受水患威胁矿井安全开采技术及工程对策
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摘要
华北煤田水文地质条件复杂。随着开采深度的不断加大，很多矿山受到不同程度的突水威胁。水患威胁矿井安全开采理论与技术研究，是目前采矿工程研究的热点和难点。本文采用现场调查、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法，对单侯矿三采区的水文地质条件、开采过程中的围岩变形及动态响应特征以及突水风险性进行了分析，并提出了工程对策措施。
本文以开滦(集团)蔚州矿业有限公司单侯矿为工程背景，基于三采区地震勘探资料及精查地质报告，对矿井含水层进行了划分，并进行了水文地质条件分析。为直观显示采区内的含水层、隔水层和煤层的空间对应关系，基于大量地质钻孔编录数据，应用SURPAC软件构建了三采区水文地质三维可视化模型，圈定了各个含水层的体积和面积，并对主要含水层与邻近煤层的距离进行了统计分析。基于上述研究，应用MIDAS/GTS-FLAC~(3D)耦合建模技术，构建了三采区数值计算模型，对于三采区内即将开采的1煤层和5煤层，在考虑含水层影响条件下，通过流固耦合计算，分析了不同回采顺序条件下，采场岩体的非线性力学响应和流场变化特征，优化并提出了合理的回采顺序。通过分析矿井历年突水历史记录，分析了受断层构造影响、下伏承压水巷道施工突水的原因。通过对不同承压水压、不同隔水层厚度、不同断层断距和不同断层倾角等工况进行数值模拟分析，揭示了各个因素诱发突水的机理，并初步圈定了不同情况下保安煤柱宽度。最后，应用AHP层次分析方法，对影响三采区突水因素进行了权重分析和突水风险性预测评估，并提出了相应工程对策。
进行受水患威胁矿井的突水机理分析和突水预测研究，为三采区的安全开采提供理论基础和技术支撑，对保障矿井的安全高效开采，无疑具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。
The hydrogeology conditions of North China Coalfield are complex.With the miningdepth increasing, a lot of mine in varying degrees are under the threat of sudden flooding.The theory and technology research of mine safety mining under flood threat has alsobeen the hot spots of research. This paper studies hydrogeological conditions in the miningarea, water-inrush risk analysis, deformation and dynamic response characteristics duringthe mining process by combining numerical simulation and theoretical analysis methods.
Taking No.3mining region of Danhou coal mine in Yu County of Hebei Province asengineering background, based on two-dimensional seismic data and geological data, theaquifers are defined by the analysis of the hydrogeological conditions. In order to showthe relative relations of the aquifers impermeable stratum and coal seams in space visually,,based on the geological logging data, the3D visual hydrogeology model of No.3miningregion is obtained by using SURPAC. The impermeable layer thickness contour mapsnearby5&1coal seams working areas and impermeable layer ranges were given bystatistical analysis and calculation, the area and volume of the flow field were determined,and the rational mining sequence was proposed. In combination with the hydrological andgeological analysis and the3D visualization model, the numerical calculation model ofmining area is built through the MIDAS/GTS-FLAC3Dcoupled modeling technology. Forthe5&1coal seams1to be mine in mining region, considering the influence of aquifers,the nonlinear mechanical response characteristics and variation of fluid are studied underdifferent mining sequences, through the fluid-solid coupling calculation. After Referenceto the water-inrush history in the mining area, the causes of water-bursting in tunnelconstruction period are studied under the influences of the fault structure and the confinedwater. Through the change of bearing water pressure, thickness of impermeable layer, faultthrow and dip angle of fault factors, numerical simulation analysis is carried out indifferent conditions. The fundamental mechanism which every factors induce water-inrushby is revealed, and the widths of security coal pillar are briefly delineated under differentconditions. Finally, by using the AHP method, the factors which can induce water-inrush in No.3mining region are analyzed in weight, and the engineering countermeasures areput forward after water-inrush risk evaluation.
The study on water-inrush analysis and prediction, which can provide theoreticalbasis and technical support for mining safely of the mining region and the safeguard ofhigh efficiency mining，undoubtedly has important realistic meaning and practical value.
