生物质（秸秆）成型燃料燃烧动力学特性及液压秸秆成型机改进设计研究
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摘要
本研究是结合省科技厅攻关项目“秸秆生物质成型关键技术及配套设备产业化技术研究”进行的。通过对“生物质成型机(以下简称BBP)的进展”、“液压秸秆成型机主要设计参数”、“秸秆成型燃料燃烧动力学特性”、“液压秸秆成型机的改进设计”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧装置技术方案和应用”等方面的系统研究，获取了一系列关于生物质成型方面的相关数据和规律性认识，为我国在生物质成型技术领域的研究开发和应用进行了有益的探索。主要研究成果有：
1 查阅了大量国内外相关资料，对以下内容进行了详细而系统的文献综合研究。①压缩理论的研究概况；②影响生物质成型过程的影响因素；③生物质成型的机理；④生物质成型的工艺类型；⑤现有生物质成型技术及研究现状；⑥现有生物质成型技术存在的问题。并对各种压缩设备进行了比较研究，认为中国河南农业大学研究的HPB-Ⅰ型BBP的双向液压压缩设计思路是可取的。
2 以HPB-Ⅰ型BBP为试验装置，通过对成型部件参数的改变，找出影响HPB系列BBP生产率和单位能耗的重要因素，并对试验数据回归，找出了它们之间的规律，为设计不同规模HPB系列BBP相关参数的选择提供了依据。
3 利用热分析技术，采用动态热重实验法，对我国的三大农作物秸秆在不同升温速率下的燃烧动力学特性进行了较系统的研究。得到了各原料在不同升温速率下的动力学参数；建立了秸秆燃烧的动力学模型，该模型反映了秸秆迅速燃烧区的动力学过程。
4 对秸秆成型燃料的燃烧特性进行了试验研究。着重研究了秸秆
河南农业大学博士学位论文 巫
的种类、温度、空气供给量、成型燃料密度、直径、质量对成型燃料
燃烧速度的影响并得出如下主要结论：①秸秆成型燃料的燃烧方式属
于静态渗透式扩散燃烧。②秸秆成型燃料燃烧速度受温度的影响大于
通风量燃烧速度的影响：燃烧温度越高，挥发分析出速度越快，燃烧
平稳性愈差。③成型燃料密度影响成型燃料挥发分的析出速度，影响
燃烧速度。④成型燃料直径和质量的增加，使得燃烧初期的平均燃烧
速度增大，中后期的平均燃烧速度相对平稳。⑤秸秆成型燃料含挥发
分比例高，因此合理配风下的控温燃烧是保证其完全燃烧的关键。
5运用已取得的试验和理论分析结果，以液压驱动、双向成型为基
础，从产业化的角度对HBP型成型机进行了液压系统和成型部件的改
进设计；同时采用了二级预压机构，使该成型机的生产率达到
500kg．hd；单位能耗 60kwh．上‘左右，磨损件修复周期 300小时左右，
基本解决了影响生物质固化技术在国内推广的技术难题。
6对秸秆成型燃料燃烧待性进行试验研究后，又设计出一小型热水
锅炉，对不同直径的成型燃料的燃烧性能进行了燃烧试验。对燃料直
径、炉膛大小、燃烧效果之间的关系进一步作了研究，为确定合理的
成型设备生产率及高效配套燃烧设备设计提供了科学和实用的参考依
据。
本文是以解决我国秸秆成型燃料推广中的技术问题，设计一种合
乎国情，又有应用价值的成型机为目的的研究论文，着力点放在基础
研究上，因为这是国内外多年来在固化研究上的缺陷。因此论文的许
多试验研究在国内外都找不到借鉴，难免在方法上有不当之处，但取
得的结果对成型机的改进设计，燃烧设备设计起到有效指导作用。研
究期间设计的成型机己在洛阳试点运行，受到了政府和农民的欢迎。
The research is linked with the Provincial Department of Science and Technology Research Project "Research of Key Technology ofBiomass Enqueuing and Relative Equipment Industrialization Technology". Through the systematic study of "volvement of biomass briquetting press (hereinafter refers to BBP)", "major design parameter of hydraulic straw briquetting press", "kinetic characteristics of straw and briquettes combustion", "improvement design of hydraulic BBP", "technology of biomass briquette combustion equipment and its application", data related to biomass briquetting have been achieved, and the rules concluded.The major achievements are:
1 After reading a large amount of technical materials, the author made a comprehensive study on the following fields: (1) compression theories; (2) factors that have impact to biomass briquetting process; (3) mechanism of biomass briquetting; (4) technical processes of biomass briquetting; (5) existing technology of biomass briquetting and current situation of research; (6) problems occurred in existing biomass briquetting technologies. Through comparison of various compression equipment, the author believes that the design thought of bi-direction hydraulic compression of the HPB-1 BBP made by Henan Agricultural University is feasible.
