系统备件储备量设置方法的研究
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摘要
在当前的市场经济条件下,企业之间的竞争更加激烈,尤其中国加入WTO后,市场竞争更加残酷,要求更高、更具体,因此,严格控制备件资金占用,用最经济的费用达到确保设备安全、稳定和持续运转,保证生产正常进行,提高企业经济效益是备件管理工作的宗旨。
企业在使用设备过程中,为了保证设备的正常运转,需要制定维修计划,需要对备件的采购和储备进行决策。尤其是在企业购买设备的昂贵部件时,经常同时也以优惠价格买下备件,需要确定采购多少备件,保持什么样的备件库存水平,对备件储备进行正确决策。合理的备件储备是现代企业管理中的一个重要课题。合理的库存储备能在保证设备正常运转的前提下,降低库存,加速资金周转,减少流动资金占用,从而提高企业经济效益。
本文主要针对具有串联结构的系统昂贵备件储备量设置进行研究。基于已有备件库存理论及系统运行可靠性的研究,本文对与系统运行可靠性有关的影响因素进行了分析。然后本文给出了在已知系统连续运行时间的情况下和备件存贮所需总成本一定情况下,系统备件储备量的配置问题,并建立了单目标数学模型。接着本文综合考虑了系统运行时间、备件设置总费用两个目标函数,给出了基于可靠性的备件储备量设置的多目标优化模型,并给出了求解模型的遗传算法。最后,应用数值仿真的方法对备件设置的多目标决策进行了求解。
In the current market economy, the competition between the enterprises becomes more and more acute, especially after China enter WTO. The market competition becomes more furious and higher, so the cost of spare parts must be controlled strictly. The most economical effect keeps the equipment safely and stably running, and keeps production being on the rails. It is the tenet of spare parts management that to enhance the economical benefit of enterprises.
The enterprises need to institute the maintenance plan and do thedecision-making of the stock and storage of the spare parts in process of using the equipment. When the enterprises purchase the valuable parts, they usually buy the spare parts. So it needs to confirm the amount of the spare parts to be stocked and keep the appropriate storage of the spare parts. It needs the right decision-making. It is an import problem to have a logical storage of the spare parts for the enterprises management. The logical storage of the spare parts can reduce the stock and accelerate the fund turnover. So it improves the economy benefit of the enterprise.
The paper mainly makes research on how to set up the reserves of costly spare parts in series. Based on the present inventory theory of spare parts and the reliability theory, the paper analyses the relational factors of the system reliability. With the conditions of the determinate runtime and the determinate cost of spare parts, the paper studies the spare parts collocation and put forward the mathematics model with odd object. After, according to the determinate runtime and the determinate cost of spare parts, there is given the multi-object optimization model of the spare parts collocation based on the reliability. The solution of the spare parts optimization model is discussed using a genetic algorithm. Finally, the discussion about the multi-object optimization model of the spare parts collocation is given using the method of numerical simulation.
企业在使用设备过程中,为了保证设备的正常运转,需要制定维修计划,需要对备件的采购和储备进行决策。尤其是在企业购买设备的昂贵部件时,经常同时也以优惠价格买下备件,需要确定采购多少备件,保持什么样的备件库存水平,对备件储备进行正确决策。合理的备件储备是现代企业管理中的一个重要课题。合理的库存储备能在保证设备正常运转的前提下,降低库存,加速资金周转,减少流动资金占用,从而提高企业经济效益。
本文主要针对具有串联结构的系统昂贵备件储备量设置进行研究。基于已有备件库存理论及系统运行可靠性的研究,本文对与系统运行可靠性有关的影响因素进行了分析。然后本文给出了在已知系统连续运行时间的情况下和备件存贮所需总成本一定情况下,系统备件储备量的配置问题,并建立了单目标数学模型。接着本文综合考虑了系统运行时间、备件设置总费用两个目标函数,给出了基于可靠性的备件储备量设置的多目标优化模型,并给出了求解模型的遗传算法。最后,应用数值仿真的方法对备件设置的多目标决策进行了求解。
In the current market economy, the competition between the enterprises becomes more and more acute, especially after China enter WTO. The market competition becomes more furious and higher, so the cost of spare parts must be controlled strictly. The most economical effect keeps the equipment safely and stably running, and keeps production being on the rails. It is the tenet of spare parts management that to enhance the economical benefit of enterprises.
The enterprises need to institute the maintenance plan and do thedecision-making of the stock and storage of the spare parts in process of using the equipment. When the enterprises purchase the valuable parts, they usually buy the spare parts. So it needs to confirm the amount of the spare parts to be stocked and keep the appropriate storage of the spare parts. It needs the right decision-making. It is an import problem to have a logical storage of the spare parts for the enterprises management. The logical storage of the spare parts can reduce the stock and accelerate the fund turnover. So it improves the economy benefit of the enterprise.
