全相位数字信号处理
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摘要
针对数字信号处理中普遍存在的因序列截断而引起的性能下降问题,本论文提出多种基于“全相位数字信号处理”的改进方法,这些方法涉及数字滤波、频谱分析、信号重构、统计信号处理等领域。
     首先,推导出了任意正交变换下全相位等效FIR滤波器系数的计算通式。并分别用卷积窗频谱函数内插法和循环移位图法推导出了DFT域全相位滤波器的频率响应函数,从而解释了单窗全相位设计法适合于设计频率特性有间断滤波器的原因。并对全相位滤波器的五种等价结构的计算复杂度和灵活性进行了定量分析。
     其次,研究了确定信号经全相位预处理后波形和频谱的变化,以及平稳随机信号经全相位预处理后的均值、方差变化。引入了一种新的“偶对称”频率采样模式,基于此模式形成了双相移组合全相位滤波器设计法和基于幅频特性补偿的全相位滤波器设计法。将频率响应屏蔽技术与基于偶对称频率采样的全相位滤波结合起来,解决了原型滤波器和屏蔽滤波器间的交界频带控制问题,并完成了陷波频率点可任意平移的陷波器设计。针对传统离散傅氏重构法的波形失真大和存在Gibbs效应的缺陷,提出了全相位傅氏重构法,并指出全相位傅氏重构和全相位FIR滤波设计实际上是统一的,都反映了全相位方法适合于间断信号处理的本质。
     最后,深入研究了全相位FFT谱分析的内在机理,提出并证明了由两个子谱自适应调节全相位FFT谱分析性能的观点。发现了全相位FFT谱分析的四个基本性质,对单频复指数序列的全相位FFT谱幅值和传统FFT谱幅值间的平方关系和“相位不变性”给予了严格证明。详细介绍了多种基于全相位FFT谱分析的频谱校正法,其中以全相位时移相位差法的校正精度最高。将全相位FFT谱分析及其频谱校正法应用到了相位计的设计、微弱信号检测、电力系统谐波分析、雷达测速、激光波长测量等领域。
In order to solve the problem of performance degradation which arises from sequence truncation in many digital signal processing occasions, this dissertation proposes a lot of improved methods based on‘all-phase digital signal processing’, involving the fields of digital filtering, spectrum analysis, signal reconstruction and statistical signal processing etc.
     Firstly, the general calculating formula for the coefficients of all-phase equivalent FIR filter under arbitrary orthogonal transform is deduced. And the interpolation method based on convolution-window’s spectrum function and cyclic shift figure method are respectively applied to deduce the frequency response function of all-phase filter in DFT domain, which can interpret the reason that all-phase design method with single window is fit to design those filters with discontinuous frequency character. Moreover, quantitative analysis on the computation complexity and flexibility of all-phase filter’s 5 equivalent structures is given in details.
     Secondly, both the changes of determined signal’s waveform & spectrum and the changes of stationary random signal’s mean value & variance after all-phase pre-processing are studied. And a novel‘even symmetric’frequency sampling mode is introduced. By this mode, two kinds of all-phase filter design methods based on double phase-shifting combination and frequency character compensation are respectively proposed. In addition, the technique of frequency response masking and the technique of all-phase filtering based on even symmetric frequency sampling are incorporated, so the problem of controlling boundary frequency bands is solved. Moreover, the notch filter whose notch frequency point can be shifted arbitrarily is successfully designed. To overcome the deficiencies of big waveform distortion and Gibbs effect in conventional discrete Fourier reconstruction, a novel all-phase Fourier reconstruction algorithm is proposed. It is also pointed that the all-phase Fourier reconstruction and all-phase FIR filter design are uniform indeed.Both of them reflect that all-phase method is fit to discontinuous signal’s processing.
     Lastly, the mechanism of all-phase FFT (apFFT) spectrum analysis is deeply studied. The viewpoint that 2 sub-spectrums can adaptively adjust the performance of apFFT’s spectrum is proposed and proved. Four basic properties of apFFT spectrum analysis are discovered, among which the property of square relation between the apFFT spectrum amplitude and the conventional FFT spectrum amplitude for single-frequency complex exponential sequence as well as the property of‘phase invariant’are strictly proved. Several correcting spectrum methods based on apFFT are expatiated, among which all-phase time-shifting phase difference correcting method has the highest precision. This paper also applies apFFT and the corresponding correcting spectrum methods into many aspects such as phase meter design, feeble signal detection, harmonic analysis of power system, radar velocity measuring,laser wavelength measuring etc.
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