农村土地流转中政府职能研究
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摘要
农业是国民经济的基础,而土地是农业生产的最基本、最重要的要素,是人类赖以生存的根本,因此,重视农业,必须关注土地问题。正如威廉.配第所说“劳动是财富之父,土地则是财富之母。”随着中国经济的快速发展,土地的合理配置和流转显得非常重要。因此,对中国农村土地流转制度的研究也是当前学术界研究的热点问题之一。
现存农村土地制度的缺陷制约了农业的发展,而完善其制度的战略性举措之一则是推行土地流转。土地流转是优化土地资源配置,实现农业规模经营发展,促进农民增收、农村劳动力转移,提高我国农业国际竞争力的重要途径,是农业发展的必然要求。
本文首先对国内外关于农村土地流转文献进行收集和梳理,然后阐述了从改革开放以来我国农村土地政策变迁,在此基础上分析家庭联产承包责任制实施以来取得的成就与存在的局限;并对农村土地流转意义及其对动因进行了分析,分析当前农村土地流转的现状和存在的问题以及成因;最后,在分析农村土地流转存在的问题和制约因素的基础上,提出政府在农村土地流转过程中所承担责任---扮演一个监督者、引导者以及服务者的角色。通过建立健全农村土地流转法律法规、加快土地流转中介组织培育、完善农村金融服务、保护农民利益等方面措施,推进农村土地流转健康有序发展。
Agriculture is the foundation of the whole national economy, and the land is the important element of agriculture, which is the base of human life. So, firstly, we should pay more attention to the land issue if we want to improve agriculture. As William. Petty says,“Work is the father of wealth, land is the mother of wealth”, With Chinese economy rapid development, it is very important to the rational allocation and transfer of land. So this is the one of hotspot of currently academe to research the Chinese rural land ownership’s transfer system.
The existent objection of rural land system has restricted the development of agriculture, and the strategic initiative’s step of improving it is implement of land circulation. It is the most important approach of optimizing land resource deploying, and to promote the development of large-scale agriculture , increase the income of farmers and improve the employed rate of farmers, also, which is the most important approach of advance the international competitive strength of Chinese agriculture as the prerequisite of development of Chinese agriculture.
Firstly, this paper collected and sorted out the literatures of home and abroad about the circulation of rural land ownership, and then it expatiated the transformation and advance of Chinese land system from 1978 year. Based on this, it analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the household contract responsibility system. Also, it analyzed significance and reasons to transfer the Chinese rural land ownership as well as existent problems and objection. Finally, based on upwards analysis, it suggest that government as a role of supervising, induction and serving must be charged with corresponding responsibility. Through the establishment and improvement of a series of rural land transfer laws and regulations, to speed up the bringing up of intermediary organizations to transfer the land, improve rural financial services, accelerate the development of rural social security, protect the farmers’interests and so on, we can promote healthy and orderly development of Chinese rural land ownership.
现存农村土地制度的缺陷制约了农业的发展,而完善其制度的战略性举措之一则是推行土地流转。土地流转是优化土地资源配置,实现农业规模经营发展,促进农民增收、农村劳动力转移,提高我国农业国际竞争力的重要途径,是农业发展的必然要求。
本文首先对国内外关于农村土地流转文献进行收集和梳理,然后阐述了从改革开放以来我国农村土地政策变迁,在此基础上分析家庭联产承包责任制实施以来取得的成就与存在的局限;并对农村土地流转意义及其对动因进行了分析,分析当前农村土地流转的现状和存在的问题以及成因;最后,在分析农村土地流转存在的问题和制约因素的基础上,提出政府在农村土地流转过程中所承担责任---扮演一个监督者、引导者以及服务者的角色。通过建立健全农村土地流转法律法规、加快土地流转中介组织培育、完善农村金融服务、保护农民利益等方面措施,推进农村土地流转健康有序发展。
Agriculture is the foundation of the whole national economy, and the land is the important element of agriculture, which is the base of human life. So, firstly, we should pay more attention to the land issue if we want to improve agriculture. As William. Petty says,“Work is the father of wealth, land is the mother of wealth”, With Chinese economy rapid development, it is very important to the rational allocation and transfer of land. So this is the one of hotspot of currently academe to research the Chinese rural land ownership’s transfer system.
The existent objection of rural land system has restricted the development of agriculture, and the strategic initiative’s step of improving it is implement of land circulation. It is the most important approach of optimizing land resource deploying, and to promote the development of large-scale agriculture , increase the income of farmers and improve the employed rate of farmers, also, which is the most important approach of advance the international competitive strength of Chinese agriculture as the prerequisite of development of Chinese agriculture.
