混凝土框架梁的后张有粘结预应力施工分析与实践
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摘要
预应力混凝土工程是土木工程领域具有较高技术含量的专业工种工程。在钢筋混凝土框架结构中,为满足使用功能要求,部分框架采用预应力混凝土结构已被大量运用,尤其是后张法有粘接预应力混凝土框架被大量运用。
预应力混凝土框架梁跨度较大,梁截面尺寸大,荷载重,涉及施工工序较多,工种间相互交叉频繁,施工难度较大。本文首先对后张有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁的结构分析、施工工序、施工技术进行了充分的理论阐述,然后以后张有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁施工为切入点,从后张有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁施工设备、材料的选用、锚具、预应力钢材的采购和存放、钢筋的冷加工、预应力筋下料及制作、张拉控制应力计算、张拉顺序和张拉制度、预应力损失的计算及减少预应力损失的措施、张拉伸长值计算与校核、预应力孔道留设、预应力筋穿入孔道(穿束)、预应力筋的张拉、孔道灌浆与封锚等方面入手,系统分析了后张法有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁的施工关键技术。
通过工程实践,针对施工中遇到难题,提出了解决的方法,从梁截面宽度对操作空间适应性、柱纵向受力钢筋间净距要求、管道漏浆与排气管堵塞的处理、断丝、滑丝的处理、预应力框架梁梁端局部缺陷分析及环氧处理、预应力筋束形控制点的保护层厚度、张拉阶段出现开裂的预控及处理、预应力结构与周边结构的协调、通过预先优化预应力束的编排,增设附加钢筋,对预埋波纹管的定位进行有效控制、预应力施工的有关参数不全的解决方法等方面进行了有益的探索,做到理论与实际并重。
本文通过对预应力混凝土框架梁施工中关键问题的分析与处理,总结了在理论和实践方面预应力混凝土施工所取得的经验,分析了目前预应力技术存在的主要问题、今后的发展趋势,并提出了改进建议。以便给设计和施工人员在进行预应力混凝土结构的设计与施工时提供借鉴和帮助。
Prestressed concrete technology is a high science technology in the field of civiv engineering.Its investment of the technology research is huge, and its technical requirements is very highly. In the current framework of reinforced concrete structure, the use of functions to meet the requirements of the framework of a prestressed concrete structure has generally been used a lot, especially post-bonding have been a lot of prestressed concrete framework for the use.
Prestressed concrete framework beam span large, the big size,weighty loading, and involving the construction process more complex and frequently, the process of construction is more difficult. In the paper ,Firstly,post-bonding with prestressed concrete beam framework of the structure, the construction process, construction technology was fully expounded the theory, Then post-bonding with prestressed concrete frame construction as the breakthrough point, From a post-bonding prestressed concrete beam framework of the construction equipment, materials selection, Anchorage, prestressed steel procurement and storage, and other aspects, summed up the system of post-bonding with prestressed concrete beam framework for the construction of key Technology.
Through engineering practice, for problems encountered in the construction, summed up the way to solve. From the beam section width adapt to adaptation operation of the space, the way to solve the vertical distance between the reinforced force can not meet the space requirements for the installation pad, tension caused concrete cracking stage solution, construction of Prestressed concrete the relevant parameters, such as incomplete solution in a useful exploration in both theory and practice do.
Based on the framework of prestressed concrete beam construction of the key issues of analysis and treatment, summed up some prestressed concrete construction experience in theory and practice, analysis the main problems of the current technology of prestressed, the future trend of development,then put forward suggestions for improvement. to provide reference and help for the designer and construction staff.
