治理视野下的青少年网瘾问题研究
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摘要
网络在给我们带来了极大的便捷的同时,也引发了许多社会问题,青少年上网成瘾问题尤为得到社会的关注。由于种种原因,网瘾青少年的数量在增加,青少年网瘾带来的社会问题日益突出。此时,政府以及相关的社会主体应积极行动起来,在治理青少年网瘾中发挥作用。本文以治理视野为理论基点,从青少年网瘾的原因、现状,国外应对措施入手,寻求我国治理青少年网瘾的途径。本文主要由以下四部分组成：
首先,网瘾和治理的概念、内容和理论研究可行性。本部分先通过国内外有关网瘾的描述和定义,概括性提出笔者的网瘾定义。其次纵观国内外学者对治理理论的定义,探究治理理论从中国实际出发修正治理理论。最后,界定了治理视野对解决青少年网瘾问题的适用性。
其次,当前我国青少年网瘾现状、成因及负面影响。本部分首先利用已有的统计数据,描绘出我国历年网瘾青少年大致的数量状况,推导出我国网瘾青少年的人数呈逐年递增的趋势。其次,在现状的基础上,基于治理视野,分析其多种成因,以及给个人和社会带来的负面影响。
再次,治理视野下解决我国青少年网瘾问题的途径。本部分先肯定了政府在解决青少年问题上做出了积极努力的基础上,分析我国政府现有政策措施及其不足。其次根据这些不足,参考国际上的成功做法,提出了以下几项解决途径：首先构建多维一体的治理结构体系；其次进行政府直接规范：建立和完善有关法律法规和制度,明确主管部门并加大执法监管力度,成立相关行政事业性单位；最后政府进行间接引导：建立和健全相关行业协会,帮助家庭预防和应对网瘾问题,进一步推进素质教育,引导企业承担社会责任。
最后,治理视野下解决青少年网瘾问题的进一步思考。先指出治理视野下解决青少年网瘾问题的有益启示,肯定治理视野对解决复杂社会问题的优势以及对建设服务型政府的指导意义。后指出治理视野解决青少年网瘾问题可能出现失效情况,分别是治理主体参与治理的“惰”性和治理网络不均衡。
The network has brought us great convenience, at the same time it also caused some social issues, youth internet addiction is particularly concerned by the community. For various reasons, the number of young people with internet addiction is increasing, the social problems caused by youth internet addiction have become prominent issues. At this point, Government and relevant social subjects should play an important role actively in governancing youth internet addiction. Basing on the Governance theory, this paper starts from the reasons, the current situation and the counter measures of youth internet addiction, and try to find out the way to deal with youth internet addiction. This paper consists of four parts:
Firstly, this paper elaborates the concept and the content of internet addiction, governance and the feasibility of theoritical study. This section firstly instructs the description and the definition of internet addiction from home and abroad, and proposes author's definition about Internet addiction in general. Secondly, basing on the definition of governance theory which the schorlars from home and abroad elaborate, this paper try to find out the governing theory which is suitable for the Chinese current situaiton. Finally, this paper demonstrates the feasibility weather the governancing theory suits for working out the problem caused by youth internet addiction.
Secondly, this paper elaborates the current status, the reasons and the negative impacts of youth internet addiction in China. Firstly, this section uses the existing statistical data over the past years, and derivates the trends that the number of Chinese young people with internet addiction will increase year by year. Secondly, basing on the current situation of youth internet addiction in China, this section analyzes the multiple reasons, as well as the negative impacts to individuals and society in the view of governance.
In addition, this paper elaborates the solution of youth internet addiction in the view of governance theory. Firstly, this section confirms the positive efforts which the government makes to solve the youth, and analyzes the counter measures the governments have made,and the existing problems that the current relative policies could not deal with. Secondly, according to these existing problems, referring to the international successful practice, this section proposes the following solution:First aspect, to construct the multi-dimensional governancing system; second aspect,to regular directly by the government:establishing and improving relevant laws,rules and regulations, clearing the function of the relative department and increasing the supervising intensity of those, establishing the relevant administrative units; third aspect, to regulate indirectly by the government:establishing and improving the relevant industry associations, helping families prevent and cope with the addiction problems, furthermore promoting the quality of education, and guiding enterprises to take the social responsibility.
