GIS和RS支持下的珠江口景观格局变化研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,珠江口两岸充分利用毗邻香港、澳门的区位优势和深圳、珠海经济特区的政策优势,迅速发展为中国东南沿海经济发展最为活跃的地带。在高强度的土地利用和城市扩展的影响下,珠江口两岸自然生态系统受到严重破坏,原生植被已破坏殆尽,耕地资源大量减少。本文借助遥感和GIS技术研究珠江口景观格局,对比珠江口东西两岸的景观格局差异。利用2003年的SPOT5数据、1:10000和1:50000地形图、收集的相关资料以及对该区的实地考察,通过对遥感影像进行一系列的数据处理,提取研究区的景观类型信息。结合1995年和2000年两期土地利用数据,通过计算不同层次上的景观指数,对研究区的景观格局特征进行定量分析,得出以下结论:
①对所选的SPOT5数据进行正射校正,然后进行数据融合试验,在对比了HIS变换、Brovey融合、主成分分析法、Gram-schmidt变换法以及PANSHARP融合法效果之后,最后选用PANSHARP融合法对SPOT5的多光谱波段和高分辨率波段进行数据融合处理。
②在景观类型信息提取的过程中,利用不同地物在遥感影像上成像特征的差异,利用人机交互法提取类型信息,并结合实地考察结果和往年数据对提取数据进行修改。
③以景观生态学原理为指导,在景观分析软件FRAGSTATS和GIS技术的支持下,对研究区多期数据进行多层次景观指数计算,分析研究区景观格局特征和变化,对比研究区东西两岸的景观格局特征差异。研究结果表明,从1995年至2003年,研究区斑块形状、多样性、破碎化程度等,有不同程度的变化,主要驱动力为人为影响;研究区东西两岸的景观格局特征差异较大,基底、主要景观类型、斑块形状、破碎度等也都存在较大差异。
Since the opening and reformation, by making full use of the position advantage and policy advantage, the two sides of the Pearl River Estuary has been rapidly developed to be the most active economy development zones in southeast coastal region of China. While high intensity land exploitation and fast expansion of urban area, resulted in cultivated land decreased and natural ecosystem and original vegetation seriously affected and menaced. In this article, we applied the remote sensing and GIS to analyze the landscape pattern of the study area and a comparison study on different landscape characteristics between the two sides of study area was performed. The materials we used include images of SPOT5, scale of 1:10000 and 1:50000 topographic maps, pertinent data and data of field investigation. By a series of data processing to remote sensing images, we extracted the landscape class information of study area. By using the land use data in 1995, 2000, 2003 and calculating different landscape indices and analyzing the landscape patterns quantificationally, conclusions as follow:
①We chose the software of PCI to orthophoto correction the Spot digital images, then discussed the image fusion of SPOT5 multi-spectral bands and panchromatic band. By comparing HIS transform, Brovey transform, PCA transform, Gram-schmidt transform and Pansharp transform, Pansharp transform was chose as the suitable method.
②In the process of extracting landscape class information, based on different characteristics of different land use types in images, man-computer interactive interpretation method was used to classify the fusion images and check the classification result by compare it to the land use data in 1995, 2000 and data of field investigation.
③Based on landscape ecology principle, GIS technology and the software FRAGSTATS, the landscape indices of the Pearl River Estuary was calculated. We analyzed the characteristics and variation of landscape pattern and the differences between the two sides of study area. The result show that the patch shape, landscape diversity and the fragmentation of study area have changed in different extent and the landscape matrix, main landscape types, fragmentation between the west and east sides are different. The main driving force is the artificial disturbance.
