三相有源功率因数校正技术的研究
|
摘要
谐波是电网的主要污染源。为了解决传统整流设备输入电流谐波含量高、功率因数较低的问题,人们提出了多种解决方法。而功率因数校正(PFC)技术是解决谐波污染的最有效方法。目前,单相PFC技术已趋成熟,而三相有源功率因数校正(APFC)技术正成为国内外研究的热点。
本文的三相APFC技术的研究,主要包括主电路拓扑和控制策略。为了克服常规的三相APFC电路高成本、控制电路复杂、三相之间相互耦合等缺点,本文提出了两种实用性很强的电路,谐波注入式三相单开关APFC电路和单周期控制的双开关APFC电路。
由于数字控制具有简化硬件电路,控制灵活和易于实现先进控制等优点,数字化控制的PFC电路也是当今研究的重点。论文中的单周期控制策略和双环控制策略均可以用数字信号处理器(DSP)得以实现。
本文首先研究了三相单开关APFC技术,对整个电路的工作过程、功率因数校正原理、输入电流谐波抑制方法等进行了详细分析,针对普通单开关APFC电路功率因数并不高的问题,着重研究了谐波注入技术,并且论证了单周期控制策略的实用性,为多开关控制方法提供了依据;其次分析了双开关的工作过程,讨论了占空比的变化对这种电路的影响,提出了改进方法,并建立了数学模型,利用Saber软件进行仿真研究,验证了理论分析的正确性,设计了基于DSP的数字控制电路;然后,通过实验样机验证了以上两种电路的可行性,实验表明,本文研究的两种电路都能有效抑制谐波畸变。最后,对本课题研究作了总结和展望。
The power network is polluted by harmonic current from the traditional AC/DC converter. AC/DC converter is most widely used in electronic devices. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution of power supply and improve the power factor, more power factor correction technology is used. At present, the single-phase power factor correction(PFC)is already developed, but the three-phase active power factor correction (APFC)is still in the stage of developing.
This thesis presents a new control model of three-phase APFC circuit, which based on the model of One-Cycle-Control and has an advantage of low cost and high performance. Further more, this thesis presents a novel dual-transistor three-phase power factor correction circuit. Single-Switch boost type Harmonic Injection APFC circuit and Dual-Switch boost type One-Cycle-Control. APFC circuit have the merits of high control precision, simple circuit structure.
The merits of digital control include simple hardware, flexible control and easy to realize advanced arithmetic etc. In the current it is popular to use digital control in APFC circuit. One-Cycle-Control algorithms and multiple-loop Control algorithms can be implemented in APFC circuit by digital signal processors (DSP).
At first, this thesis introduces the classification and the virtues and defects of correction technology for active power factor correction. After introducing the operating principle of One-Cycle-Controlled three-phase single-switch Boost rectifier, the reason why the proposed circuit can reduce the input line current total-harmonic-distortion(THD), improving the power-factor and characteristics of the whole system is also given. The advanced dual-switch circuit is proved and introduced the influence of the duty cycle control. Then, Saber is the popular simulation software and used to simulate the propose circuit. Based on the simulation waveforms, an experimental installation is given. Finally, the experimental waveforms and results are given.
本文的三相APFC技术的研究,主要包括主电路拓扑和控制策略。为了克服常规的三相APFC电路高成本、控制电路复杂、三相之间相互耦合等缺点,本文提出了两种实用性很强的电路,谐波注入式三相单开关APFC电路和单周期控制的双开关APFC电路。
由于数字控制具有简化硬件电路,控制灵活和易于实现先进控制等优点,数字化控制的PFC电路也是当今研究的重点。论文中的单周期控制策略和双环控制策略均可以用数字信号处理器(DSP)得以实现。
本文首先研究了三相单开关APFC技术,对整个电路的工作过程、功率因数校正原理、输入电流谐波抑制方法等进行了详细分析,针对普通单开关APFC电路功率因数并不高的问题,着重研究了谐波注入技术,并且论证了单周期控制策略的实用性,为多开关控制方法提供了依据;其次分析了双开关的工作过程,讨论了占空比的变化对这种电路的影响,提出了改进方法,并建立了数学模型,利用Saber软件进行仿真研究,验证了理论分析的正确性,设计了基于DSP的数字控制电路;然后,通过实验样机验证了以上两种电路的可行性,实验表明,本文研究的两种电路都能有效抑制谐波畸变。最后,对本课题研究作了总结和展望。
The power network is polluted by harmonic current from the traditional AC/DC converter. AC/DC converter is most widely used in electronic devices. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution of power supply and improve the power factor, more power factor correction technology is used. At present, the single-phase power factor correction(PFC)is already developed, but the three-phase active power factor correction (APFC)is still in the stage of developing.
