基于GIS的赣州市城市公共安全管理信息系统的研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的加速,城市已经日益成为高度集聚的人们生活和工作的主要场所,成为各种组织机构开展活动的主要舞台,成为经济和社会深入发展的主要动力。但是在面临发展机遇的同时,城市本身还处在日趋复杂的社会结构和深刻变化的外部环境之中。目前城市面临的传统和非传统安全威胁日益复杂、尖锐,这些都严重影响着城市健康、和谐、可持续的发展。
地理信息系统(GIS)是地理科学、计算机科学与技术、信息技术三者发展的共同产物。它在计算机软件和硬件环境支持下,可对空间数据进行采集、管理、操作、分析、模拟和显示。由于事故、危险源、危机等影响城市公共安全的各种风险因素的发生、发展包含着丰富的空间、时间、属性等特别适合用GIS进行处理和分析的信息,所以可用GIS来为城市公共安全管理服务。
本论文首先介绍了城市公共安全的国内外研究现状、发展趋势和论文的研究目的、意义和内容;其次论述了城市的产生和发展,城市公共安全的定义、特征、内涵和外延、研究对象、范围、内容和任务,事故、危险源、危机等影响城市公共安全的各种风险因素的相关基础知识,以及GIS与城市公共安全的关系;然后明确了对赣州市进行风险分析的目的,并按照风险辨识的内容和步骤,采用定性风险分析方法,得出了赣州市城市风险现状,并在此基础上,建立了赣州市城市公共安全评价指标体系,按照安全评价方法选择原则,比较现有的多种评价城市公共安全方法的优缺点后,采用集成了层次分析法和模糊综合评判法而成的组合评价法,对赣州市城市公共安全性进行了综合性评价,得出了评价结果,并编程实现了评价过程的计算机化;接着根据软件工程设计思想,对基于GIS的赣州市城市公共安全管理信息系统进行了设计,包括系统开发背景、环境(包括硬件和软件环境)、模式,系统总体设计(包括结构、功能、数据库总体设计等)、详细设计(包括图层、安全地理信息编码、数据库详细设计等),最后采用C#语言、ArcObjects组件、ArcSDE空间数据引擎、SQL Server数据库,在.NET平台上,对系统进行了开发与实现,并把系统应用在赣州市城市公共安全管理实践活动中。应用结果表明它能为赣州市城市公共安全管理的相关部门及其人员,和广大的市民群众,提供了解赣州市城市公共安全现状,和影响它的各种因素的发生、发展信息的一种工具,为未来多种与城市公共安全管理相关的任务和活动提供有力的支持和帮助。
With the acceleration of urbanization, cities have increasingly become a high concentration to live and work for people, a main stage to exercises for a variety of organizations and institutions, the main driving force to develop for economic and social.In the face of development opportunities at the same time, however, cities are still in the complex social structure and the external environment with profound changes.Currently, the traditional and non-traditional security threats which cities are facing are increasingly complex and acute, which seriously affect the healthy, harmonious, and sustainable development of the cities themselves.
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a joint development product, which is based on three disciplines development, geographical science, computer science and technology, information technology.Under the support of computer software and hardware environment, it finishes the task such as geo-data collection, management, operations, analysis, simulation and display.As the occurrence and development of the accidents, hazards, crisis and other factors which affect urban public safety contain a wealth of information of space, time, attribute and so on, which are particularly suited to use GIS to analysis and processing, so we can use the GIS to urban public safety management services.
This paper firstly described the research present situations and develop trends of the city public safety、research purposes, meaning and contents of this thesis; secondly, discussed the definition, features, connotations and epitaxial, objects, contents, scope and tasks of study, and other knowledge related of the city public security, the knowledge of factors which are affecting urban public safety such as accidents, hazards, crisis, and the relationship between GIS and urban public security; thirdly,defined the purposes of risks analysis in Ganzhou, in accordance with the contents and the steps of risk identification, used the qualitative risk analysis methods, obtained the the status quo of risks in Ganzhou city, and on this basis, established evaluation index system of Ganzhou city public safety, in accordance with the choice principles of safety assessment method, compared the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of methods of evaluation which existed city public safety at present, then used a combined analysis and evaluation method which combined the AHP theory with fuzzy theory, conducted an safety evaluation of the Ganzhou City, got the evaluation results, and achieved the evaluation process computerized by the programming;then according to the development process of software engineering definition, determined the background and the necessary environments of system development which included the computer hardware and software enviroments, carried out system design, which included the overall design, such as structure, functions, database total design, and detailed design, for instance layers, safety information encode, database exhaustive design, and on this basis, at last, used the C # language, SQL Server database, which is combined with ArcObjects components and ArcSDE under the .NET platform, completed the development and implementation of GIS-based Ganzhou city public security management information system.The results of system application show that it is a tool to learn about the Ganzhou public security situation、the occurrence and development information of factors which affect Ganzhou city public safety for the relevant departments and the public staffs of the Ganzhou City, and provide support and help strongly to city public safety construction of Ganzhou for the future.