①对所选的SPOT5数据进行正射校正,然后进行数据融合试验,在对比了HIS变换、Brovey融合、主成分分析法、Gram-schmidt变换法以及PANSHARP融合法效果之后,最后选用PANSHARP融合法对SPOT5的多光谱波段和高分辨率波段进行数据融合处理。
②在景观类型信息提取的过程中,利用不同地物在遥感影像上成像特征的差异,利用人机交互法提取类型信息,并结合实地考察结果和往年数据对提取数据进行修改。
③以景观生态学原理为指导,在景观分析软件FRAGSTATS和GIS技术的支持下,对研究区多期数据进行多层次景观指数计算,分析研究区景观格局特征和变化,对比研究区东西两岸的景观格局特征差异。研究结果表明,从1995年至2003年,研究区斑块形状、多样性、破碎化程度等,有不同程度的变化,主要驱动力为人为影响;研究区东西两岸的景观格局特征差异较大,基底、主要景观类型、斑块形状、破碎度等也都存在较大差异。
Since the opening and reformation, by making full use of the position advantage and policy advantage, the two sides of the Pearl River Estuary has been rapidly developed to be the most active economy development zones in southeast coastal region of China. While high intensity land exploitation and fast expansion of urban area, resulted in cultivated land decreased and natural ecosystem and original vegetation seriously affected and menaced. In this article, we applied the remote sensing and GIS to analyze the landscape pattern of the study area and a comparison study on different landscape characteristics between the two sides of study area was performed. The materials we used include images of SPOT5, scale of 1:10000 and 1:50000 topographic maps, pertinent data and data of field investigation. By a series of data processing to remote sensing images, we extracted the landscape class information of study area. By using the land use data in 1995, 2000, 2003 and calculating different landscape indices and analyzing the landscape patterns quantificationally, conclusions as follow:
①We chose the software of PCI to orthophoto correction the Spot digital images, then discussed the image fusion of SPOT5 multi-spectral bands and panchromatic band. By comparing HIS transform, Brovey transform, PCA transform, Gram-schmidt transform and Pansharp transform, Pansharp transform was chose as the suitable method.
②In the process of extracting landscape class information, based on different characteristics of different land use types in images, man-computer interactive interpretation method was used to classify the fusion images and check the classification result by compare it to the land use data in 1995, 2000 and data of field investigation.
③Based on landscape ecology principle, GIS technology and the software FRAGSTATS, the landscape indices of the Pearl River Estuary was calculated. We analyzed the characteristics and variation of landscape pattern and the differences between the two sides of study area. The result show that the patch shape, landscape diversity and the fragmentation of study area have changed in different extent and the landscape matrix, main landscape types, fragmentation between the west and east sides are different. The main driving force is the artificial disturbance.
引文
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[12]高群,姚永慧,周成虎等,Spot-5遥感数据在北方农牧交错带景观结构特征研究中的应用——以河北省沽源县为例[J],资源科学,2004,26(6):9-16.
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[16]元兴兰,刘健,余坤勇等,基于RS与GIS的闽江流域森林景观格局分析[J],福建林学院学报,2006,26(1):36-40.
[17]韩文权,常禹,胡远满,景观格局优化研究进展[J],生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1487-1492.
[18]邬建国,景观生态学中的十大研究论题[J],生态学报,2004,24(9):2074-2076.
[19]布仁仓,胡远满,常禹等,景观指数之间的相关分析[J],生态学报,2005,25(10):2764-2775.
[20]彭建,王仰麟,张源等,土地利用分类对景观格局指数的影响[J],地理学报,2006,61(2):157-168.
[21]黎夏,珠江三角洲发展走廊1988～1997年土地利用变化特征的空间分析[J],自然资源学报,2004,19(3):307-315.
[22]刘凯,黎夏,王树功等,珠江口近20年红树林湿地的遥感动态监测[J],热带地理,2005,25(2):111-116.
[23]张洪岩,王钦敏,鲁学军等,地学信息图谱方法前瞻[J],地球科学进展,2004,19(6):997-1001.
[24]曹建君,苗天宝等,SPOT5卫星影像在退耕精确监测中的应用研究[J],遥感技术与应用,2004,19(5):312-314.
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