2 Using HPB-1 BBP model as experimental device and purposely changing some parameters of the components, the author has found the factors that influence the productivity and energv consumption rate. By regression of experimental data, the
rules of the linkage between these factors, which will provide a theoretical basis for designing BBP with different scales.
3 Using thermal analysis technology and dynamic thermogravimetry, the paper studies combustion kinetic characteristics of 3 types of agricultural crops at different rate of temperature rise, and thus, achieved dynamic parameters of these fuels at different rate of temperature, established dynamic model of straw combustion, which reflects the dynamic process in the fast combustion area.
4 Characteristics of straw briquette combustion was experimented, focusing on the impact of straw type, temperature, air supply, and density, diameter, and weight of briquette on the combustion speed, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) combustion of straw briquette fuel is static permeation diffusion combustion; (2) temperature has a larger impact on the speed of straw briquette combustion than air supply; the higher the combustion temperature is, the faster volatilizable component separates out, and the less steady the combustion is; (3) density of briquette fuel has impact on the speed of volatilizable component separation and therefore the combustion speed; (4) increase of diameter and weight of briquette fuel increases the average combustion speed in the initial stage, and that in the later stages is comparatively steady; (5) the proportion of volatilizable component in straw briquette fuel is high, therefore, the temperature control during combustion under the rational ventilation condition is essential to ensure its safe combustion.
5 Using the above-mentioned results of experiments and theoretical analysis, and based on thought of hydraulic driven and bi-direction compression, the hydraulic system and compression parts of the HBP BBP are re-designed in terms of industrialization. By adopting double-level pre-compression mechanism, the productivity reaches 500 kg.h"1, energy consumption rate reduces to 60 kwh.t",
repairing period of wearing parts is around 300 hours. Thus, the technical problem that obstructs the dissemination of biomass briquetting technology in China is basically resolved.
6 After the experiment and analysis of combustion characteristics of straw briquette fuel, the author designed a new small water boiler and has experimented the combustion performance with briquette fuel of different diameters. The study of relation of fuel
diameter, chamber size, and combustion performance provided the scientific and practical basis to the identification of ration
1 查阅了大量国内外相关资料，对以下内容进行了详细而系统的文献综合研究。①压缩理论的研究概况；②影响生物质成型过程的影响因素；③生物质成型的机理；④生物质成型的工艺类型；⑤现有生物质成型技术及研究现状；⑥现有生物质成型技术存在的问题。并对各种压缩设备进行了比较研究，认为中国河南农业大学研究的HPB-Ⅰ型BBP的双向液压压缩设计思路是可取的。
2 以HPB-Ⅰ型BBP为试验装置，通过对成型部件参数的改变，找出影响HPB系列BBP生产率和单位能耗的重要因素，并对试验数据回归，找出了它们之间的规律，为设计不同规模HPB系列BBP相关参数的选择提供了依据。
3 利用热分析技术，采用动态热重实验法，对我国的三大农作物秸秆在不同升温速率下的燃烧动力学特性进行了较系统的研究。得到了各原料在不同升温速率下的动力学参数；建立了秸秆燃烧的动力学模型，该模型反映了秸秆迅速燃烧区的动力学过程。
4 对秸秆成型燃料的燃烧特性进行了试验研究。着重研究了秸秆
河南农业大学博士学位论文 巫
的种类、温度、空气供给量、成型燃料密度、直径、质量对成型燃料
燃烧速度的影响并得出如下主要结论：①秸秆成型燃料的燃烧方式属
于静态渗透式扩散燃烧。②秸秆成型燃料燃烧速度受温度的影响大于
通风量燃烧速度的影响：燃烧温度越高，挥发分析出速度越快，燃烧
平稳性愈差。③成型燃料密度影响成型燃料挥发分的析出速度，影响
燃烧速度。④成型燃料直径和质量的增加，使得燃烧初期的平均燃烧
速度增大，中后期的平均燃烧速度相对平稳。⑤秸秆成型燃料含挥发
分比例高，因此合理配风下的控温燃烧是保证其完全燃烧的关键。
5运用已取得的试验和理论分析结果，以液压驱动、双向成型为基
础，从产业化的角度对HBP型成型机进行了液压系统和成型部件的改
进设计；同时采用了二级预压机构，使该成型机的生产率达到
500kg．hd；单位能耗 60kwh．上‘左右，磨损件修复周期 300小时左右，
基本解决了影响生物质固化技术在国内推广的技术难题。
6对秸秆成型燃料燃烧待性进行试验研究后，又设计出一小型热水
锅炉，对不同直径的成型燃料的燃烧性能进行了燃烧试验。对燃料直
径、炉膛大小、燃烧效果之间的关系进一步作了研究，为确定合理的
成型设备生产率及高效配套燃烧设备设计提供了科学和实用的参考依
据。
本文是以解决我国秸秆成型燃料推广中的技术问题，设计一种合
乎国情，又有应用价值的成型机为目的的研究论文，着力点放在基础
研究上，因为这是国内外多年来在固化研究上的缺陷。因此论文的许
多试验研究在国内外都找不到借鉴，难免在方法上有不当之处，但取
得的结果对成型机的改进设计，燃烧设备设计起到有效指导作用。研
究期间设计的成型机己在洛阳试点运行，受到了政府和农民的欢迎。