This thesis presents a new control model of three-phase APFC circuit, which based on the model of One-Cycle-Control and has an advantage of low cost and high performance. Further more, this thesis presents a novel dual-transistor three-phase power factor correction circuit. Single-Switch boost type Harmonic Injection APFC circuit and Dual-Switch boost type One-Cycle-Control. APFC circuit have the merits of high control precision, simple circuit structure.
The merits of digital control include simple hardware, flexible control and easy to realize advanced arithmetic etc. In the current it is popular to use digital control in APFC circuit. One-Cycle-Control algorithms and multiple-loop Control algorithms can be implemented in APFC circuit by digital signal processors (DSP).
At first, this thesis introduces the classification and the virtues and defects of correction technology for active power factor correction. After introducing the operating principle of One-Cycle-Controlled three-phase single-switch Boost rectifier, the reason why the proposed circuit can reduce the input line current total-harmonic-distortion(THD), improving the power-factor and characteristics of the whole system is also given. The advanced dual-switch circuit is proved and introduced the influence of the duty cycle control. Then, Saber is the popular simulation software and used to simulate the propose circuit. Based on the simulation waveforms, an experimental installation is given. Finally, the experimental waveforms and results are given.
引文
[1]路秋生编著.功率因数校正技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[2]应建平,陆冰,曾剑鸿.高效三相准单级PFCDC/DC变换器.电力电子技术,第36卷第3期, 2002年6月.
[3]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华编著.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004.
[4]粟时平,刘桂英.三相有源高功率因数变流技术综述,电工技术, No.1, 2001: 4-6.
[5]徐德鸿, 21世纪电力电子技术的机遇与挑战,电工技术杂志, 2002年第10期1-4.
[6]刘胜利编著,严仰光审校,现代高频开关电源实用技术,北京:电子工业出版社, 2000.
[7]丁道宏主编,电力电子技术(修订版)北京:航空工业出版社, 1999.
[8]李爱文,张承慧编著,现代逆变技术及其应用,北京:科学出版社, 2000.
[9]于相旭,候振程.三相功率因数校正技术综述.电工技术杂志, No.3, 2000, pp.1-3.
[10]徐德鸿.三相高功率因数整流器的发展与现状[C],第十三届中国国际电源新技术研讨会论文集.昆明, 1994: 126-133.
[11]赵良炳.近十年我国电力电子领域的新进展及未来主要研究课题.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集: 9-18.
[12] Roberto Martinez, Prasad N Enjeti A High-Performance Single-phase Rectifier with Input Power Factor Correction [J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, March 1996,11(2):311-317.
[13] Chien Ming Wang ZCS-PWM Boost filter with High Power Factor and Low Conduction Losses [J]. IEEE Trans, Feb, 2004,40(2):650-660.
[14] KSmedly and S Cuk One-cycle Control of Switching Converters [J], IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, Oct 1995, 10(6):625-633.
[15] Min Dong K, et al. Direct digital current control of a three–phase PWM converter base on a new control model with a delay and SVPWM effects. IEEE IECON, 1998, 2:774~779.
[16]杨根元等,带有逐流电路的高性能电子镇流器的理论与分析.中国照明电器,第六期, 1993年.
[17]张卫平等编著,绿色电源——现代电能变换技术及其应用,北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[18]朱方明,余建刚,有源功率因数校正技术原理及应用,现代电子技术, 2000年第10期: 40-42.
[19]潘飞蹊,陈星弼.高功率因数Boost变换器电流滞环控制的一种简单实现方案.电子学报,第8期, 2004年8月.
[20] Thomas G. Habetler. Power electronic converters and system control[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, June 2001, vol.89, No.6, 913-925.
[21] Keyue M Smedley. One-cycle control of switching converters. 22nd Annual IEEE PESC, 1991, 888~896.
[22] Jinrong Qian;Lee,F. C,Charge pump power-factor-correction technologies partI:Concept and principle.IEEE trans-actions on power electronics, 2000, 15(1):121-129.
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理和设计,北京:电子工业出版社, 1998, 273- 290.