预应力混凝土框架梁跨度较大,梁截面尺寸大,荷载重,涉及施工工序较多,工种间相互交叉频繁,施工难度较大。本文首先对后张有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁的结构分析、施工工序、施工技术进行了充分的理论阐述,然后以后张有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁施工为切入点,从后张有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁施工设备、材料的选用、锚具、预应力钢材的采购和存放、钢筋的冷加工、预应力筋下料及制作、张拉控制应力计算、张拉顺序和张拉制度、预应力损失的计算及减少预应力损失的措施、张拉伸长值计算与校核、预应力孔道留设、预应力筋穿入孔道(穿束)、预应力筋的张拉、孔道灌浆与封锚等方面入手,系统分析了后张法有粘接预应力混凝土框架梁的施工关键技术。
通过工程实践,针对施工中遇到难题,提出了解决的方法,从梁截面宽度对操作空间适应性、柱纵向受力钢筋间净距要求、管道漏浆与排气管堵塞的处理、断丝、滑丝的处理、预应力框架梁梁端局部缺陷分析及环氧处理、预应力筋束形控制点的保护层厚度、张拉阶段出现开裂的预控及处理、预应力结构与周边结构的协调、通过预先优化预应力束的编排,增设附加钢筋,对预埋波纹管的定位进行有效控制、预应力施工的有关参数不全的解决方法等方面进行了有益的探索,做到理论与实际并重。
本文通过对预应力混凝土框架梁施工中关键问题的分析与处理,总结了在理论和实践方面预应力混凝土施工所取得的经验,分析了目前预应力技术存在的主要问题、今后的发展趋势,并提出了改进建议。以便给设计和施工人员在进行预应力混凝土结构的设计与施工时提供借鉴和帮助。
Prestressed concrete technology is a high science technology in the field of civiv engineering.Its investment of the technology research is huge, and its technical requirements is very highly. In the current framework of reinforced concrete structure, the use of functions to meet the requirements of the framework of a prestressed concrete structure has generally been used a lot, especially post-bonding have been a lot of prestressed concrete framework for the use.
Prestressed concrete framework beam span large, the big size,weighty loading, and involving the construction process more complex and frequently, the process of construction is more difficult. In the paper ,Firstly,post-bonding with prestressed concrete beam framework of the structure, the construction process, construction technology was fully expounded the theory, Then post-bonding with prestressed concrete frame construction as the breakthrough point, From a post-bonding prestressed concrete beam framework of the construction equipment, materials selection, Anchorage, prestressed steel procurement and storage, and other aspects, summed up the system of post-bonding with prestressed concrete beam framework for the construction of key Technology.
Through engineering practice, for problems encountered in the construction, summed up the way to solve. From the beam section width adapt to adaptation operation of the space, the way to solve the vertical distance between the reinforced force can not meet the space requirements for the installation pad, tension caused concrete cracking stage solution, construction of Prestressed concrete the relevant parameters, such as incomplete solution in a useful exploration in both theory and practice do.
Based on the framework of prestressed concrete beam construction of the key issues of analysis and treatment, summed up some prestressed concrete construction experience in theory and practice, analysis the main problems of the current technology of prestressed, the future trend of development,then put forward suggestions for improvement. to provide reference and help for the designer and construction staff.
引文
[1]杜拱辰.现代预应力混凝土结构[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1988.
[2]杨宗放,方先和编著.现代预应力混凝土施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1993.
[3]宋玉普,王清湘编著.钢筋混凝土结构[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2004.
[4]陶学康主编.后张预应力混凝土设计手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1996.
[5]杜拱辰.部分预应力混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1990.
[6]王传志,腾志明.钢筋混凝土结构理论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1985.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范[S]. GB 50009-2001.2002年3月.
[8]中华人民共和国工程建设标准强制性条文房屋建筑部分(2002年版)[S].2002年8月.
[9]冯大斌,栾贵巨主编.后张预应力混凝土施工手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1999.
[10]国振喜,施岚青,孙培生编.实用混凝土结构构造手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1993.
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构设计规范[S]. GB 50010-2002.2002年4月.
[12] G.S.Ramaswamy.现代预应力混凝土设计[M].吕志涛.钱鸿志译.南京:江苏建筑设计标办.1983.
