
目前,单相功率因数校正技术已经成熟,但是三相功率因数校正技术仍处于研发阶段。采用Boost型电路拓扑的有源PFC技术由于具有总谐波失真(THD)小,功率因数接近1的优点而得到广泛应用。但是,其应用也受到成本、开关应力等因素的影响,需要进一步优化。
本文在单相PFC技术控制模型的基础上研究了三相单开关PFC技术,这种控制方法优势在于控制简单实用,成本低,可以较好地实现电路功率因数校正功能;同时还研究了一种新颖的三相三电平功率因数校正电路,这种电路的优势在于功率开关管两端承受的电压应力为直流母线电压的一半,便于功率开关的选取,可以有效降低开关损耗。
本课题的研究层次是:首先研究了PFC技术的实现原理,并研究了单相单开关PFC的控制方法,开发了试验样机,通过实验验证了其控制效果;其次,通过建立三相单开关PFC电路的单相等效控制模型,分析并确定各个参数关系,提出了一套实用的数字控制方案,通过实验验证了这种控制模型的有效性;然后,针对单个开关承受应力大的情况,研究了三电平三开关PFC技术,并通过数学分析建模,设计单周期控制方案,通过计算机仿真验证了这种方案的有效性;最后,对本课题研究作了总结和展望。
AC/DC converter is a most widely used converter in electronic devices. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution of power supply and improve the power factor, more power factor correction technology is used.
At present, the single-phase PFC is already developed, but the three-phase PFC is still in the stage of developing. The PFC converter based on the boost topology is being widely used for the advantage that input current total harmonic distortion is low and it makes input end power factor of the whole circuit into unity power factor closely. But the high DC bus voltage stress is an important issue for using and it needs further research.
This thesis presents a new control model of three-phase power factor correction circuit, which based on the model of single-phase and has an advantage of low cost and high performance. Further more, this thesis presents a novel three-level three-phase single stage power factor correction circuit. The structure of the circuit reduces the voltage stress across the power switches to 50% of the bus voltage. It’s easy for us to choose the switching devices.
Firstly, a novel control principle is presented after the research of PFC method, and the good effect of the principle is verified with the experiment. Secondly, an equivalent control model of three-phase is built, the parameters are analyzed one by one, a new three-phase power-factor correction scheme using digital control is designed and has a good effect in the experiment. Then, a circuit of three-level three-phase single stage power factor correction is researched. Its effect is verified through computer simulation. Finally, a summary of this thesis is provided, and some problems are discussed which point out the future study field.
引文
[1]丁道宏主编.电力电子技术(修订版).北京:航空工业出版,1999
[2]高奇峰.三电平三相单级性功率因数校正电路研究.硕士论文,2004
[3]张卫平等编著.绿色电源——现代电能变换技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2001
[4]张立,赵永建.现代电力电子技术.北京:科学出版社,1992
[5]徐德鸿.21世纪电力电子技术的机遇与挑战.电工技术杂志,2002(10):1-4
[6]刘胜利编著,严仰光审校.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[7]陆安定主编.功率因数与无功补偿.上海:上海科学普及出版社, 2004
[8]李爱文,张承慧编著.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000
[9] Jai P.Arawal.电力电子系统——理论与设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[10]徐德鸿.三相高功率因数整流器的发展与现状[C].第十三届中国国际电源新技术研讨会论文集.昆明,1994:126-133
[11]赵良炳.近十年我国电力电子领域的新进展及未来主要研究课题.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集:9-18
[12] Roberto Martinez, Prasad N Enjeti A High-Performance Single-phase Rectifier with Input Power Factor Correction [J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, March 1996,11(2):311-317
