留守青少年抑郁状况研究
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摘要
[目的]探讨留守青少年抑郁的流行状况以及性别、年龄和是否留守的差异,从生活事件、社会支持等角度来探讨影响留守青少年抑郁的因素。为留守青少年心理健康教育,制定相关对策提供理论支持。
[方法]本研究利用抑郁自评量表、青少年生活事件量表、社会支持评定量表,采用分层整群随机对四川省营山县2所中学719名中学生的抑郁情绪、生活事件及社会支持进行了测评,采用描述性统计分析、方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等统计方法,考察生活事件、社会支持在留守青少年中与抑郁的关系。
[结果]
1.全体被试在抑郁量表上的得分为38.66±8.22,指数为0.48±0.10。抑郁症状的的检出率为43.5%。其中留守青少年在抑郁量表上的得分为39.34±8.18,指数为0.49±0.10。抑郁症状的的检出率为46.8%。
2.抑郁多因素的方差分析显示,年龄的主效应显著(F=7.431,P<0.01),18岁显著高于12岁到17岁年龄段,17岁显著高于13、14岁,16岁显著高于14岁,12岁到15岁之间无明显差异。是否留守的主效应显著(F=4.923,P<0.05),留守显著高于非留守。是否留守和年龄的交互作用显著(F=3.669,P<0.01),非留守和留守在的青少年在13岁和14岁上有显著差异,留守高于非留守。在其它年龄段上差异不显著。
3.对留守青少年影响程度较大且发生频率较高的8项生活事件为考试失败或不理想、学习负担重、被人误会或错怪、与同学或好友发生纠纷、长期远离家人不能团聚、升学压力、生活习惯(饮食、休息等)明显变化、当众丢面子。
4.相关分析显示,在留守青少年中生活事件和抑郁两者存在正相关(r=0.110 P<0.05),社会支持和抑郁两者存在负相关,(r=-0.093 P<0.05)。社会支持和生活事件两者存在负相关(r=-0.290 P P<0.01)。
5.回归分析结果,生活事件、社会支持可以预测留守青少年的抑郁情绪。
[结论]
1.抑郁是青少年,尤其是留守青少年较为普遍的心理问题,应予以高度关注。
2.青少年抑郁状况在年龄、是否留守存在显著差异。
3.影响留守青少年的主要负性生活事件包括学习压力、人际关系、适应等方面。
4.在留守青少年中,生活事件、社会支持与抑郁密切相关。
Purpose:This paper is about a research on the depression effects on left-behind adolescent according to their life and social support in ways of investigation about the prevalence of depression and gender, age and the difference of whether being left behind or not in order to offer a theoretical basis on mental health education, prevention, intervention of left-behind adolescent.
Method:This research is based on the questionnaire of Self-Rating Depression Scale, Adolescent Life Events Scale and Social Support Rating Scale, measuring the depression, life events and social support of 719 middle school students in two schools in Yingshan county in analysis of descriptive statistics, variance,correlation and regression. Following these analyses, the relationship of depression on left-behind adolescent and factors of life events and social support will be work out.
Results:
1.The score of all the testees on the Depression Scale is 38.66±8.22 and its index is 0.48±0.10. The Detection Rate of depressive symptom is 43.5%. Among them, the left-behind adolescent get the score of 39.34±8.18 on the Depression Scale, and its index is 0.49±0.10. Meanwhile, the Detection Rate of depressive symptom is 46.8%.
2. The analysis of variance on multiple factors of depression indicates the main effect of age is prominent (F=7.431,P<0.01) that whose age is 18 is significantly higher than who is 12 to 17 years old,17-year-old ones are higher than the 13-14-year-old ones and one who is 16 years old is higher than the 14-year-old one, but there is no significant difference between 12 to 15 years old ones. The main effect on whether being left or not is prominent (F= 4.923,P<0.05), the left-behind ones are higher than the ones who are not left. The interaction between whether being left-behind and their age is prominent (F=3.669,P<0.01). There exists significant differences between left-behind ones and non-left-behind ones at the age of 13 and 14, which shows the former are higher than the latter. The differences seem not so significant at other ages.
3. There are eight life events which have great effects on left-behind adolescent that keep high frequency. They are examination failure, heavy load of study, being misunderstood, disputes with their classmates or friends, far away from family for long-term, academic pressure, significant changes in living habits (diet, rest, etc.) and losing face in public.
4. Correlation Analysis shows there exists positive correlation between life events and depression of left-behind adolescent (r=0.110 P＜0.05),and negative correlation between social support and depression (r=0.093 P＜0.05). At the same time, negative correlation appears between social support and life events.
5. The result of Regression Analysis shows life events and social support can predict the depression of left-behind adolescent.
Conclusion:
1..Depression is a common psychological problems on adolescent, esp, who are left behind, which should be highly concerned about.
2.There are significant differences between the depression of adolescent on ages and whether being left behind or not.