Firstly, this paper collected and sorted out the literatures of home and abroad about the circulation of rural land ownership, and then it expatiated the transformation and advance of Chinese land system from 1978 year. Based on this, it analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the household contract responsibility system. Also, it analyzed significance and reasons to transfer the Chinese rural land ownership as well as existent problems and objection. Finally, based on upwards analysis, it suggest that government as a role of supervising, induction and serving must be charged with corresponding responsibility. Through the establishment and improvement of a series of rural land transfer laws and regulations, to speed up the bringing up of intermediary organizations to transfer the land, improve rural financial services, accelerate the development of rural social security, protect the farmers’interests and so on, we can promote healthy and orderly development of Chinese rural land ownership.
引文
[1][日]速水佑次郎:农业经济论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003,258.
[2]吴易风:西方产权理论和我国产权问题[J],高校理论战线,1994.3,15—19.
[3]钱忠好:《中国农村土地制度变迁和创新研究(续)》[M],中国农业出版社,1999,37.
[4][美]诺思:制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M],三联书店,1994.3.
[5][美]诺思:西方世界的兴起[M].华厦出版社,1989.1.
[6][美]科斯:财产与制度变迁[M].三联书店,1996.296.
[7]张国庆.行政管理学概论[M],北京大学出版社2000.
[8]姜锋:中国农村土地制度问题研究[D],2008中共中央党校优秀博士论文,117.
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[10][11][12][13][14]农村土地承包经营权流转管理办法,2005年.
[17]周立三:中国农业地理[M],科学出版社,2000.77.
[18]姜锋:中国农村土地制度问题研究[D],2008年中共中央党校优秀博士论文,83.
[20]郑建华、罗从清:农村土地使用权流转与农民增收,农村经济[J],2004.5.17.
[21]郑景骥:中国农村土地使用权流转的理论基础与实践方略研究[M],西南财经大学出版社,2006.96.
[22]潘啸:农村土地流转的动因分析与对策选择[J],山东社会科学,2008.6.
[23]粤浙苏闽鲁农村居民收入比较分析,广东统计信息网, http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjfx/t20050725 35605.htm2005-07-25.
[24][28]孟勤国:中国农村土地流问题研究[M],北京:法律出版社,2008.12.44-45.157.
[25]张征:广东省农村土地流转状况调研报告,2009(1). http://www.amr.gov.cn/qikanshow.asp?articleid=2122&cataid=2
[26]叶剑平:中国农村土地产权结构的度量及其改进——基于2001年和2005年中国17省农地调查的分析[J],华中师范大学学报,2006.
[27]朱斌、焦柱:我国农村土地流转[J],经济研究导刊,2008,(18).63.
[29]邹伟、何孟飞:简论农地流转的中介组织建设,光明日报,2009.2.10.
[30]钱忠好:农村土地承包经营权残缺与市场流转困境--理论与政策分析[M],社会科学文献出版社,2006,48.
[31]中共中央政策研究室、农业部农村固定观察点办公室:《对第二轮土地承包工作的观察分析》,《经济研究参考》,1997,73.
[32]胡穗:中国共产党农村土地政策的演进[M],中国社会科学出版社,2007.234.
[33][34]冯涛:农业政策国际比较研究[M],经济科学出版社,2007.169.175.
[35]罗进华:农村土地流转中的金融支持研究[J],2005(1).32.
[36]车裕斌:中国农地流转机制研究[D],华中农业大学2004届博士学位论文,207.
[37]邹伟、何孟飞:简论农地流转的中介组织建设,光明日报,2009.2.10.
[38]高杰:我国农村土地流转制度研究,吉林大学优秀硕士论文,2007.46.
[39]转引自毛科军:中国农村产权制度研究[M],山西经济出版,1993.353.
[40]中国访越农业考察团,越南农业改革的经验与启示,中国农村经济,1998(8).
[41]牟丽平:我国农村土地流问题研究,东北师范大学2005年优秀硕士论文,29.
[42]张红宇:中国农村的土地制度变迁[M],中国农业出版社,2002.199.
[43]张红宇:中国农村土地产权政策:持续创新——对农地使用制度变革的重新评判[J],管理世界,1998.6.
[44]叶剑平:中国农村土地产权制度研究[M],中国农业出版社,2000.
[45]林善浪:中国农村土地制度与效率研究[M],经济科学出版社,1999.
[46]林毅夫:制度、技术与中国农业发展[M],上海人民出版社,2004.