[13] Chien Ming Wang ZCS-PWM Boost filter with High Power Factor and Low Conduction Losses [J]. IEEE Trans, Feb,2004,40(2):650-660
[14] K Smedly and S Cuk One-cycle Control of Switching Converters [J],IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, Oct 1995,10(6):625-633
[15] Min Dong K, et al. Direct digital current control of a three–phase PWM converter base on a new control model with a delay and SVPWM effects.IEEE IECON, 1998,2:774~779
[16]杨根元等.带有逐流电路的高性能电子镇流器的理论与分析.中国照明电器,1993(6)
[17]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华编著.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004
[18]朱方明,余建刚,有源功率因数校正技术原理及应用,现代电子技术,2000(10) :40-42
[19]潘飞蹊,陈星弼.高功率因数Boost变换器电流滞环控制的一种简单实现方案.电子学报, 2004(8)
[20] Thomas G. Habetler. Power electronic converters and system control[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,June 2001,vol.89,No.6,913-925
[21] Keyue M Smedley. One-cycle control of switching converters. 22nd Annual IEEE PESC,1991,888~896
[22] Jinrong Qian;Lee,F. C,Charge pump power-factor-correction technologies part I :Concept and principle.IEEE trans-actions on power electronics,2000,15(1):121-129
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理和设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998,273- 290
[24]严百平,刘健,程红丽.不连续导电模式搞功率因数开关电源.北京:科学出版社,2000:1-22
[25] Liyu Yang, Bing Lu, Wei Dong, Zhiguo Lu, Ming Xu, F. C. Lee and W. G. Odendaal。Modeling and Characterization of a 1 KW CCM PFC Converter for Conducted EMI Prediction
[26] Katsunori Taniguchi, Yukio Nakaya. Analysis and Improvement of Input Current Waveform for Discontinuous Mode Boost Converter with Unity Power Factor[C].Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference, Nagaoka, 1997(1):399-404
[27]王玉峰,肖永江.单相Boost功率因数校正主电路模型建立.电气传动自动化,Vol.24,No.1,Feb.2002:34-36
[28]朱士海,吴卫民,钱照明.一种新型高性能功率因数校正整流电路.电工电能新技术,2003年第22卷第2期:68-71
[29]张祖正,谢运祥,高静巧.一种新颖的高功率因数AC/DC变换器.工技术杂志,2004(12)
[30]张万峰,阮立飞等.基于Boost电路功率因数调节器的设计.上海交通岛学学报,Vol.35,No.8,Aug,2001:1238-1241
[31]苗海亮,雷淮刚,陈辉,龚幼民.变频空调中功率因数校正的控制电路设计.上海大学学报(自然科学版),2003年4月,第9卷第2期
[32] M. Orabi, T. Ninomiya, C. lin, "New practical issue for power factor correction converter stability," EunoPES02, pp. 340-345
[33] H. Mao.F. C. Lee, D.Boroyevich, and S. Hiti, Review of high performance three-phase power factor correction circuit, IEEE Trans. Ind Electron.vol. 44, pp.437 446, Aug. 1997
[34] Mao Hengchun,Lee F C,Boroyevich D,et al. Review of High-performance Three-phase Power factor Correction Circuits[J].IEEE Trans. on Indus.Electr.1997,44 (4): 437-445
[35]邓卫华,胡宗波,张波.三相功率因数校正拓扑结构及软开关技术.电力电子技术,第35卷第3期,2001年6月
[36]杨成林,陈敏,徐德鸿.三相功率因数校正技术的综述.第十五届全国电源技术年会论文集:221~231
[37]应建平,陆冰,曾剑鸿.高效三相准单级PFC DC/DC变换器.电力电子技术,第36卷第3期,2002年6月
[38]王荣,吕清,朱忠尼.三相整流器功率因数校正电路的现状与发展.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集:19-26
[39] Manjing Xie, Digital Control for Power Factor Correction[Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of them for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering],Center for Power Electronics System(CPES) at Viginia Tech,2003.