本文以开滦(集团)蔚州矿业有限公司单侯矿为工程背景，基于三采区地震勘探资料及精查地质报告，对矿井含水层进行了划分，并进行了水文地质条件分析。为直观显示采区内的含水层、隔水层和煤层的空间对应关系，基于大量地质钻孔编录数据，应用SURPAC软件构建了三采区水文地质三维可视化模型，圈定了各个含水层的体积和面积，并对主要含水层与邻近煤层的距离进行了统计分析。基于上述研究，应用MIDAS/GTS-FLAC~(3D)耦合建模技术，构建了三采区数值计算模型，对于三采区内即将开采的1煤层和5煤层，在考虑含水层影响条件下，通过流固耦合计算，分析了不同回采顺序条件下，采场岩体的非线性力学响应和流场变化特征，优化并提出了合理的回采顺序。通过分析矿井历年突水历史记录，分析了受断层构造影响、下伏承压水巷道施工突水的原因。通过对不同承压水压、不同隔水层厚度、不同断层断距和不同断层倾角等工况进行数值模拟分析，揭示了各个因素诱发突水的机理，并初步圈定了不同情况下保安煤柱宽度。最后，应用AHP层次分析方法，对影响三采区突水因素进行了权重分析和突水风险性预测评估，并提出了相应工程对策。
进行受水患威胁矿井的突水机理分析和突水预测研究，为三采区的安全开采提供理论基础和技术支撑，对保障矿井的安全高效开采，无疑具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。
The hydrogeology conditions of North China Coalfield are complex.With the miningdepth increasing, a lot of mine in varying degrees are under the threat of sudden flooding.The theory and technology research of mine safety mining under flood threat has alsobeen the hot spots of research. This paper studies hydrogeological conditions in the miningarea, water-inrush risk analysis, deformation and dynamic response characteristics duringthe mining process by combining numerical simulation and theoretical analysis methods.
Taking No.3mining region of Danhou coal mine in Yu County of Hebei Province asengineering background, based on two-dimensional seismic data and geological data, theaquifers are defined by the analysis of the hydrogeological conditions. In order to showthe relative relations of the aquifers impermeable stratum and coal seams in space visually,,based on the geological logging data, the3D visual hydrogeology model of No.3miningregion is obtained by using SURPAC. The impermeable layer thickness contour mapsnearby5&1coal seams working areas and impermeable layer ranges were given bystatistical analysis and calculation, the area and volume of the flow field were determined,and the rational mining sequence was proposed. In combination with the hydrological andgeological analysis and the3D visualization model, the numerical calculation model ofmining area is built through the MIDAS/GTS-FLAC3Dcoupled modeling technology. Forthe5&1coal seams1to be mine in mining region, considering the influence of aquifers,the nonlinear mechanical response characteristics and variation of fluid are studied underdifferent mining sequences, through the fluid-solid coupling calculation. After Referenceto the water-inrush history in the mining area, the causes of water-bursting in tunnelconstruction period are studied under the influences of the fault structure and the confinedwater. Through the change of bearing water pressure, thickness of impermeable layer, faultthrow and dip angle of fault factors, numerical simulation analysis is carried out indifferent conditions. The fundamental mechanism which every factors induce water-inrushby is revealed, and the widths of security coal pillar are briefly delineated under differentconditions. Finally, by using the AHP method, the factors which can induce water-inrush in No.3mining region are analyzed in weight, and the engineering countermeasures areput forward after water-inrush risk evaluation.
The study on water-inrush analysis and prediction, which can provide theoreticalbasis and technical support for mining safely of the mining region and the safeguard ofhigh efficiency mining，undoubtedly has important realistic meaning and practical value.
引文
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[8]靳德武,陈健鹏,王延福等.煤层底板突水预报人工神经网络系统的研究[J].西安科技学院学报,2000,20(3):214-217.
[9]王连国,宋扬.煤层底板突水突变模型[J].工程地质学报,2002,8(2):160-163.
[10]武强,董东林,傅耀军.煤矿开采诱发的水环境问题研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(1):19-22.
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