The paper mainly makes research on how to set up the reserves of costly spare parts in series. Based on the present inventory theory of spare parts and the reliability theory, the paper analyses the relational factors of the system reliability. With the conditions of the determinate runtime and the determinate cost of spare parts, the paper studies the spare parts collocation and put forward the mathematics model with odd object. After, according to the determinate runtime and the determinate cost of spare parts, there is given the multi-object optimization model of the spare parts collocation based on the reliability. The solution of the spare parts optimization model is discussed using a genetic algorithm. Finally, the discussion about the multi-object optimization model of the spare parts collocation is given using the method of numerical simulation.
引文
1 赵敏.备件的库存模式与控制策略研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2004
2 AllenS.G..,D.A.D'esopo.An ordering policy for repairable stock items [J].Operations Research,1968,16(3):482-489
3 Cohen M.A.,P.R.Kleindorfer,H.Lee,D.Pyke.Multi-item service constrained (s,S)policy for spare parts logistics system[J].Naval Research Logistics,1992,39:561-577
4 Moore R.Establishing an inventory management program[J].Plant Engineering,1996,50(3):113-116
5 R.Dekker,M.J.Kleijn and P.J.de Rooij.A spare parts stocking policy based on equipment criticality.International Journal of Production Economics 1998:69-77 Volumes 56-57,20 September 1998,Pages 69-77
6 Marcello Braglia,Andrea Grassi and Roberto Montanari.Multi-attribute classification method for spare parts inventory management[J].Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,2004,Volume 10,Number1:55-65
7 张世建,杜洪兴等.冶金企业备件ABC分类管理模式的研究与应用[J].冶金设备.2006年02期
8 梁广涛,王天虹.备件库存分类方法探讨[J].建设机械技术与管理.1995年05期
9 郭智敏.备件库存控制方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.2003年11期
10 崔南方,罗雪.维修备件基于AHP的ABC分类模型[J].工业工程与管理.2004年06期
11 P Flint.Too much of a good thing.Better inventory management could save the industry millions while improving reliability[J].Air Transport World,1995,(32):103-106
12 Gupta V,TRao.On the M/G/1 machine interference model with Spares[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1996,89:164-171
13 曲立,张群.备件库存管理综述[J].实验室研究与探索.2006年07期
14 Kamath K.Rajashree,T.P.M.Pakkala.A Bayesian approach to a dynamic inventory model under an unknown demand distribution[J].Computers&Operations Research,2002,29:403-422
15 A.A.Ghobbar,C.H.Friend.Sources of intermittent demand for aircraft spare parts within airline operations[J].Journal of Air Transpo Management,2002,8:221-231
16 鲍敬源,王航宇,刘忠.装备维修中备件需求率的预计方法.海军工程大学学报.2003
17 赵惠文,王金干,朱根标.基于贝叶斯的航材后续备件预测模型.微电子学与计算机.2004年09期
18 Kostas-Platon Aronis,Ioulia Magou,Rommert Dekker,George Tagaras.Inventory control of spare parts using a Bayesian approach:a Case study[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154:730-739
19 L.MannJr.Toward.A systematic maintenance program[J].TheJournal of Industrial Engineering,1966,17(9):461-473
20 Pierskalla,W.P.,Voelker,J.A.A survey of maintainance models:the control and surveillance of deteriorating systems[J].Naval Research Logistics Quarterly,1976,23:353 - 388
21 Jeffery K.Cochran,Theodore P.Lewis.Computing small-feet aircraft availabilities including redundancy and spares.Computers & Operations Research,2002,5:529-540
22 张金隆,陈涛,王林,鲍玉昆.基于备件需求优先级的随机库存控制模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2003年06期
23 王强等.某型飞机维修备件储备量决策分析[C].空军工程大学学报.2002
24 W k Haneveld,R H Teunter.Optimal provisioning strategies for slow moving spare parts with small lead times[J].Joumal of Operational Research Society,1997,(48):184-194
25 Cohen M.A.,P.R.Kleindorfer,H.Lee,D.Pyke.Multi-item service constrained (s,S)policy for spare parts logistics system[J].Naval Research Logistics, 1992,39:561-577