[24]胡宗波,张波,邓卫华.基于切换线性系统理论的DC-DC变换器控制系统性和能达性[J].中国机电工程学报, 2004, 24(2): 165-170.
[25] Liyu Yang, Bing Lu, Wei Dong, Zhiguo Lu, Ming Xu, F. C. Lee and W. G. Odendaal. Modeling and Characterization of a 1 KW CCM PFC Converter for Conducted EMI Prediction.
[26] Katsunori Taniguchi, Yukio Nakaya. Analysis and Improvement of Input Current Waveform for Discontinuous Mode Boost Converter with Unity Power Factor[C].Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference, Nagaoka, 1997(1): 399-404.
[27]王玉峰,肖永江,单相Boost功率因数校正主电路模型建立,电气传动自动化, Vol.24, No.1, Feb. 2002: 34-36.
[28]朱士海,吴卫民,钱照明.一种新型高性能功率因数校正整流电路.电工电能新技术, 2003年第22卷第2期: 68-71.
[29]张祖正,谢运祥,高静巧.一种新颖的高功率因数AC/DC变换器.电工技术杂志, 2004年第12期.
[30]张万峰,阮立飞等,基于Boost电路功率因数调节器的设计,上海交通岛学学报, Vol.35, No.8, Aug, 2001: 1238-1241.
[31]苗海亮,雷淮刚,陈辉,龚幼民.变频空调中功率因数校正的控制电路设计,上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2003年4月,第9卷第2期.
[32] Orabi, T. Ninomiya, C. lin, "New practical issue for power factor correction converter stability, " EunoPES02, pp. 340-345.
[33] H. Mao.F. C. Lee, D.Boroyevich, and S. Hiti, Review of high performance three-phase power factor correction circuit, IEEE Trans. Ind Electron.vol. 44, pp. 437 446, Aug. 1997.
[34] Mao Hengchun, Lee F Coroyevich D, et al. Review of High-performance Three-phase Power factor Correction Circuits[J].IEEE Trans. ondus. Electr. 1997, 44 (4):437-445.
[35]王荣,吕清,朱忠尼.三相整流器功率因数校正电路的现状与发展.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集: 19-26.
[36]杨成林,陈敏,徐德鸿.三相功率因数校正技术的综述.第十五届全国电源技术年会论文集: 221~231.
[37]高奇峰,三电平三相单级性功率因数校正电路研究(硕士论文), 2004.
[38]邓卫华,胡宗波,张波.三相功率因数校正拓扑结构及软开关技术.电力电子技术,第35卷第3期, 2001年6月.
[39] Manjing Xie, Digital Control for Power Factor Correction[Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of them for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering], Center for Power Electronics System(CPES) at Viginia Tech, 2003.
[40]李春燕,基于DSP的电源数字控制研究[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航大大学, 2004.
[41]蒋志宏,黄立培,孙晓东,郭宇婕.基于DSP的DC/DC Boost PFC模块的并联交错控制研究.电工电能新技术, 2004年第23卷第2期: 27-30.
[42] Y. Jang and M. M. Jovanovic, A comparative study of single-switch three-phase high-power-factor rectifiers, IEEE Trans. Ind. Application., vol. 34, pp. 1327 1334, Nov./Dec. 1998.
[43]陆治国.电源的计算机仿真技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001年.
[44] Jindong Zhang, Jianwen Shao,Xu Peng. Evaluation of input current in the critical mode boost PFC converter for distributed power systems. IEEE APEC [C]. USA, 2001. Vol. 1: 130-136.
[45]杨旭,王兆安.开关电路拓扑的分析和推演.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集: 1-4.
[46]曹建安,裴云庆,王兆安, Boost PFC电路中开关器件的损耗分析与计算,电工电能新技术, Vol, 21. No.1, Jan. 2002: 41-42.
[47]胡寿松主编,自动控制原理(第3版),北京:国防工业出版社, 1994.
[48]刘和平,严利平,张学锋,卓清锋编著, TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学, 2002.
[49] Domingos S. L. Simonetti, Jose Luiz F. Vieira, Gilberto C. D. Sousa, Modeling of the High-Power-Factor Discontinuous Boost Rectifiers. IEEE Trans.On industrial Electronics, Vol.46, No. 4, August 1999: 778-795.