Lastly, this paper tries to solve the youth addiction issues in the view of governance theory. Firstly, this section points out useful insights of how to solve the problems of youth internet addiction in the view of governance, and theory confirms the advantages of using the governance theory to solve the complex social problems.Secondly, this paper points out the failure condition that the governance theory may cause to cope with youth internet addiction. These failure condition may happen in two aspects:governing subjects dealing with youth internet addiction reluctantly and network of the governing system not balanced.
首先,网瘾和治理的概念、内容和理论研究可行性。本部分先通过国内外有关网瘾的描述和定义,概括性提出笔者的网瘾定义。其次纵观国内外学者对治理理论的定义,探究治理理论从中国实际出发修正治理理论。最后,界定了治理视野对解决青少年网瘾问题的适用性。
其次,当前我国青少年网瘾现状、成因及负面影响。本部分首先利用已有的统计数据,描绘出我国历年网瘾青少年大致的数量状况,推导出我国网瘾青少年的人数呈逐年递增的趋势。其次,在现状的基础上,基于治理视野,分析其多种成因,以及给个人和社会带来的负面影响。
再次,治理视野下解决我国青少年网瘾问题的途径。本部分先肯定了政府在解决青少年问题上做出了积极努力的基础上,分析我国政府现有政策措施及其不足。其次根据这些不足,参考国际上的成功做法,提出了以下几项解决途径：首先构建多维一体的治理结构体系；其次进行政府直接规范：建立和完善有关法律法规和制度,明确主管部门并加大执法监管力度,成立相关行政事业性单位；最后政府进行间接引导：建立和健全相关行业协会,帮助家庭预防和应对网瘾问题,进一步推进素质教育,引导企业承担社会责任。
最后,治理视野下解决青少年网瘾问题的进一步思考。先指出治理视野下解决青少年网瘾问题的有益启示,肯定治理视野对解决复杂社会问题的优势以及对建设服务型政府的指导意义。后指出治理视野解决青少年网瘾问题可能出现失效情况,分别是治理主体参与治理的“惰”性和治理网络不均衡。
The network has brought us great convenience, at the same time it also caused some social issues, youth internet addiction is particularly concerned by the community. For various reasons, the number of young people with internet addiction is increasing, the social problems caused by youth internet addiction have become prominent issues. At this point, Government and relevant social subjects should play an important role actively in governancing youth internet addiction. Basing on the Governance theory, this paper starts from the reasons, the current situation and the counter measures of youth internet addiction, and try to find out the way to deal with youth internet addiction. This paper consists of four parts:
Firstly, this paper elaborates the concept and the content of internet addiction, governance and the feasibility of theoritical study. This section firstly instructs the description and the definition of internet addiction from home and abroad, and proposes author's definition about Internet addiction in general. Secondly, basing on the definition of governance theory which the schorlars from home and abroad elaborate, this paper try to find out the governing theory which is suitable for the Chinese current situaiton. Finally, this paper demonstrates the feasibility weather the governancing theory suits for working out the problem caused by youth internet addiction.
Secondly, this paper elaborates the current status, the reasons and the negative impacts of youth internet addiction in China. Firstly, this section uses the existing statistical data over the past years, and derivates the trends that the number of Chinese young people with internet addiction will increase year by year. Secondly, basing on the current situation of youth internet addiction in China, this section analyzes the multiple reasons, as well as the negative impacts to individuals and society in the view of governance.
