爆破振动信号时频分析与爆破振动特征参量和危害预测研究
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摘要
爆破振动信号时频分析是研究爆破振动危害控制的基础，爆破振动特征参量预测和危害预测是控制爆破振动危害的前提。
本文以作者近年负责和参与的多个爆破安全项目作为工程依托，在大量爆破振动观测数据的基础上，应用时频分析理论技术、粗糙集理论和模糊神经网络理论，在比较各种类型的时频变换的基础上，选择了适合爆破振动信号分析的二次型时频变换；利用选择的变换分析了不同条件下爆破振动信号的时频特征；采用粗糙集模糊神经网络建，立了爆破振动预测模型；利用建立的模型预测了铜绿山矿露天采场爆破振动的特征参量，建立了综合考虑爆破振动幅值、主频率、主频率持续时间以及结构动力特性等因素的铜绿山矿露天采场周围民房破坏程度的预测模型。
对照国内外爆破振动信号分析和预测相关研究，取得了如下创新性研究成果：
(1)通过对各种类型的时频变换处理爆破振动信号进行比较，得出二次型时频变换是一种更加直观、合理、时频分辨率更高的信号时频表示方法，该方法在爆破振动信号处理方面的应用，可以使研究人员获得更详细、更精确的爆破振动信息；选择了重排平滑伪wigner-Ville分布作为爆破振动信号分析的二次型时频变换。
(2)首次采用重排平滑伪Wigner—Ville分布对不同条件下的爆破振动信号进行了分析，揭示了不同条件下爆破振动信号的时频特征。得出了单段和多段爆破振动信号都具有多主频特征，信号最大幅值对应多个频率，信号的主频率应是最大能量密度对应的频率，主频率在时域内一般有较长的持续时间的结论。
(3)首次应用基于粗糙集的模糊神经网络实现了爆破振动特征参量(峰值质点振动速度、主频率和主频率持续时间)的预测。
(4)首次应用基于粗糙集的神经网络实现了综合考虑爆破振动幅值、主频率、主频率持续时间以及民房结构动力特性等因素的对民房破坏程度预测。
(5)首次应用粗糙集理论对爆破振动特征参量的影响因素和民房破坏程度的影响因素进行了敏感性分析。
Blasting vibration analysis is the foundation of studying the control of blasting vibration damage and the prediction of blasting vibration characteristic parameters and damage are premises of blasting vibration damage.
This paper relies on several basting safety research and a great deal of blasting vibration monitoring data and time and frequency technique and rough set and FNN theory. The paper chooses a suitable quadratic type of transformation on the basis of comparison of different types of time and frequency transformation and analyze the time and frequency characters of blasting vibration data under different conditions using the chosen transformation. The paper also establishes a blasting vibrationprediction model using rough set and FNN theory and forecasts the blasting vibration characteristic parameters of Tonglushan Open-pit Mine. Finally, the paper also establishes a broken degree model of farmer's house around Tonglushan Open-pit Mine induced by blasting vibration taking into account of PPV and dominant frequency and dominant frequency duration and the structure dynamic characteristic.
Comparing the correlation research, some innovative achievements are summarized as follows:
(1)By comparing the processing of blasting vibration data using different types of time and frequency transformation, the paper draws a conclusion that the quadratic type of time and frequency transformation is a more straight and more reasonable and higher resolving rate transformation and the researcher can get more detailed and more accurate information when using the method processing the blasting vibration signals. The paper selects the Reassigned Smoothing Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (RSPWVD) as the transformation processing the blasting vibration signals.
(2)For the first time, the time and frequency characters of blasting vibration signals under different conditions are revealed via RSPWVD. Also, the paper draws the conclusions that the blasting vibration signals have multi-dominant frequency band characteristic whether it is simultaneous or delay blasting vibration signal and the signal peak amplitude has multi-frequency and the frequency that the highest energy density corresponds is the dominant frequency band and the dominant frequency band has a long duration in time domain.
(3)For the first time, the prediction of the PPV and first dominant frequency band and its duration are achieved on the basis of rough set and FNN theory.
(4)For the first time, the prediction of the broken degree of farmer's house induced by blasting vibration taking into account of PPV and dominant frequency and dominant frequency duration and the structure dynamic characteristic are achieved on the basis of rough set and NN theory.