[40]李春燕.基于DSP的电源数字控制研究[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航大大学,2004
[41]蒋志宏,黄立培,孙晓东,郭宇婕.于DSP的DC/DC Boost PFC模块的并联交错控制研究,工电能新技术,004年第23卷第2期:7-30
[42] Y. Jang and M. M. Jovanovic, A comparative study of single-switch three-phase high-power-factor rectifiers, IEEE Trans. Ind. Application., vol. 34, pp. 1327 1334, Nov./Dec. 1998
[43]赵修科编著.用电源技术丛书磁性元器件分册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002
[44] Jindong Zhang. Jianwen Shao,Xu Peng。Evaluation of input current in the critical mode boost PFC converter for distributed power systems。IEEE APEC [C].USA,2001 .Vol. 1:130-136
[45]刘和平,利平,张学锋,卓清锋编著.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学,2002
[46]曹建安,裴云庆,王兆安.Boost PFC电路中开关器件的损耗分析与计算.电工电能新技术,Vol,21.No.1,Jan.2002:41-42
[47]胡寿松主编.自动控制原理(第3版).北京:国防工业出版社,1994
[48]杨旭,王兆安.开关电路拓扑的分析和推演.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集:1-4
[49] Domingos S.L.Simonetti,Jose Luiz F.Vieira,Gilberto C.D.Sousa,Modeling of the High-Power-Factor Discontinuous Boost Rectifiers.IEEE Trans.On industrial Electronics,Vol.46,No.4,August 1999:778-795
[50] Jaehong Hahn, Student Member, IEEE, Prasad N. Enjeti, Fellow, IEEE, and lia J. Pitel, Fellow, IEEE。A New Three-Phase Power-Factor Correction (PFC)Scheme Using Two Single-Phase PFC Modules。IEEE Transactions on industry applications. Vol.8.NO.1. January/February 2002
[51] Po-Wa Lee,Yim-Shu Lee,D avid K.W.Cheng,Xiu-Cheng Liu. Steady-State Analysis of an Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors. IEEE Tran. On Industrial Electronics, Vol.47, No.4,August 2000:787-799
[52] F. C. Lee, Analysis and design of power factor correction circuits,presented at the Power Systems World Int. Conf., Professional Advancement Course, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 1996
[53]陈永春.从Matlab/Simulink模型到代码实现.清华大学出版社,2002年10月。
[54]胡明星,谢运来.单周期控制无桥Boost PFC电路分析和仿真.通信电源技术,2005年6月,第22卷第三期
[2]高奇峰.三电平三相单级性功率因数校正电路研究.硕士论文,2004
[3]张卫平等编著.绿色电源——现代电能变换技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2001
[4]张立,赵永建.现代电力电子技术.北京:科学出版社,1992
[5]徐德鸿.21世纪电力电子技术的机遇与挑战.电工技术杂志,2002(10):1-4
[6]刘胜利编著,严仰光审校.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[7]陆安定主编.功率因数与无功补偿.上海:上海科学普及出版社, 2004
[8]李爱文,张承慧编著.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000
[9] Jai P.Arawal.电力电子系统——理论与设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[10]徐德鸿.三相高功率因数整流器的发展与现状[C].第十三届中国国际电源新技术研讨会论文集.昆明,1994:126-133
[11]赵良炳.近十年我国电力电子领域的新进展及未来主要研究课题.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集:9-18
[12] Roberto Martinez, Prasad N Enjeti A High-Performance Single-phase Rectifier with Input Power Factor Correction [J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, March 1996,11(2):311-317
[13] Chien Ming Wang ZCS-PWM Boost filter with High Power Factor and Low Conduction Losses [J]. IEEE Trans, Feb,2004,40(2):650-660
[14] K Smedly and S Cuk One-cycle Control of Switching Converters [J],IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, Oct 1995,10(6):625-633
[15] Min Dong K, et al. Direct digital current control of a three–phase PWM converter base on a new control model with a delay and SVPWM effects.IEEE IECON, 1998,2:774~779
[16]杨根元等.带有逐流电路的高性能电子镇流器的理论与分析.中国照明电器,1993(6)
[17]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华编著.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004