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范[S]. GB50204-2002.2002年4月.
[14]美国后张预应力协会编,化东预应力中心译.后张预应力混凝土手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社.1990.
[15]丁大均主编.钢筋混凝土结构学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社.1985.
[16] [美国] BENC.GERWICK, JR.著,黄棠等译.预应力混凝土结构施工[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.1999.
[17] A.H.Nilson.预应力混凝土设计[M].姚玲森,沈莲芳合译.北京:人民交通出版社.1984.
[18]杨建明,杨宗放.框架结构中预应力筋合理布置的研究[J].建筑结构.1993年1月.
[19]东南大学化东预应力技术联合开发中心、中国建筑科学研究院结构所主编.建筑工程预应力施工规程[S].2005.
[20]林同炎. NED H.BURNS著.路湛沁,黄棠,马誉美译.预应力混凝土结构设计[M].中国铁道出版社.1983.
[21]编写组著.建筑施工手册(第四版) [M].中国建筑工业出版社.2003年9月.
[22]化东预应力混凝土技术开发中心编.现代预应力混凝土工程实践与研究[M].北京:光明日报出版社.1989.
[23]王文栋主编.混凝土结构构造手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003.
[24]郭正兴著.预应力技术的新发展[J].施工技术.2003(7).
[25]吕志涛,杨建明.部分预应力混凝土框架结构的预应力度及配筋选择[J].建筑结构.1993(9).
[26]孟少平,杨宗放,吕志涛编著.关于大面积有粘结预应力混凝土框架结构设计与施工中的若干问题[J].建筑技术.1998(12).
[27] R.E.Davis and G.E. Troxell,“properties of Concrete and Their Infulence on Prestressed Design,”[M]. J.Am.Conc.Inst.,January 1954(Proc.Vol.50).
[28] Concrete Structures in the 21st Century [M], Volum 1&2. the first fib Congress [C]. Japan :2002.
[29] Collins,M.P,and Mitchell,D.,Prestressed Concrete Structures,Prentice-Hall [M],Inc,1991.
[30]天津大学.同济大学.东南大学主编.混凝土结构[M].第一版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1994.
[31] P.Klieger,“Early High-strength Concrete for Prestressing,”Proceedings Word Conference on Prestressed Concrete [M], San Francisco.1957.
[32]陶学康著. 21世纪的混凝土及预应力混凝土新技术[J].施工技术.2003(7).
[33] Freyssinet International,“Prestressing Technology,”[M] . Pairs,1991.
[34]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范[S]. GB 50011-2001.2002年1月.
[35] Nilson,A,H.,Winter,G.,Design of Concrete Structure(Eleventh Edition)[M],McGraw-Hill, Inc.New York,1991.
[36]丁大均.混凝土结构发展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1994.
[37] Naaman,A.E.,Prestessed Concrete Analysis and Design [M],McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982.
[38] Lin,T.Y.,and Burns,N.H., Design of Prestessed Concrete Structures [M],Third Editio,John Wiley and Sons,NewYork,1981.
[39]杜拱辰主编.国外预应力混凝土的发展和应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1982.
[40] Ramaswamy,G.S.,Modern prestessed Concrete Design [M],Pitman publishing Ltd,1976.
[41]“Dams of prestressed Concrete,”[M] . Eng.News-Rec.,April 5,1945,P.456.
[42] F.Sawko.Develompments in Prestresseol Concrete-2 [M].Applied Science Publishers,1978.
[2]杨宗放,方先和编著.现代预应力混凝土施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1993.
[3]宋玉普,王清湘编著.钢筋混凝土结构[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2004.
[4]陶学康主编.后张预应力混凝土设计手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1996.
[5]杜拱辰.部分预应力混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1990.
[6]王传志,腾志明.钢筋混凝土结构理论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1985.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范[S]. GB 50009-2001.2002年3月.