[50] Jaehong Hahn, Student Member, IEEE, Prasad N. Enjeti, Fellow, IEEE, and lia J. Pitel, Fellow, IEEE. A New Three-Phase Power-Factor Correction (PFC) Scheme Using Two Single-Phase PFC Modules. IEEE Transactions on industry applications. Vol.8.NO.1. January/February 2002.
[51] Po-Wa Lee, Yim-Shu Lee, D avid K. W. Cheng, Xiu-Cheng Liu. Steady-State Analysis of an Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors. IEEE Tran. On Industrial Electronics, Vol.47, No.4, August 2000: 787-799.
[52] F. C. Lee, Analysis and design of power factor correction circuits, presented at the Power Systems World Int. Conf, Professional Advancement Course, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 1996.
[53]陈永春.从Matlab/Simulink模型到代码实现.清华大学出版社, 2002年10月.
[2]应建平,陆冰,曾剑鸿.高效三相准单级PFCDC/DC变换器.电力电子技术,第36卷第3期, 2002年6月.
[3]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华编著.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004.
[4]粟时平,刘桂英.三相有源高功率因数变流技术综述,电工技术, No.1, 2001: 4-6.
[5]徐德鸿, 21世纪电力电子技术的机遇与挑战,电工技术杂志, 2002年第10期1-4.
[6]刘胜利编著,严仰光审校,现代高频开关电源实用技术,北京:电子工业出版社, 2000.
[7]丁道宏主编,电力电子技术(修订版)北京:航空工业出版社, 1999.
[8]李爱文,张承慧编著,现代逆变技术及其应用,北京:科学出版社, 2000.
[9]于相旭,候振程.三相功率因数校正技术综述.电工技术杂志, No.3, 2000, pp.1-3.
[10]徐德鸿.三相高功率因数整流器的发展与现状[C],第十三届中国国际电源新技术研讨会论文集.昆明, 1994: 126-133.
[11]赵良炳.近十年我国电力电子领域的新进展及未来主要研究课题.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集: 9-18.
[12] Roberto Martinez, Prasad N Enjeti A High-Performance Single-phase Rectifier with Input Power Factor Correction [J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, March 1996,11(2):311-317.
[13] Chien Ming Wang ZCS-PWM Boost filter with High Power Factor and Low Conduction Losses [J]. IEEE Trans, Feb, 2004,40(2):650-660.
[14] KSmedly and S Cuk One-cycle Control of Switching Converters [J], IEEE Trans On Power Electronics, Oct 1995, 10(6):625-633.
[15] Min Dong K, et al. Direct digital current control of a three–phase PWM converter base on a new control model with a delay and SVPWM effects. IEEE IECON, 1998, 2:774~779.
[16]杨根元等,带有逐流电路的高性能电子镇流器的理论与分析.中国照明电器,第六期, 1993年.
[17]张卫平等编著,绿色电源——现代电能变换技术及其应用,北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[18]朱方明,余建刚,有源功率因数校正技术原理及应用,现代电子技术, 2000年第10期: 40-42.
[19]潘飞蹊,陈星弼.高功率因数Boost变换器电流滞环控制的一种简单实现方案.电子学报,第8期, 2004年8月.
[20] Thomas G. Habetler. Power electronic converters and system control[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, June 2001, vol.89, No.6, 913-925.
[21] Keyue M Smedley. One-cycle control of switching converters. 22nd Annual IEEE PESC, 1991, 888~896.
[22] Jinrong Qian;Lee,F. C,Charge pump power-factor-correction technologies partI:Concept and principle.IEEE trans-actions on power electronics, 2000, 15(1):121-129.
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理和设计,北京:电子工业出版社, 1998, 273- 290.
[24]胡宗波,张波,邓卫华.基于切换线性系统理论的DC-DC变换器控制系统性和能达性[J].中国机电工程学报, 2004, 24(2): 165-170.
[25] Liyu Yang, Bing Lu, Wei Dong, Zhiguo Lu, Ming Xu, F. C. Lee and W. G. Odendaal. Modeling and Characterization of a 1 KW CCM PFC Converter for Conducted EMI Prediction.
[26] Katsunori Taniguchi, Yukio Nakaya. Analysis and Improvement of Input Current Waveform for Discontinuous Mode Boost Converter with Unity Power Factor[C].Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference, Nagaoka, 1997(1): 399-404.
[27]王玉峰,肖永江,单相Boost功率因数校正主电路模型建立,电气传动自动化, Vol.24, No.1, Feb. 2002: 34-36.
