我国城镇污水处理企业经营管理政策研究
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摘要
随着我国城市人口数量的不断增加和工业化步伐不断加快,城镇污水处理事业正日益受到人们的关注和重视。近年来,国家政策及环保规划均对城镇污水处理厂数量和污水处理水平提出了较高的要求。保证污水处理厂的持续运行正常,完成减排目标成为建成之后的首要目标。那么如何才能更加有效地运营管理好城镇污水处理企业也成为迫切需要我们研究的问题。
污水处理是公用事业一种,本文首先总结了前人对公用事业、特许经营以及排污收费的研究成果。详细地阐述了公用事业进行特许经营的经验、问题以及相关风险的防范措施。并对国家污水处理政策背景和现状进行了说明。
在这些理论分析的基础上以及相关背景的促进下,本文对河南省海河流域水污染治理利用亚行贷款项目进行了背景介绍以及现状的分析,得出项目存在的问题包括政府和污水处理厂自身两方面。从而进一步研究了促进城镇污水处理事业运营管理的政策和各种措施,可推及全国城镇污水处理企业共同借鉴,得到如下结论:
(1)当地政府部门应该积极地开展污水处理厂的转制工作,使得污水处理厂市场化。解决政企不分,没有明确区分责、权、利三者之间关系的问题。完善相关的法律法规,建立公平的竞争机制,完善价格机制,饺喙芑?真正做好政府监督者的角色。
(2)污水处理厂在政府部门的监管下必须设计完善的企业组织、定期进行员工培训、制定合适的工资水平、建立中长期的商业计划、积极进行公众参与工作,最重要的在政府建立好排污收费的标准之后,要组织专门的一组人进行排污费的征收工作,并且采取收支一条线的方式将征收到得污水处理费用在污水处理厂的支出上。
With the increasing number of urban population and the accelerating pace of industrialization, people pay more and more concern and attention to urban wastewater treatment. These years, both national policies and environmental planning put forward a higher request in the number of wastewater treatment plants and the level wastewater treatment of cities and towns. To ensure the continued operating normally of wastewater treatment plants and completion of the emission reduction targets become the primary objective after the building. So, How can we manage operations of urban wastewater treatment enterprises more effectively have become the urgent need for us to study the issue.
Wastewater treatment is public utility. This article summarizes the predecessors' research results of the public utilities, franchise and pollution levy fee at first. It expatiate the experience, the risks and the preventive measures of the public utility franchise amply. And then it explains the wastewater treatment policy background and current situation in our country.
Base on these theoretical analyses and the relevant background, this article introduces the background and analyses the status quo and problems of the ADB loan projects in Henan Province. Then it studies the policies and measures in order to promote the urban wastewater treatment operation and management. The results could be used in our country and it is as follows:
(1) Local government departments should actively carry out the restructuring work of the wastewater treatment plant, making the market of a wastewater treatment plant. And solution the problems which are the government and enterprises are not clear and there is no clear distinction between the responsibilities, rights, and benefit. Improve the relevant laws and regulations. Establish a fair competition mechanism. Improve the price mechanism. Sound regulatory mechanism. Do a good job in the role of supervisors.
(2) The wastewater treatment plant must be well-designed enterprise organization, training staff regular, develop an appropriate wage level, establish a long-term business plan and make public participation under the supervision of the government departments. The most important is after the establishment of standard of charging, a group of people must be organized to the collection of sewage fee. And take the way of income and expenditure a line, then the cost of sewage treatment plant will use the money collected.
污水处理是公用事业一种,本文首先总结了前人对公用事业、特许经营以及排污收费的研究成果。详细地阐述了公用事业进行特许经营的经验、问题以及相关风险的防范措施。并对国家污水处理政策背景和现状进行了说明。
在这些理论分析的基础上以及相关背景的促进下,本文对河南省海河流域水污染治理利用亚行贷款项目进行了背景介绍以及现状的分析,得出项目存在的问题包括政府和污水处理厂自身两方面。从而进一步研究了促进城镇污水处理事业运营管理的政策和各种措施,可推及全国城镇污水处理企业共同借鉴,得到如下结论:
(1)当地政府部门应该积极地开展污水处理厂的转制工作,使得污水处理厂市场化。解决政企不分,没有明确区分责、权、利三者之间关系的问题。完善相关的法律法规,建立公平的竞争机制,完善价格机制,饺喙芑?真正做好政府监督者的角色。
(2)污水处理厂在政府部门的监管下必须设计完善的企业组织、定期进行员工培训、制定合适的工资水平、建立中长期的商业计划、积极进行公众参与工作,最重要的在政府建立好排污收费的标准之后,要组织专门的一组人进行排污费的征收工作,并且采取收支一条线的方式将征收到得污水处理费用在污水处理厂的支出上。
With the increasing number of urban population and the accelerating pace of industrialization, people pay more and more concern and attention to urban wastewater treatment. These years, both national policies and environmental planning put forward a higher request in the number of wastewater treatment plants and the level wastewater treatment of cities and towns. To ensure the continued operating normally of wastewater treatment plants and completion of the emission reduction targets become the primary objective after the building. So, How can we manage operations of urban wastewater treatment enterprises more effectively have become the urgent need for us to study the issue.
Wastewater treatment is public utility. This article summarizes the predecessors' research results of the public utilities, franchise and pollution levy fee at first. It expatiate the experience, the risks and the preventive measures of the public utility franchise amply. And then it explains the wastewater treatment policy background and current situation in our country.
Base on these theoretical analyses and the relevant background, this article introduces the background and analyses the status quo and problems of the ADB loan projects in Henan Province. Then it studies the policies and measures in order to promote the urban wastewater treatment operation and management. The results could be used in our country and it is as follows:
(1) Local government departments should actively carry out the restructuring work of the wastewater treatment plant, making the market of a wastewater treatment plant. And solution the problems which are the government and enterprises are not clear and there is no clear distinction between the responsibilities, rights, and benefit. Improve the relevant laws and regulations. Establish a fair competition mechanism. Improve the price mechanism. Sound regulatory mechanism. Do a good job in the role of supervisors.
(2) The wastewater treatment plant must be well-designed enterprise organization, training staff regular, develop an appropriate wage level, establish a long-term business plan and make public participation under the supervision of the government departments. The most important is after the establishment of standard of charging, a group of people must be organized to the collection of sewage fee. And take the way of income and expenditure a line, then the cost of sewage treatment plant will use the money collected.
引文
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