强化高纯铝箔立方织构的机理与技术
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摘要
高压阳极电容铝箔需要很强的立方织构,其体积分数要求达到95%以上,生产的难度相当大,技术含量相当高。此前世界上只有日本、法国、德国等少数几个国家才能生产,我国也是近几年才有自己的产品供应。铝多晶体中立方织构的形成与演变是立方金属材料一种非常重要的晶体取向变化,其影响因素十分复杂,一直是材料科学领域中难度很大的课题。虽然自从采用取向分布函数研究织构取得了重大的进展,对形变与再结晶织构的形成和演变已经提出了多种重要的模型,建立了一些有价值的理论,但目前仍然有许多问题没有解决,如再结晶织构的形成过程甚至还不能预测,只能解释。特别是结合规模化生产时,在影响因素非常复杂的情况下,要探明立方织构的形成和演变机理一直是一个科学技术难题。本文结合高压阳极电容铝箔材料的生产,研究了强化立方织构的机理与技术,获得了以下的结果。
研究表明,杂质元素,尤其是铁元素强烈影响立方织构的形成和发展。本文从再结晶能量转化的角度,建立了微量元素作用下的再结晶能量转化模型;据此进行了Monte Carlo再结晶模拟;并在确立了低浓度铁在铝中溶解度曲线的基础上,提出了溶析热处理强化立方织构的技术。
研究表明,立方取向晶粒具有最小的Taylor因子,在此基础上提出了应变诱发立方取向晶体优先形核机理;结合立方取向晶体择优形核和择优长大的温度相关性,建立了形变热处理强化立方织构的技术。
冷轧润滑条件强烈影响铝箔的组织结构与织构,从而也可控制铝箔立方织构的含量。研究结果表明,由于煤油润滑比机油润滑摩擦系数大,导致轧制过程中产生明显的{001}<110>剪切织构和Cu织构以及形变剪切带,有利于强化立方织构。本文揭示了润滑影响冷轧形变组织及宏观冷轧织构的形成和演变规律,及其对立方织构的影响规律。
研究发现,立方取向晶粒在低的再结晶温度下形核率高于其他取向,而高温时有利于立方取向晶核的择优长大。据此,本文提出了立方取向低温择优形核和高温择优长大的学术观点,建立了立方取向择优形核的动力学模型,并提出了分级退火化高纯铝箔再结晶立方织构的技术。
本文提出的强化立方织构的机理为高压箔的国产化提供了理论依据,所研究的强化立方织构的技术已经在国内某大型铝加工企业推广应用,批量产的高压阳极电容铝箔产品的立方织构含量已经达到95%以上,并实现了规模化批量生产。
The processing of aluminum foil for the anode of high voltage electrolytic capacitors is very difficult, and a lot of high-techniques for the processing have to be mastered skillfully, which will be applied to the aluminum processing, such as casting, rolling, and heat-treatment. More than 95% cube texture in volume will be necessary for enlarging surface of the anode by etching. The foil products can have been produced only in Japan, France, Germany before, and a commercial production has come true in China in the last few years as well. The formation and evolution of cube texture in FCC materials is a very important subject for the scientists and engineers in metallic materials, on which there are many complicated factors that have strong influence on the formation and evolution of cube texture. Ever since the orientation distribution function (ODF) was advanced, although the research of crystallographic texture has made great achievements, including some valuable theories and models, there are still some uncertainties in this field. For the formation mechanism for recrystallization texture, for example, there are still some different kinds of point of view. Howerver, there are no ideas about the details of recrystallization texture formation. What can be done about is no prediction but explanation. Especially in the commercial production of aluminum foil, this problem will become even more complicated.
The impurities, especially Fe, have strong influence on the formation and development of the cube texture in high purity aluminum. The energy transformation model for the effects of impurities is suggested and implemented with the Monte Carlo method. With establishment of the limit solubilities of Fe in Al at different temperatures, the solid solution and precipitation heat treatment are proposed for strengthening cube texture.
The results calculated by the crystal plasticity model showed that the cube oriented grains have the smallest Taylor factor. The mechanism for strain induced oriented nucleation of the cube texture based on this result is proposed. The techniques for strengthening cube texture by strainanneal treatment is established, which is based on the mechanism of the strain induced cube crystallite nucleation at low temperature and the oriented growth at high temperature. It is showed that the formation and development of the cube texture are strongly influenced by not only the thermodynamics parameters but also the deformation microstructures. For example, stronger initial cube texture, cube-oriented transition band and the cube-oriented fragmented grains in deformation shear bands are beneficial to the cube texture. The techniques for strengthening cube texture are applied to the industrial production, e.g. high temperature hot rolling and pre-annealing, inhomogeneous shear deformation which are proposed in this thesis.
The experimental results revealed that the cube orientation crystallites have higher nucleation rate at low temperature and higher growth rate at high temperature than the others. Both the oriented nucleation at low temperature and the oriented growth at high temperature are suggested and a kinematical model for the oriented nucleation of the cube texture at low temperature is also suggested together with the techniques of strengthening cube texture by two-stage annealing.