In addition, this paper elaborates the solution of youth internet addiction in the view of governance theory. Firstly, this section confirms the positive efforts which the government makes to solve the youth, and analyzes the counter measures the governments have made,and the existing problems that the current relative policies could not deal with. Secondly, according to these existing problems, referring to the international successful practice, this section proposes the following solution:First aspect, to construct the multi-dimensional governancing system; second aspect,to regular directly by the government:establishing and improving relevant laws,rules and regulations, clearing the function of the relative department and increasing the supervising intensity of those, establishing the relevant administrative units; third aspect, to regulate indirectly by the government:establishing and improving the relevant industry associations, helping families prevent and cope with the addiction problems, furthermore promoting the quality of education, and guiding enterprises to take the social responsibility.
Lastly, this paper tries to solve the youth addiction issues in the view of governance theory. Firstly, this section points out useful insights of how to solve the problems of youth internet addiction in the view of governance, and theory confirms the advantages of using the governance theory to solve the complex social problems.Secondly, this paper points out the failure condition that the governance theory may cause to cope with youth internet addiction. These failure condition may happen in two aspects:governing subjects dealing with youth internet addiction reluctantly and network of the governing system not balanced.
引文
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①陈汉辞.戒网瘾何去何从[J].中国中医药报,2009
①美国：四部法律保护儿童游戏软件按年龄分级[EB/OL].http://view.news.qq.com/a/20100120/000005.htm
②看国外网络游戏审批制度[EB/OL]. http://www.it.com.cn/games/net/yj/2009/10/15/09/646298.html
①国外不让孩子沉迷互联网各有各管理办法[EB/OL]. http://learning.sohu.com/
①行业协会[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/670853.htm?fr=ala0_1
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③ Young. Pathological Internet Use:The Emergence Of A New Clinical Disorder.CyberPsychology and Behavior, Vol.1 No.3., pages 237-244,1996
①丁煌.西方行政学说史fM].武汉大学出版社,1999.231-234
②鲍勃·杰索普.治理的兴起及其失败的风险.以经济发展为例[M].治理与善治,2000.69
①鲍勃·杰索普.治理的兴起及其失败的风险[M].以经济发展为例.治理与善治,2000.72
②格里·斯托克.作为理论的治理：五个论点[M].俞可平等译,2000
③弗朗索瓦·格扎维尔·梅里安.治理问题与现代福利国家[M].国际社会科学,2000
①马克斯·韦伯.经济与社会[M].林荣远译.商务印书馆,1997,136-137
②央视经济半小时：网瘾少年成了谁的摇钱树[EB/OL]http://tech.qq.com/,2009
③央视《今日观察》：治理网瘾堵不如疏[EB/OL]http://tech.qq.com/a/20090803/000348.htm
④化解网瘾的功夫在网外[N].广州日报,2010.2.9
①治理全球化：权力、权威与全球治理[M].戴维·赫尔德、安东尼·麦克格鲁编.曹荣湘、龙虎等译,社会科学文献出版社,2004
①化解“网瘾”的功夫在网外[N].广州日报,2010
②刘敬轩.我国青少年网瘾成因分析和预防措施[J].商业文化,2008
①浅谈网吧对青少年的影响.河北省关心下一代工作简报[EB/OL]. http://www.zgggw.gov.cn/,2009
①高考过后疯狂上网玩游戏高三毕业生视网膜裂孔[EB/OL]. http://news.qq.com/
②触目惊心的“网瘾”案例.人民网[EB/OL]. http://it.people.com.cn/
①潘永钟.尽快出台办法管理网戒机构[J].新民网,2010
①陈汉辞.戒网瘾何去何从[J].中国中医药报,2009
①美国：四部法律保护儿童游戏软件按年龄分级[EB/OL].http://view.news.qq.com/a/20100120/000005.htm
②看国外网络游戏审批制度[EB/OL]. http://www.it.com.cn/games/net/yj/2009/10/15/09/646298.html
①国外不让孩子沉迷互联网各有各管理办法[EB/OL]. http://learning.sohu.com/
①行业协会[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/670853.htm?fr=ala0_1
①新华时评：拿什么拯救“网瘾少年”[EB/OL]. http://news.sohu.com/20061026/n246025334.shtml
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