[18]朱方明,余建刚,有源功率因数校正技术原理及应用,现代电子技术,2000(10) :40-42
[19]潘飞蹊,陈星弼.高功率因数Boost变换器电流滞环控制的一种简单实现方案.电子学报, 2004(8)
[20] Thomas G. Habetler. Power electronic converters and system control[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,June 2001,vol.89,No.6,913-925
[21] Keyue M Smedley. One-cycle control of switching converters. 22nd Annual IEEE PESC,1991,888~896
[22] Jinrong Qian;Lee,F. C,Charge pump power-factor-correction technologies part I :Concept and principle.IEEE trans-actions on power electronics,2000,15(1):121-129
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理和设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998,273- 290
[24]严百平,刘健,程红丽.不连续导电模式搞功率因数开关电源.北京:科学出版社,2000:1-22
[25] Liyu Yang, Bing Lu, Wei Dong, Zhiguo Lu, Ming Xu, F. C. Lee and W. G. Odendaal。Modeling and Characterization of a 1 KW CCM PFC Converter for Conducted EMI Prediction
[26] Katsunori Taniguchi, Yukio Nakaya. Analysis and Improvement of Input Current Waveform for Discontinuous Mode Boost Converter with Unity Power Factor[C].Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference, Nagaoka, 1997(1):399-404
[27]王玉峰,肖永江.单相Boost功率因数校正主电路模型建立.电气传动自动化,Vol.24,No.1,Feb.2002:34-36
[28]朱士海,吴卫民,钱照明.一种新型高性能功率因数校正整流电路.电工电能新技术,2003年第22卷第2期:68-71
[29]张祖正,谢运祥,高静巧.一种新颖的高功率因数AC/DC变换器.工技术杂志,2004(12)
[30]张万峰,阮立飞等.基于Boost电路功率因数调节器的设计.上海交通岛学学报,Vol.35,No.8,Aug,2001:1238-1241
[31]苗海亮,雷淮刚,陈辉,龚幼民.变频空调中功率因数校正的控制电路设计.上海大学学报(自然科学版),2003年4月,第9卷第2期
[32] M. Orabi, T. Ninomiya, C. lin, "New practical issue for power factor correction converter stability," EunoPES02, pp. 340-345
[33] H. Mao.F. C. Lee, D.Boroyevich, and S. Hiti, Review of high performance three-phase power factor correction circuit, IEEE Trans. Ind Electron.vol. 44, pp.437 446, Aug. 1997
[34] Mao Hengchun,Lee F C,Boroyevich D,et al. Review of High-performance Three-phase Power factor Correction Circuits[J].IEEE Trans. on Indus.Electr.1997,44 (4): 437-445
[35]邓卫华,胡宗波,张波.三相功率因数校正拓扑结构及软开关技术.电力电子技术,第35卷第3期,2001年6月
[36]杨成林,陈敏,徐德鸿.三相功率因数校正技术的综述.第十五届全国电源技术年会论文集:221~231
[37]应建平,陆冰,曾剑鸿.高效三相准单级PFC DC/DC变换器.电力电子技术,第36卷第3期,2002年6月
[38]王荣,吕清,朱忠尼.三相整流器功率因数校正电路的现状与发展.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集:19-26
[39] Manjing Xie, Digital Control for Power Factor Correction[Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of them for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering],Center for Power Electronics System(CPES) at Viginia Tech,2003.
[40]李春燕.基于DSP的电源数字控制研究[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航大大学,2004
[41]蒋志宏,黄立培,孙晓东,郭宇婕.于DSP的DC/DC Boost PFC模块的并联交错控制研究,工电能新技术,004年第23卷第2期:7-30
[42] Y. Jang and M. M. Jovanovic, A comparative study of single-switch three-phase high-power-factor rectifiers, IEEE Trans. Ind. Application., vol. 34, pp. 1327 1334, Nov./Dec. 1998
[43]赵修科编著.用电源技术丛书磁性元器件分册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002
[44] Jindong Zhang. Jianwen Shao,Xu Peng。Evaluation of input current in the critical mode boost PFC converter for distributed power systems。IEEE APEC [C].USA,2001 .Vol. 1:130-136
[45]刘和平,利平,张学锋,卓清锋编著.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学,2002
[46]曹建安,裴云庆,王兆安.Boost PFC电路中开关器件的损耗分析与计算.电工电能新技术,Vol,21.No.1,Jan.2002:41-42
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