3.The negative life events which have effects on adolescent includes:study pressure, interpersonal relationship, adaptation and so on.
4.Among the left-behind adolescent, depression is closely related to life events and social support.
[方法]本研究利用抑郁自评量表、青少年生活事件量表、社会支持评定量表,采用分层整群随机对四川省营山县2所中学719名中学生的抑郁情绪、生活事件及社会支持进行了测评,采用描述性统计分析、方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等统计方法,考察生活事件、社会支持在留守青少年中与抑郁的关系。
[结果]
1.全体被试在抑郁量表上的得分为38.66±8.22,指数为0.48±0.10。抑郁症状的的检出率为43.5%。其中留守青少年在抑郁量表上的得分为39.34±8.18,指数为0.49±0.10。抑郁症状的的检出率为46.8%。
2.抑郁多因素的方差分析显示,年龄的主效应显著(F=7.431,P<0.01),18岁显著高于12岁到17岁年龄段,17岁显著高于13、14岁,16岁显著高于14岁,12岁到15岁之间无明显差异。是否留守的主效应显著(F=4.923,P<0.05),留守显著高于非留守。是否留守和年龄的交互作用显著(F=3.669,P<0.01),非留守和留守在的青少年在13岁和14岁上有显著差异,留守高于非留守。在其它年龄段上差异不显著。
3.对留守青少年影响程度较大且发生频率较高的8项生活事件为考试失败或不理想、学习负担重、被人误会或错怪、与同学或好友发生纠纷、长期远离家人不能团聚、升学压力、生活习惯(饮食、休息等)明显变化、当众丢面子。
4.相关分析显示,在留守青少年中生活事件和抑郁两者存在正相关(r=0.110 P<0.05),社会支持和抑郁两者存在负相关,(r=-0.093 P<0.05)。社会支持和生活事件两者存在负相关(r=-0.290 P P<0.01)。
5.回归分析结果,生活事件、社会支持可以预测留守青少年的抑郁情绪。
[结论]
1.抑郁是青少年,尤其是留守青少年较为普遍的心理问题,应予以高度关注。
2.青少年抑郁状况在年龄、是否留守存在显著差异。
3.影响留守青少年的主要负性生活事件包括学习压力、人际关系、适应等方面。
4.在留守青少年中,生活事件、社会支持与抑郁密切相关。
Purpose:This paper is about a research on the depression effects on left-behind adolescent according to their life and social support in ways of investigation about the prevalence of depression and gender, age and the difference of whether being left behind or not in order to offer a theoretical basis on mental health education, prevention, intervention of left-behind adolescent.
Method:This research is based on the questionnaire of Self-Rating Depression Scale, Adolescent Life Events Scale and Social Support Rating Scale, measuring the depression, life events and social support of 719 middle school students in two schools in Yingshan county in analysis of descriptive statistics, variance,correlation and regression. Following these analyses, the relationship of depression on left-behind adolescent and factors of life events and social support will be work out.
Results:
1.The score of all the testees on the Depression Scale is 38.66±8.22 and its index is 0.48±0.10. The Detection Rate of depressive symptom is 43.5%. Among them, the left-behind adolescent get the score of 39.34±8.18 on the Depression Scale, and its index is 0.49±0.10. Meanwhile, the Detection Rate of depressive symptom is 46.8%.
2. The analysis of variance on multiple factors of depression indicates the main effect of age is prominent (F=7.431,P<0.01) that whose age is 18 is significantly higher than who is 12 to 17 years old,17-year-old ones are higher than the 13-14-year-old ones and one who is 16 years old is higher than the 14-year-old one, but there is no significant difference between 12 to 15 years old ones. The main effect on whether being left or not is prominent (F= 4.923,P<0.05), the left-behind ones are higher than the ones who are not left. The interaction between whether being left-behind and their age is prominent (F=3.669,P<0.01). There exists significant differences between left-behind ones and non-left-behind ones at the age of 13 and 14, which shows the former are higher than the latter. The differences seem not so significant at other ages.
3. There are eight life events which have great effects on left-behind adolescent that keep high frequency. They are examination failure, heavy load of study, being misunderstood, disputes with their classmates or friends, far away from family for long-term, academic pressure, significant changes in living habits (diet, rest, etc.) and losing face in public.
4. Correlation Analysis shows there exists positive correlation between life events and depression of left-behind adolescent (r=0.110 P＜0.05),and negative correlation between social support and depression (r=0.093 P＜0.05). At the same time, negative correlation appears between social support and life events.
5. The result of Regression Analysis shows life events and social support can predict the depression of left-behind adolescent.
Conclusion:
1..Depression is a common psychological problems on adolescent, esp, who are left behind, which should be highly concerned about.
2.There are significant differences between the depression of adolescent on ages and whether being left behind or not.
3.The negative life events which have effects on adolescent includes:study pressure, interpersonal relationship, adaptation and so on.
4.Among the left-behind adolescent, depression is closely related to life events and social support.
引文
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