26 Sherbrooke,C.C.METRIC:a multi-echelon technique for recoverable Item control[J].Operations Research,1968,16:122-141
27 Koen Cobbaert,Dirk Van Qudheusden.Inventory models for fast moving spare parts subject to "sudden death" obsolescence.International Journal of Production Economics,1996,3:239-248
28 Petrovic,D.,Petrovic,R.SPARTA Ⅱ:further development in an expert system for advising on stocks of spare parts[J].International Journal of Production Economics,1992,24(3):291-31
29 Volker Buhring,Klaus-Dieter Uhlemann and Klaus Wilhelm.Computer-aided disposition of the reserve of spare parts.Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1990,13:133-137
30 Marcelo B.Rodrigues,Mario Karpowicz,Keebom Kang.A readiness analysis for the argentine air force and the Brazilian navy a-4 fleet via consolidated logistics support.Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference
31 张怀亮,卜英勇.基于安全性的特种设备维修策略研究.工业安全与环保.2004年04期
32 朱一飞,黄国策.备件储备量的马尔可夫决策模型研究[C].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).2001年,第2卷第2期
33 白礼常,任隆育.现代库存控制技术[M].北京:物资出版社,1984,10-24
34 黄洁纲.生产库存管理及其应用[M].上海:上海科技技术文献出版社,1984,26-40
35 孙冬如.现代库存控制方法研究及其应用[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2002
36 黄俊.基于可靠性的民机备件支援及其软件系统[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2006
37 汪平山.浅谈备件管理的作用及如何强化备件管理[J].南方钢铁.1999(02)
38 沈波,陈维奇.备品备件资金管理亟待改善[J].辽宁财税.1999
39 李武胜.备件需求预测技术综述[J].物流技术.2007年第26卷第8期
40 徐晓燕.一种基于需求特性分类的备件库存管理方法及其实证研究[J].系 统工程理论与实践,2006
41 单志伟,刘福胜.备品备件需求确定方法探讨[C].北京:装甲兵工程学院学报.2005年03期
42 金锡万,包菊芳,方承武等.备件库存ABC分类法研究[C].华东冶金学院学报.1997,14(1):60-64
43 庄鹏.机床备件ABC分类计算机辅助管理系统[J].厦门科技,1996(03):18
44 屈滋培.可靠性工程[M].北京:原子能出版社,2000
45 徐久军,严志军,朱新河.机械可靠件与维修性[M].大连海事大学出版社,2000
46 章国栋.系统可靠性与维修性的分析与设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1990
47 刘福胜,曹军海等.使用与维修工作分析与保障资源需求确定[C].装甲兵工程学院学报.2001年01期
48 黄玉衍.系统可靠性实用计算方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:52-55
49 李宗平,杜文,刘海燕.基于可靠性的系统备件储备量设置方法的研究.物流技术.2001年02期
50 Coello Carlos A.A comprehensive survey of evolutionary-based multiobjective optimization techniques.Knowledge and Information Systems,1999,1(3):269-308
51 胡毓达.实用多目标最优化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990
52 B L Amstadler.Reliability Mathematics[M].北京:科学出版社,1978,34-41
53 刘树安,尹新,郑秉霖,王梦光.二层线性规划问题的遗传算法求解[C].系统工程学报.1999
2 AllenS.G..,D.A.D'esopo.An ordering policy for repairable stock items [J].Operations Research,1968,16(3):482-489
3 Cohen M.A.,P.R.Kleindorfer,H.Lee,D.Pyke.Multi-item service constrained (s,S)policy for spare parts logistics system[J].Naval Research Logistics,1992,39:561-577
4 Moore R.Establishing an inventory management program[J].Plant Engineering,1996,50(3):113-116
5 R.Dekker,M.J.Kleijn and P.J.de Rooij.A spare parts stocking policy based on equipment criticality.International Journal of Production Economics 1998:69-77 Volumes 56-57,20 September 1998,Pages 69-77
6 Marcello Braglia,Andrea Grassi and Roberto Montanari.Multi-attribute classification method for spare parts inventory management[J].Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,2004,Volume 10,Number1:55-65
7 张世建,杜洪兴等.冶金企业备件ABC分类管理模式的研究与应用[J].冶金设备.2006年02期
8 梁广涛,王天虹.备件库存分类方法探讨[J].建设机械技术与管理.1995年05期
9 郭智敏.备件库存控制方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.2003年11期
10 崔南方,罗雪.维修备件基于AHP的ABC分类模型[J].工业工程与管理.2004年06期
11 P Flint.Too much of a good thing.Better inventory management could save the industry millions while improving reliability[J].Air Transport World,1995,(32):103-106
12 Gupta V,TRao.On the M/G/1 machine interference model with Spares[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1996,89:164-171
13 曲立,张群.备件库存管理综述[J].实验室研究与探索.2006年07期