地理信息系统(GIS)是地理科学、计算机科学与技术、信息技术三者发展的共同产物。它在计算机软件和硬件环境支持下,可对空间数据进行采集、管理、操作、分析、模拟和显示。由于事故、危险源、危机等影响城市公共安全的各种风险因素的发生、发展包含着丰富的空间、时间、属性等特别适合用GIS进行处理和分析的信息,所以可用GIS来为城市公共安全管理服务。
本论文首先介绍了城市公共安全的国内外研究现状、发展趋势和论文的研究目的、意义和内容;其次论述了城市的产生和发展,城市公共安全的定义、特征、内涵和外延、研究对象、范围、内容和任务,事故、危险源、危机等影响城市公共安全的各种风险因素的相关基础知识,以及GIS与城市公共安全的关系;然后明确了对赣州市进行风险分析的目的,并按照风险辨识的内容和步骤,采用定性风险分析方法,得出了赣州市城市风险现状,并在此基础上,建立了赣州市城市公共安全评价指标体系,按照安全评价方法选择原则,比较现有的多种评价城市公共安全方法的优缺点后,采用集成了层次分析法和模糊综合评判法而成的组合评价法,对赣州市城市公共安全性进行了综合性评价,得出了评价结果,并编程实现了评价过程的计算机化;接着根据软件工程设计思想,对基于GIS的赣州市城市公共安全管理信息系统进行了设计,包括系统开发背景、环境(包括硬件和软件环境)、模式,系统总体设计(包括结构、功能、数据库总体设计等)、详细设计(包括图层、安全地理信息编码、数据库详细设计等),最后采用C#语言、ArcObjects组件、ArcSDE空间数据引擎、SQL Server数据库,在.NET平台上,对系统进行了开发与实现,并把系统应用在赣州市城市公共安全管理实践活动中。应用结果表明它能为赣州市城市公共安全管理的相关部门及其人员,和广大的市民群众,提供了解赣州市城市公共安全现状,和影响它的各种因素的发生、发展信息的一种工具,为未来多种与城市公共安全管理相关的任务和活动提供有力的支持和帮助。
With the acceleration of urbanization, cities have increasingly become a high concentration to live and work for people, a main stage to exercises for a variety of organizations and institutions, the main driving force to develop for economic and social.In the face of development opportunities at the same time, however, cities are still in the complex social structure and the external environment with profound changes.Currently, the traditional and non-traditional security threats which cities are facing are increasingly complex and acute, which seriously affect the healthy, harmonious, and sustainable development of the cities themselves.
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a joint development product, which is based on three disciplines development, geographical science, computer science and technology, information technology.Under the support of computer software and hardware environment, it finishes the task such as geo-data collection, management, operations, analysis, simulation and display.As the occurrence and development of the accidents, hazards, crisis and other factors which affect urban public safety contain a wealth of information of space, time, attribute and so on, which are particularly suited to use GIS to analysis and processing, so we can use the GIS to urban public safety management services.
This paper firstly described the research present situations and develop trends of the city public safety、research purposes, meaning and contents of this thesis; secondly, discussed the definition, features, connotations and epitaxial, objects, contents, scope and tasks of study, and other knowledge related of the city public security, the knowledge of factors which are affecting urban public safety such as accidents, hazards, crisis, and the relationship between GIS and urban public security; thirdly,defined the purposes of risks analysis in Ganzhou, in accordance with the contents and the steps of risk identification, used the qualitative risk analysis methods, obtained the the status quo of risks in Ganzhou city, and on this basis, established evaluation index system of Ganzhou city public safety, in accordance with the choice principles of safety assessment method, compared the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of methods of evaluation which existed city public safety at present, then used a combined analysis and evaluation method which combined the AHP theory with fuzzy theory, conducted an safety evaluation of the Ganzhou City, got the evaluation results, and achieved the evaluation process computerized by the programming;then according to the development process of software engineering definition, determined the background and the necessary environments of system development which included the computer hardware and software enviroments, carried out system design, which included the overall design, such as structure, functions, database total design, and detailed design, for instance layers, safety information encode, database exhaustive design, and on this basis, at last, used the C # language, SQL Server database, which is combined with ArcObjects components and ArcSDE under the .NET platform, completed the development and implementation of GIS-based Ganzhou city public security management information system.The results of system application show that it is a tool to learn about the Ganzhou public security situation、the occurrence and development information of factors which affect Ganzhou city public safety for the relevant departments and the public staffs of the Ganzhou City, and provide support and help strongly to city public safety construction of Ganzhou for the future.
引文
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[13]刘刚.危机管理.中国城市出版社,2003
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[18]李德仁.数码城市的概念,技术和应用.北京:中国城市出版社.2001
[19]夏保成.美国公共安全管理概论.当代中国出版社,2006年6月
[20]张新长,曾广鸿.城市地理信息系统.北京:科学出版社.1999
[21]承继成.数字地球导论.北京:科学出版社.2003
[22]龚健雅.数字城市的理论和实践.北京:中国城市出版社.2001
[23] U.L.Titus Perera.Informatization of City of Colombo in Sprilanka, CLAPR Documents.2000
[24] Santiago Municipal Government.Cities on the Internet, CLAPR Documents.2000
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[36]张海藩.软件工程.北京:人民邮电出版社.2002
[37]周之英.现代软件工程(上、中、下).北京:科学出版社.2000
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