[28]朱士海,吴卫民,钱照明.一种新型高性能功率因数校正整流电路.电工电能新技术, 2003年第22卷第2期: 68-71.
[29]张祖正,谢运祥,高静巧.一种新颖的高功率因数AC/DC变换器.电工技术杂志, 2004年第12期.
[30]张万峰,阮立飞等,基于Boost电路功率因数调节器的设计,上海交通岛学学报, Vol.35, No.8, Aug, 2001: 1238-1241.
[31]苗海亮,雷淮刚,陈辉,龚幼民.变频空调中功率因数校正的控制电路设计,上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2003年4月,第9卷第2期.
[32] Orabi, T. Ninomiya, C. lin, "New practical issue for power factor correction converter stability, " EunoPES02, pp. 340-345.
[33] H. Mao.F. C. Lee, D.Boroyevich, and S. Hiti, Review of high performance three-phase power factor correction circuit, IEEE Trans. Ind Electron.vol. 44, pp. 437 446, Aug. 1997.
[34] Mao Hengchun, Lee F Coroyevich D, et al. Review of High-performance Three-phase Power factor Correction Circuits[J].IEEE Trans. ondus. Electr. 1997, 44 (4):437-445.
[35]王荣,吕清,朱忠尼.三相整流器功率因数校正电路的现状与发展.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集: 19-26.
[36]杨成林,陈敏,徐德鸿.三相功率因数校正技术的综述.第十五届全国电源技术年会论文集: 221~231.
[37]高奇峰,三电平三相单级性功率因数校正电路研究(硕士论文), 2004.
[38]邓卫华,胡宗波,张波.三相功率因数校正拓扑结构及软开关技术.电力电子技术,第35卷第3期, 2001年6月.
[39] Manjing Xie, Digital Control for Power Factor Correction[Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of them for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering], Center for Power Electronics System(CPES) at Viginia Tech, 2003.
[40]李春燕,基于DSP的电源数字控制研究[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航大大学, 2004.
[41]蒋志宏,黄立培,孙晓东,郭宇婕.基于DSP的DC/DC Boost PFC模块的并联交错控制研究.电工电能新技术, 2004年第23卷第2期: 27-30.
[42] Y. Jang and M. M. Jovanovic, A comparative study of single-switch three-phase high-power-factor rectifiers, IEEE Trans. Ind. Application., vol. 34, pp. 1327 1334, Nov./Dec. 1998.
[43]陆治国.电源的计算机仿真技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001年.
[44] Jindong Zhang, Jianwen Shao,Xu Peng. Evaluation of input current in the critical mode boost PFC converter for distributed power systems. IEEE APEC [C]. USA, 2001. Vol. 1: 130-136.
[45]杨旭,王兆安.开关电路拓扑的分析和推演.第十四届全国电源技术年会论文集: 1-4.
[46]曹建安,裴云庆,王兆安, Boost PFC电路中开关器件的损耗分析与计算,电工电能新技术, Vol, 21. No.1, Jan. 2002: 41-42.
[47]胡寿松主编,自动控制原理(第3版),北京:国防工业出版社, 1994.
[48]刘和平,严利平,张学锋,卓清锋编著, TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学, 2002.
[49] Domingos S. L. Simonetti, Jose Luiz F. Vieira, Gilberto C. D. Sousa, Modeling of the High-Power-Factor Discontinuous Boost Rectifiers. IEEE Trans.On industrial Electronics, Vol.46, No. 4, August 1999: 778-795.
[50] Jaehong Hahn, Student Member, IEEE, Prasad N. Enjeti, Fellow, IEEE, and lia J. Pitel, Fellow, IEEE. A New Three-Phase Power-Factor Correction (PFC) Scheme Using Two Single-Phase PFC Modules. IEEE Transactions on industry applications. Vol.8.NO.1. January/February 2002.
[51] Po-Wa Lee, Yim-Shu Lee, D avid K. W. Cheng, Xiu-Cheng Liu. Steady-State Analysis of an Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors. IEEE Tran. On Industrial Electronics, Vol.47, No.4, August 2000: 787-799.
[52] F. C. Lee, Analysis and design of power factor correction circuits, presented at the Power Systems World Int. Conf, Professional Advancement Course, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 1996.
[53]陈永春.从Matlab/Simulink模型到代码实现.清华大学出版社, 2002年10月.