14 Kamath K.Rajashree,T.P.M.Pakkala.A Bayesian approach to a dynamic inventory model under an unknown demand distribution[J].Computers&Operations Research,2002,29:403-422
15 A.A.Ghobbar,C.H.Friend.Sources of intermittent demand for aircraft spare parts within airline operations[J].Journal of Air Transpo Management,2002,8:221-231
16 鲍敬源,王航宇,刘忠.装备维修中备件需求率的预计方法.海军工程大学学报.2003
17 赵惠文,王金干,朱根标.基于贝叶斯的航材后续备件预测模型.微电子学与计算机.2004年09期
18 Kostas-Platon Aronis,Ioulia Magou,Rommert Dekker,George Tagaras.Inventory control of spare parts using a Bayesian approach:a Case study[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154:730-739
19 L.MannJr.Toward.A systematic maintenance program[J].TheJournal of Industrial Engineering,1966,17(9):461-473
20 Pierskalla,W.P.,Voelker,J.A.A survey of maintainance models:the control and surveillance of deteriorating systems[J].Naval Research Logistics Quarterly,1976,23:353 - 388
21 Jeffery K.Cochran,Theodore P.Lewis.Computing small-feet aircraft availabilities including redundancy and spares.Computers & Operations Research,2002,5:529-540
22 张金隆,陈涛,王林,鲍玉昆.基于备件需求优先级的随机库存控制模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2003年06期
23 王强等.某型飞机维修备件储备量决策分析[C].空军工程大学学报.2002
24 W k Haneveld,R H Teunter.Optimal provisioning strategies for slow moving spare parts with small lead times[J].Joumal of Operational Research Society,1997,(48):184-194
25 Cohen M.A.,P.R.Kleindorfer,H.Lee,D.Pyke.Multi-item service constrained (s,S)policy for spare parts logistics system[J].Naval Research Logistics, 1992,39:561-577
26 Sherbrooke,C.C.METRIC:a multi-echelon technique for recoverable Item control[J].Operations Research,1968,16:122-141
27 Koen Cobbaert,Dirk Van Qudheusden.Inventory models for fast moving spare parts subject to "sudden death" obsolescence.International Journal of Production Economics,1996,3:239-248
28 Petrovic,D.,Petrovic,R.SPARTA Ⅱ:further development in an expert system for advising on stocks of spare parts[J].International Journal of Production Economics,1992,24(3):291-31
29 Volker Buhring,Klaus-Dieter Uhlemann and Klaus Wilhelm.Computer-aided disposition of the reserve of spare parts.Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1990,13:133-137
30 Marcelo B.Rodrigues,Mario Karpowicz,Keebom Kang.A readiness analysis for the argentine air force and the Brazilian navy a-4 fleet via consolidated logistics support.Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference
31 张怀亮,卜英勇.基于安全性的特种设备维修策略研究.工业安全与环保.2004年04期
32 朱一飞,黄国策.备件储备量的马尔可夫决策模型研究[C].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).2001年,第2卷第2期
33 白礼常,任隆育.现代库存控制技术[M].北京:物资出版社,1984,10-24
34 黄洁纲.生产库存管理及其应用[M].上海:上海科技技术文献出版社,1984,26-40
35 孙冬如.现代库存控制方法研究及其应用[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2002
36 黄俊.基于可靠性的民机备件支援及其软件系统[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2006
37 汪平山.浅谈备件管理的作用及如何强化备件管理[J].南方钢铁.1999(02)
38 沈波,陈维奇.备品备件资金管理亟待改善[J].辽宁财税.1999
39 李武胜.备件需求预测技术综述[J].物流技术.2007年第26卷第8期
40 徐晓燕.一种基于需求特性分类的备件库存管理方法及其实证研究[J].系 统工程理论与实践,2006
41 单志伟,刘福胜.备品备件需求确定方法探讨[C].北京:装甲兵工程学院学报.2005年03期
42 金锡万,包菊芳,方承武等.备件库存ABC分类法研究[C].华东冶金学院学报.1997,14(1):60-64
43 庄鹏.机床备件ABC分类计算机辅助管理系统[J].厦门科技,1996(03):18
44 屈滋培.可靠性工程[M].北京:原子能出版社,2000
45 徐久军,严志军,朱新河.机械可靠件与维修性[M].大连海事大学出版社,2000
46 章国栋.系统可靠性与维修性的分析与设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1990
47 刘福胜,曹军海等.使用与维修工作分析与保障资源需求确定[C].装甲兵工程学院学报.2001年01期
48 黄玉衍.系统可靠性实用计算方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:52-55
49 李宗平,杜文,刘海燕.基于可靠性的系统备件储备量设置方法的研究.物流技术.2001年02期
50 Coello Carlos A.A comprehensive survey of evolutionary-based multiobjective optimization techniques.Knowledge and Information Systems,1999,1(3):269-308
51 胡毓达.实用多目标最优化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990
52 B L Amstadler.Reliability Mathematics[M].北京:科学出版社,1978,34-41
53 刘树安,尹新,郑秉霖,王梦光.二层线性规划问题的遗传算法求解[C].系统工程学报.1999