The deformation microstructure and texture are strongly controlled by the cold rolling lubrication conditions, by which the cube texture in high purity aluminum foil is also greatly influenced. It is demonstrated that kerosene-lubricated rolling leads to the shear texture component {001}<110>, Cu component {112}<111> and shear deformation band, which are induced by the higher friction coefficient. And all of the above textures and microstructure will favor the formation of cube texture.
Some techniques for strengthening cube texture have been applied to the commercial production of high purity aluminum foil with the volume fraction of 95% of cube texture for high voltage capacitors in one of the famous aluminum fabrication plants in China.
研究表明,杂质元素,尤其是铁元素强烈影响立方织构的形成和发展。本文从再结晶能量转化的角度,建立了微量元素作用下的再结晶能量转化模型;据此进行了Monte Carlo再结晶模拟;并在确立了低浓度铁在铝中溶解度曲线的基础上,提出了溶析热处理强化立方织构的技术。
研究表明,立方取向晶粒具有最小的Taylor因子,在此基础上提出了应变诱发立方取向晶体优先形核机理;结合立方取向晶体择优形核和择优长大的温度相关性,建立了形变热处理强化立方织构的技术。
冷轧润滑条件强烈影响铝箔的组织结构与织构,从而也可控制铝箔立方织构的含量。研究结果表明,由于煤油润滑比机油润滑摩擦系数大,导致轧制过程中产生明显的{001}<110>剪切织构和Cu织构以及形变剪切带,有利于强化立方织构。本文揭示了润滑影响冷轧形变组织及宏观冷轧织构的形成和演变规律,及其对立方织构的影响规律。
研究发现,立方取向晶粒在低的再结晶温度下形核率高于其他取向,而高温时有利于立方取向晶核的择优长大。据此,本文提出了立方取向低温择优形核和高温择优长大的学术观点,建立了立方取向择优形核的动力学模型,并提出了分级退火化高纯铝箔再结晶立方织构的技术。
本文提出的强化立方织构的机理为高压箔的国产化提供了理论依据,所研究的强化立方织构的技术已经在国内某大型铝加工企业推广应用,批量产的高压阳极电容铝箔产品的立方织构含量已经达到95%以上,并实现了规模化批量生产。
The processing of aluminum foil for the anode of high voltage electrolytic capacitors is very difficult, and a lot of high-techniques for the processing have to be mastered skillfully, which will be applied to the aluminum processing, such as casting, rolling, and heat-treatment. More than 95% cube texture in volume will be necessary for enlarging surface of the anode by etching. The foil products can have been produced only in Japan, France, Germany before, and a commercial production has come true in China in the last few years as well. The formation and evolution of cube texture in FCC materials is a very important subject for the scientists and engineers in metallic materials, on which there are many complicated factors that have strong influence on the formation and evolution of cube texture. Ever since the orientation distribution function (ODF) was advanced, although the research of crystallographic texture has made great achievements, including some valuable theories and models, there are still some uncertainties in this field. For the formation mechanism for recrystallization texture, for example, there are still some different kinds of point of view. Howerver, there are no ideas about the details of recrystallization texture formation. What can be done about is no prediction but explanation. Especially in the commercial production of aluminum foil, this problem will become even more complicated.
The impurities, especially Fe, have strong influence on the formation and development of the cube texture in high purity aluminum. The energy transformation model for the effects of impurities is suggested and implemented with the Monte Carlo method. With establishment of the limit solubilities of Fe in Al at different temperatures, the solid solution and precipitation heat treatment are proposed for strengthening cube texture.
The results calculated by the crystal plasticity model showed that the cube oriented grains have the smallest Taylor factor. The mechanism for strain induced oriented nucleation of the cube texture based on this result is proposed. The techniques for strengthening cube texture by strainanneal treatment is established, which is based on the mechanism of the strain induced cube crystallite nucleation at low temperature and the oriented growth at high temperature. It is showed that the formation and development of the cube texture are strongly influenced by not only the thermodynamics parameters but also the deformation microstructures. For example, stronger initial cube texture, cube-oriented transition band and the cube-oriented fragmented grains in deformation shear bands are beneficial to the cube texture. The techniques for strengthening cube texture are applied to the industrial production, e.g. high temperature hot rolling and pre-annealing, inhomogeneous shear deformation which are proposed in this thesis.
The experimental results revealed that the cube orientation crystallites have higher nucleation rate at low temperature and higher growth rate at high temperature than the others. Both the oriented nucleation at low temperature and the oriented growth at high temperature are suggested and a kinematical model for the oriented nucleation of the cube texture at low temperature is also suggested together with the techniques of strengthening cube texture by two-stage annealing.
The deformation microstructure and texture are strongly controlled by the cold rolling lubrication conditions, by which the cube texture in high purity aluminum foil is also greatly influenced. It is demonstrated that kerosene-lubricated rolling leads to the shear texture component {001}<110>, Cu component {112}<111> and shear deformation band, which are induced by the higher friction coefficient. And all of the above textures and microstructure will favor the formation of cube texture.
Some techniques for strengthening cube texture have been applied to the commercial production of high purity aluminum foil with the volume fraction of 95% of cube texture for high voltage capacitors in one of the famous aluminum fabrication plants in China.
引文
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