龙湾区DMF大气环境承载力研究
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摘要
本论文选取DMF作为指标对温州龙湾区大气环境承载力进行分析。通过对龙湾区DMF大气环境承载力的研究,了解现有治理措施下大气环境对PU合成革工业的支持程度及企业进一步发展所应采取的措施。
通过对典型PU合成革生产工艺和现有治理措施的调查,得到现有治理措施下PU合成革企业一条生产线DMF排放量为28.67t/a,仅为原有排放量的15.56%,整个区域DMF排放量下降至3507.77t/a。PU合成革企业的DMF排放量在29.2t/a至146.0t/a之间,排放量在50t-90t/a之间的企业占总数的76.4%。DMF随空间变化浓度分布差异很大,根据PU合成革企业的生产规模及污染源地理坐标,建立基于微观GIS的DMF排放清单。
运用适应性调整后的AERMOD模拟研究区域的DMF时空浓度分布,由结果可知龙湾区确实存在厂界无组织排放浓度达标但是由于DMF扩散时相互叠加导致一些居住区超标的现象,因此选取厂界和居住区为控制点实行不同的浓度标准,并以此求得的DMF实际环境容量作为研究环境承载力的依据。经过源强的不断调整和反复试算,得到龙湾区DMF实际大气环境容量为2780.74t/a。
以DMF实际大气容量的80%作为大气环境承载力阈值,可得现有治理措施下整个区域的大气环境承载率为1.58,各区域环境承载率由大到小依次为区域Ⅰ>区域Ⅳ>整个区域>区域Ⅲ>区域Ⅱ,且各区域的环境承载率都大于1,尤其是区域Ⅰ,其环境承载率高达6.70。通过对四个区域环境承载率变化的分析可得,区域Ⅰ承载率超标现象严重,对其的管理要从调整产业布局或采用新工艺等增大区域环境承载力的措施作为根本,对于其他区域的管理则可以根据实际情况选择合适的方案,最终使龙湾区的PU合成革产业走上经济与环境协调发展的可持续道路。
Taking DMF as an index to evaluate atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of Longwan in Wenzhou. The aim was to understand extent of support from atmospheric environment under existing reduction measures to PU synthetic leather industry and further development measures which should be taken.
By investigating typical PU synthetic leather production processes and existing control measures, DMF emissions in a manufacturing process were 28.67t/a, only accounting for 15.56% of original ones, and emissions of whole area were 3507.77t/a. DMF emissions of PU synthetic leather factories were between 29.2t/a to 146.0t/a, the factories with emissions from 50t/a to 90t/a were accounting for 76.4% of all. For DMF distribution concentrations varied with a small scale, it was tried to use microcosmic level GIS to establish DMF emission inventories according to production scales and pollution source space distributions of PU synthetic leather factories.
Adopted AERMOD was applied to simulate temporal and spatial distribution concentrations of DMF in Longwan. Results showed that it existed phenomenon that DMF concentrations of some residential areas exceeded corresponding standard for superposition while ones of factory bounds met corresponding standard. So actual atmospheric environmental capacity of Longwan was calculated with different types of standards between residential areas and factory bounds, and the value was used to judge atmospheric environmental carrying capacity. By constant adjustments and repeated simulations, the value of actual atmospheric environmental capacity of DMF in Longwan was 2780.74t/a.
Taking 80% of DMF actual atmospheric environmental capacity as threshold value of atmospheric environmental carrying capacity. Atmospheric environmental carrying capacity rate of whole area was 1.58, the ones of different areas decreased in the following oder:areaⅠ> areaⅣ> whole area > areaⅢ> areaⅡ, the rates were all more than 1, especially areaⅠwith rate of 6.70.The DMF emissions of areaⅠ exceeded permit ones seriously, so it was suggested to adjust existing industry layout or take new technologies to enlarge the environmental carrying capacity as radical management measures. Other areas could choose appropriate solutions to management according to actual conditions. Leading PU synthetic leather industry of Longwan to an economic and environmental sustainable development way finally.
通过对典型PU合成革生产工艺和现有治理措施的调查,得到现有治理措施下PU合成革企业一条生产线DMF排放量为28.67t/a,仅为原有排放量的15.56%,整个区域DMF排放量下降至3507.77t/a。PU合成革企业的DMF排放量在29.2t/a至146.0t/a之间,排放量在50t-90t/a之间的企业占总数的76.4%。DMF随空间变化浓度分布差异很大,根据PU合成革企业的生产规模及污染源地理坐标,建立基于微观GIS的DMF排放清单。
运用适应性调整后的AERMOD模拟研究区域的DMF时空浓度分布,由结果可知龙湾区确实存在厂界无组织排放浓度达标但是由于DMF扩散时相互叠加导致一些居住区超标的现象,因此选取厂界和居住区为控制点实行不同的浓度标准,并以此求得的DMF实际环境容量作为研究环境承载力的依据。经过源强的不断调整和反复试算,得到龙湾区DMF实际大气环境容量为2780.74t/a。
以DMF实际大气容量的80%作为大气环境承载力阈值,可得现有治理措施下整个区域的大气环境承载率为1.58,各区域环境承载率由大到小依次为区域Ⅰ>区域Ⅳ>整个区域>区域Ⅲ>区域Ⅱ,且各区域的环境承载率都大于1,尤其是区域Ⅰ,其环境承载率高达6.70。通过对四个区域环境承载率变化的分析可得,区域Ⅰ承载率超标现象严重,对其的管理要从调整产业布局或采用新工艺等增大区域环境承载力的措施作为根本,对于其他区域的管理则可以根据实际情况选择合适的方案,最终使龙湾区的PU合成革产业走上经济与环境协调发展的可持续道路。
Taking DMF as an index to evaluate atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of Longwan in Wenzhou. The aim was to understand extent of support from atmospheric environment under existing reduction measures to PU synthetic leather industry and further development measures which should be taken.
By investigating typical PU synthetic leather production processes and existing control measures, DMF emissions in a manufacturing process were 28.67t/a, only accounting for 15.56% of original ones, and emissions of whole area were 3507.77t/a. DMF emissions of PU synthetic leather factories were between 29.2t/a to 146.0t/a, the factories with emissions from 50t/a to 90t/a were accounting for 76.4% of all. For DMF distribution concentrations varied with a small scale, it was tried to use microcosmic level GIS to establish DMF emission inventories according to production scales and pollution source space distributions of PU synthetic leather factories.
Adopted AERMOD was applied to simulate temporal and spatial distribution concentrations of DMF in Longwan. Results showed that it existed phenomenon that DMF concentrations of some residential areas exceeded corresponding standard for superposition while ones of factory bounds met corresponding standard. So actual atmospheric environmental capacity of Longwan was calculated with different types of standards between residential areas and factory bounds, and the value was used to judge atmospheric environmental carrying capacity. By constant adjustments and repeated simulations, the value of actual atmospheric environmental capacity of DMF in Longwan was 2780.74t/a.
Taking 80% of DMF actual atmospheric environmental capacity as threshold value of atmospheric environmental carrying capacity. Atmospheric environmental carrying capacity rate of whole area was 1.58, the ones of different areas decreased in the following oder:areaⅠ> areaⅣ> whole area > areaⅢ> areaⅡ, the rates were all more than 1, especially areaⅠwith rate of 6.70.The DMF emissions of areaⅠ exceeded permit ones seriously, so it was suggested to adjust existing industry layout or take new technologies to enlarge the environmental carrying capacity as radical management measures. Other areas could choose appropriate solutions to management according to actual conditions. Leading PU synthetic leather industry of Longwan to an economic and environmental sustainable development way finally.
引文
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