(5)For the first time, the sensitivity analysis of affecting factors of blasting vibration characteristic parameters and the broken degree of farmer's house are achieved on the basis of rough set theory.
本文以作者近年负责和参与的多个爆破安全项目作为工程依托，在大量爆破振动观测数据的基础上，应用时频分析理论技术、粗糙集理论和模糊神经网络理论，在比较各种类型的时频变换的基础上，选择了适合爆破振动信号分析的二次型时频变换；利用选择的变换分析了不同条件下爆破振动信号的时频特征；采用粗糙集模糊神经网络建，立了爆破振动预测模型；利用建立的模型预测了铜绿山矿露天采场爆破振动的特征参量，建立了综合考虑爆破振动幅值、主频率、主频率持续时间以及结构动力特性等因素的铜绿山矿露天采场周围民房破坏程度的预测模型。
对照国内外爆破振动信号分析和预测相关研究，取得了如下创新性研究成果：
(1)通过对各种类型的时频变换处理爆破振动信号进行比较，得出二次型时频变换是一种更加直观、合理、时频分辨率更高的信号时频表示方法，该方法在爆破振动信号处理方面的应用，可以使研究人员获得更详细、更精确的爆破振动信息；选择了重排平滑伪wigner-Ville分布作为爆破振动信号分析的二次型时频变换。
(2)首次采用重排平滑伪Wigner—Ville分布对不同条件下的爆破振动信号进行了分析，揭示了不同条件下爆破振动信号的时频特征。得出了单段和多段爆破振动信号都具有多主频特征，信号最大幅值对应多个频率，信号的主频率应是最大能量密度对应的频率，主频率在时域内一般有较长的持续时间的结论。
(3)首次应用基于粗糙集的模糊神经网络实现了爆破振动特征参量(峰值质点振动速度、主频率和主频率持续时间)的预测。
(4)首次应用基于粗糙集的神经网络实现了综合考虑爆破振动幅值、主频率、主频率持续时间以及民房结构动力特性等因素的对民房破坏程度预测。
(5)首次应用粗糙集理论对爆破振动特征参量的影响因素和民房破坏程度的影响因素进行了敏感性分析。
Blasting vibration analysis is the foundation of studying the control of blasting vibration damage and the prediction of blasting vibration characteristic parameters and damage are premises of blasting vibration damage.
This paper relies on several basting safety research and a great deal of blasting vibration monitoring data and time and frequency technique and rough set and FNN theory. The paper chooses a suitable quadratic type of transformation on the basis of comparison of different types of time and frequency transformation and analyze the time and frequency characters of blasting vibration data under different conditions using the chosen transformation. The paper also establishes a blasting vibrationprediction model using rough set and FNN theory and forecasts the blasting vibration characteristic parameters of Tonglushan Open-pit Mine. Finally, the paper also establishes a broken degree model of farmer's house around Tonglushan Open-pit Mine induced by blasting vibration taking into account of PPV and dominant frequency and dominant frequency duration and the structure dynamic characteristic.
Comparing the correlation research, some innovative achievements are summarized as follows:
(1)By comparing the processing of blasting vibration data using different types of time and frequency transformation, the paper draws a conclusion that the quadratic type of time and frequency transformation is a more straight and more reasonable and higher resolving rate transformation and the researcher can get more detailed and more accurate information when using the method processing the blasting vibration signals. The paper selects the Reassigned Smoothing Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (RSPWVD) as the transformation processing the blasting vibration signals.
(2)For the first time, the time and frequency characters of blasting vibration signals under different conditions are revealed via RSPWVD. Also, the paper draws the conclusions that the blasting vibration signals have multi-dominant frequency band characteristic whether it is simultaneous or delay blasting vibration signal and the signal peak amplitude has multi-frequency and the frequency that the highest energy density corresponds is the dominant frequency band and the dominant frequency band has a long duration in time domain.
(3)For the first time, the prediction of the PPV and first dominant frequency band and its duration are achieved on the basis of rough set and FNN theory.
(4)For the first time, the prediction of the broken degree of farmer's house induced by blasting vibration taking into account of PPV and dominant frequency and dominant frequency duration and the structure dynamic characteristic are achieved on the basis of rough set and NN theory.
(5)For the first time, the sensitivity analysis of affecting factors of blasting vibration characteristic parameters and the broken degree of farmer's house are achieved on the basis of rough set theory.
引文
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