[8]中华人民共和国工程建设标准强制性条文房屋建筑部分(2002年版)[S].2002年8月.
[9]冯大斌,栾贵巨主编.后张预应力混凝土施工手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1999.
[10]国振喜,施岚青,孙培生编.实用混凝土结构构造手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1993.
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构设计规范[S]. GB 50010-2002.2002年4月.
[12] G.S.Ramaswamy.现代预应力混凝土设计[M].吕志涛.钱鸿志译.南京:江苏建筑设计标办.1983.
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范[S]. GB50204-2002.2002年4月.
[14]美国后张预应力协会编,化东预应力中心译.后张预应力混凝土手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社.1990.
[15]丁大均主编.钢筋混凝土结构学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社.1985.
[16] [美国] BENC.GERWICK, JR.著,黄棠等译.预应力混凝土结构施工[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.1999.
[17] A.H.Nilson.预应力混凝土设计[M].姚玲森,沈莲芳合译.北京:人民交通出版社.1984.
[18]杨建明,杨宗放.框架结构中预应力筋合理布置的研究[J].建筑结构.1993年1月.
[19]东南大学化东预应力技术联合开发中心、中国建筑科学研究院结构所主编.建筑工程预应力施工规程[S].2005.
[20]林同炎. NED H.BURNS著.路湛沁,黄棠,马誉美译.预应力混凝土结构设计[M].中国铁道出版社.1983.
[21]编写组著.建筑施工手册(第四版) [M].中国建筑工业出版社.2003年9月.
[22]化东预应力混凝土技术开发中心编.现代预应力混凝土工程实践与研究[M].北京:光明日报出版社.1989.
[23]王文栋主编.混凝土结构构造手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003.
[24]郭正兴著.预应力技术的新发展[J].施工技术.2003(7).
[25]吕志涛,杨建明.部分预应力混凝土框架结构的预应力度及配筋选择[J].建筑结构.1993(9).
[26]孟少平,杨宗放,吕志涛编著.关于大面积有粘结预应力混凝土框架结构设计与施工中的若干问题[J].建筑技术.1998(12).
[27] R.E.Davis and G.E. Troxell,“properties of Concrete and Their Infulence on Prestressed Design,”[M]. J.Am.Conc.Inst.,January 1954(Proc.Vol.50).
[28] Concrete Structures in the 21st Century [M], Volum 1&2. the first fib Congress [C]. Japan :2002.
[29] Collins,M.P,and Mitchell,D.,Prestressed Concrete Structures,Prentice-Hall [M],Inc,1991.
[30]天津大学.同济大学.东南大学主编.混凝土结构[M].第一版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1994.
[31] P.Klieger,“Early High-strength Concrete for Prestressing,”Proceedings Word Conference on Prestressed Concrete [M], San Francisco.1957.
[32]陶学康著. 21世纪的混凝土及预应力混凝土新技术[J].施工技术.2003(7).
[33] Freyssinet International,“Prestressing Technology,”[M] . Pairs,1991.
[34]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范[S]. GB 50011-2001.2002年1月.
[35] Nilson,A,H.,Winter,G.,Design of Concrete Structure(Eleventh Edition)[M],McGraw-Hill, Inc.New York,1991.
[36]丁大均.混凝土结构发展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1994.
[37] Naaman,A.E.,Prestessed Concrete Analysis and Design [M],McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982.
[38] Lin,T.Y.,and Burns,N.H., Design of Prestessed Concrete Structures [M],Third Editio,John Wiley and Sons,NewYork,1981.
[39]杜拱辰主编.国外预应力混凝土的发展和应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1982.
[40] Ramaswamy,G.S.,Modern prestessed Concrete Design [M],Pitman publishing Ltd,1976.
[41]“Dams of prestressed Concrete,”[M] . Eng.News-Rec.,April 5,1945,P.456.
[42] F.Sawko.Develompments in Prestresseol Concrete-2 [M].Applied Science Publishers,1978.