The research is linked with the Provincial Department of Science and Technology Research Project "Research of Key Technology ofBiomass Enqueuing and Relative Equipment Industrialization Technology". Through the systematic study of "volvement of biomass briquetting press (hereinafter refers to BBP)", "major design parameter of hydraulic straw briquetting press", "kinetic characteristics of straw and briquettes combustion", "improvement design of hydraulic BBP", "technology of biomass briquette combustion equipment and its application", data related to biomass briquetting have been achieved, and the rules concluded.The major achievements are:
1 After reading a large amount of technical materials, the author made a comprehensive study on the following fields: (1) compression theories; (2) factors that have impact to biomass briquetting process; (3) mechanism of biomass briquetting; (4) technical processes of biomass briquetting; (5) existing technology of biomass briquetting and current situation of research; (6) problems occurred in existing biomass briquetting technologies. Through comparison of various compression equipment, the author believes that the design thought of bi-direction hydraulic compression of the HPB-1 BBP made by Henan Agricultural University is feasible.
2 Using HPB-1 BBP model as experimental device and purposely changing some parameters of the components, the author has found the factors that influence the productivity and energv consumption rate. By regression of experimental data, the
rules of the linkage between these factors, which will provide a theoretical basis for designing BBP with different scales.
3 Using thermal analysis technology and dynamic thermogravimetry, the paper studies combustion kinetic characteristics of 3 types of agricultural crops at different rate of temperature rise, and thus, achieved dynamic parameters of these fuels at different rate of temperature, established dynamic model of straw combustion, which reflects the dynamic process in the fast combustion area.
4 Characteristics of straw briquette combustion was experimented, focusing on the impact of straw type, temperature, air supply, and density, diameter, and weight of briquette on the combustion speed, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) combustion of straw briquette fuel is static permeation diffusion combustion; (2) temperature has a larger impact on the speed of straw briquette combustion than air supply; the higher the combustion temperature is, the faster volatilizable component separates out, and the less steady the combustion is; (3) density of briquette fuel has impact on the speed of volatilizable component separation and therefore the combustion speed; (4) increase of diameter and weight of briquette fuel increases the average combustion speed in the initial stage, and that in the later stages is comparatively steady; (5) the proportion of volatilizable component in straw briquette fuel is high, therefore, the temperature control during combustion under the rational ventilation condition is essential to ensure its safe combustion.
5 Using the above-mentioned results of experiments and theoretical analysis, and based on thought of hydraulic driven and bi-direction compression, the hydraulic system and compression parts of the HBP BBP are re-designed in terms of industrialization. By adopting double-level pre-compression mechanism, the productivity reaches 500 kg.h"1, energy consumption rate reduces to 60 kwh.t",
repairing period of wearing parts is around 300 hours. Thus, the technical problem that obstructs the dissemination of biomass briquetting technology in China is basically resolved.
6 After the experiment and analysis of combustion characteristics of straw briquette fuel, the author designed a new small water boiler and has experimented the combustion performance with briquette fuel of different diameters. The study of relation of fuel
diameter, chamber size, and combustion performance provided the scientific and practical basis to the identification of ration
引文
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