[47]勒相木:中国乡村地权变迁的法经学研究[M],中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[48]熊吉峰:制度变迁与历史命运----转轨时期中国小农经济改造研究[M],山西经济出版社,2007.
[49]钱忠好:中国农村土地制度变迁和创新研究[M],社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[50]张秀生:中国农村经济改革与发展[M],武汉大学出版社,2005.
[2]吴易风:西方产权理论和我国产权问题[J],高校理论战线,1994.3,15—19.
[3]钱忠好:《中国农村土地制度变迁和创新研究(续)》[M],中国农业出版社,1999,37.
[4][美]诺思:制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M],三联书店,1994.3.
[5][美]诺思:西方世界的兴起[M].华厦出版社,1989.1.
[6][美]科斯:财产与制度变迁[M].三联书店,1996.296.
[7]张国庆.行政管理学概论[M],北京大学出版社2000.
[8]姜锋:中国农村土地制度问题研究[D],2008中共中央党校优秀博士论文,117.
[9][15] [16] [18]胡穗:中国共产党农村土地政策的演进[M],中国社会科学出版社,2007,208.180.186.189.
[10][11][12][13][14]农村土地承包经营权流转管理办法,2005年.
[17]周立三:中国农业地理[M],科学出版社,2000.77.
[18]姜锋:中国农村土地制度问题研究[D],2008年中共中央党校优秀博士论文,83.
[20]郑建华、罗从清:农村土地使用权流转与农民增收,农村经济[J],2004.5.17.
[21]郑景骥:中国农村土地使用权流转的理论基础与实践方略研究[M],西南财经大学出版社,2006.96.
[22]潘啸:农村土地流转的动因分析与对策选择[J],山东社会科学,2008.6.
[23]粤浙苏闽鲁农村居民收入比较分析,广东统计信息网, http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjfx/t20050725 35605.htm2005-07-25.
[24][28]孟勤国:中国农村土地流问题研究[M],北京:法律出版社,2008.12.44-45.157.
[25]张征:广东省农村土地流转状况调研报告,2009(1). http://www.amr.gov.cn/qikanshow.asp?articleid=2122&cataid=2
[26]叶剑平:中国农村土地产权结构的度量及其改进——基于2001年和2005年中国17省农地调查的分析[J],华中师范大学学报,2006.
[27]朱斌、焦柱:我国农村土地流转[J],经济研究导刊,2008,(18).63.
[29]邹伟、何孟飞:简论农地流转的中介组织建设,光明日报,2009.2.10.
[30]钱忠好:农村土地承包经营权残缺与市场流转困境--理论与政策分析[M],社会科学文献出版社,2006,48.
[31]中共中央政策研究室、农业部农村固定观察点办公室:《对第二轮土地承包工作的观察分析》,《经济研究参考》,1997,73.
[32]胡穗:中国共产党农村土地政策的演进[M],中国社会科学出版社,2007.234.
[33][34]冯涛:农业政策国际比较研究[M],经济科学出版社,2007.169.175.
[35]罗进华:农村土地流转中的金融支持研究[J],2005(1).32.
[36]车裕斌:中国农地流转机制研究[D],华中农业大学2004届博士学位论文,207.
[37]邹伟、何孟飞:简论农地流转的中介组织建设,光明日报,2009.2.10.
[38]高杰:我国农村土地流转制度研究,吉林大学优秀硕士论文,2007.46.
[39]转引自毛科军:中国农村产权制度研究[M],山西经济出版,1993.353.
[40]中国访越农业考察团,越南农业改革的经验与启示,中国农村经济,1998(8).
[41]牟丽平:我国农村土地流问题研究,东北师范大学2005年优秀硕士论文,29.
[42]张红宇:中国农村的土地制度变迁[M],中国农业出版社,2002.199.
[43]张红宇:中国农村土地产权政策:持续创新——对农地使用制度变革的重新评判[J],管理世界,1998.6.
[44]叶剑平:中国农村土地产权制度研究[M],中国农业出版社,2000.
[45]林善浪:中国农村土地制度与效率研究[M],经济科学出版社,1999.
[46]林毅夫:制度、技术与中国农业发展[M],上海人民出版社,2004.
[47]勒相木:中国乡村地权变迁的法经学研究[M],中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[48]熊吉峰:制度变迁与历史命运----转轨时期中国小农经济改造研究[M],山西经济出版社,2007.
[49]钱忠好:中国农村土地制度变迁和创新研究[M],社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[50]张秀生:中国农村经济改革与发展[M],武汉大学出版社,2005.