瓜蚜侵染对黄瓜叶片次生代谢物质及相关酶活性的影响
|
摘要
瓜蚜是黄瓜最主要害虫之一,生产上以化学防治为主,既增加了生产成本,又增加了产品农药残留,并加重了环境污染,培育抗蚜品种是解决这一难题的根本措施。本文以普通型有毛黄瓜及其无毛突变体,以及二者杂交后代为研究对象,利用黄瓜材料对瓜蚜抗性能力差异,研究了黄瓜的的抗性差异与其叶片次生代谢物质含量及相关酶活性变化规律的关系,旨在探索黄瓜对瓜蚜的生理生化抗性机理,为进一步开展相关研究奠定基础,并为生产上选育抗蚜品种提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
1使用田间自然侵染调查法对3个黄瓜材料进行抗蚜性鉴定,证明无毛黄瓜为高抗材料,有毛黄瓜为高感材料,F1黄瓜抗性界于二者之间。
2受瓜蚜侵染诱导,三种黄瓜材料叶片代谢相关酶活性有不同程度的上升。与感蚜材料相比,抗蚜材料上升快,峰值高,防御反应及时有效。这种诱导抗蚜性强弱在不同基因型间存在差异。未受瓜蚜危害时,抗、感蚜类型酶活性无明显差异;瓜蚜危害胁迫黄瓜酶活性升高,抗蚜类型受到瓜蚜危害诱导所产生的酶活性比感蚜类型高。SOD和CAT对抗蚜也起到一定防御性作用。无毛黄瓜和F1黄瓜PPO和PAL活性始终高于有毛黄瓜,无毛和有毛黄瓜幼苗POD和PPO活性均表现先上升后下降的趋势。由此可见,PAL和PPO活性变化与黄瓜抗蚜性密切相关,均可作为黄瓜抗蚜性鉴定的生化指标。
3受瓜蚜侵染诱导,三种黄瓜材料叶片次生代谢物质含量有不同程度的上升。三种黄瓜材料木质素、类黄酮含量变化均表现先上升后下降的趋势,单宁和总酚含量变化表现为交替的上升下降。接种瓜蚜后,无毛黄瓜幼苗的木质素比F1黄瓜和有毛黄瓜分别高14.3%和128.5%。总酚积累量无毛黄瓜比有毛黄瓜和F1黄瓜分别高24.2%和4.9%;F1黄瓜类黄酮和单宁积累量最高。三种黄瓜材料单宁的积累量比较接近。由此可见,在瓜蚜刺吸危害过程中,木质素、总酚含量变化与黄瓜抗蚜性密切相关。而类黄酮和单宁含量变化与黄瓜抗蚜性关系不大。
4受瓜蚜侵染诱导,F2代黄瓜材料叶片次生代谢物质含量有不同程度的上升。F2代无毛材料和有毛材料的总酚、类黄酮和单宁含量表现为先上升后下降的趋势。F2代黄瓜次生代谢物变化规律与亲本相似。相比F2代有毛材料,F2代无毛材料表现出抗蚜优势,总酚、类黄酮和单宁的积累量分别高42.8%,30.3%,11.1%。由此可见,在瓜蚜危害过程中,黄瓜抗蚜性与总酚含量变化密切相关,而与类黄酮和单宁关系不大。
Melon aphid is one of the main pests of cucumber. Chemical control is a major measure on production, it not only increases the cost of production and product residue, but also pollutes the environment , so it is very important to breed new cultivar which can resist to aphid.Glabrous cucumber and their hybrid were used to compare their different resistant abilities to aphid. The relationship between the secondary metabolites and several correlative enzymes of leaves were studied. This study will lay a foundation for the further study and provide information for the selection and breeding of new cultivar. It also can provide a theory for studying resistance to aphids. The main results were as follows:
1 A natural field survey was carried out on three cucumber materials to compare their resistance to aphid. Glabrous cucumber was a high aphid-resistant material, normal cucumber was a susceptible material, the capacity of F1 to aphid–resistance was between its parents.
2 During the process of invasion by aphid, the activities of metabolism related enzymes increased by in different degrees. Compared with normal cucumber, the activity of aphid-resistance types increased rapidly, and had high peak, its response was rapid too. The strength of induced resistance to aphid was different between the different genotypes. Before infected by aphid, enzymes activity was not significantly different. Enzyme activity was all increased after infected by aphids, and aphid-resistance material had high level of resistance to aphid than susceptible material. The changes of SOD and CAT activity indicated that they had influence on resistance to aphid. PPO and PAL activities on glabrous and F1 were always higher than normal cucumber, and POD, PPO and PAL activity in cucumber seedling leaves increased first and then showed a downward trend. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, PAL and PPO activity in the cucumber were closed related to the aphid-resistance of cucumber, so they can be identified as the chemical indicators.
3 Induced by the melon aphid, the metabolite content increased in different levels. The content of lignin and flavonoids increased first and then showed a downward trend. Tannin and total phenol content expressed as alternating rise and fall. After inoculation of melon aphid, the content of lignin in glabrous cucumber was 14.3%, 128.5% higher than that of F1 cucumber and normal cucumber. The accumulation of total phenols in glabrous cucumber was 24.2%, 4.9% higher than that of normal cucumber and F1 cucumber. The accumulation of flavonoids and tannins in F1 cucumber was higher than the other two materials, while the accumulation of tannins was closer among the three materials. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, lignin and total phenols content in cucumber were closely related to aphid-resistant ability. The content of flavonoids and tannin had little relationship with resistance to aphid.
4 Induced by the melon aphid, the metabolite content increased in different levels of F2 plants. The content of tannin, total phenol and flavonoids increased first and then showed a downward trend, which shows the similar rule as glabrous and normal cucumber. After inoculation of melon aphid, the accumulation of total phenol, flavonoids and tannin in glabrous cucumber of F2 was 42.82%, 30.3%, 11.1%higher than that of normal in F2. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, lignin and total phenols content in the cucumber was closely related to aphid-resistant ability. The content of flavonoids and tannin had little relationship with resistance to aphid.
1使用田间自然侵染调查法对3个黄瓜材料进行抗蚜性鉴定,证明无毛黄瓜为高抗材料,有毛黄瓜为高感材料,F1黄瓜抗性界于二者之间。
2受瓜蚜侵染诱导,三种黄瓜材料叶片代谢相关酶活性有不同程度的上升。与感蚜材料相比,抗蚜材料上升快,峰值高,防御反应及时有效。这种诱导抗蚜性强弱在不同基因型间存在差异。未受瓜蚜危害时,抗、感蚜类型酶活性无明显差异;瓜蚜危害胁迫黄瓜酶活性升高,抗蚜类型受到瓜蚜危害诱导所产生的酶活性比感蚜类型高。SOD和CAT对抗蚜也起到一定防御性作用。无毛黄瓜和F1黄瓜PPO和PAL活性始终高于有毛黄瓜,无毛和有毛黄瓜幼苗POD和PPO活性均表现先上升后下降的趋势。由此可见,PAL和PPO活性变化与黄瓜抗蚜性密切相关,均可作为黄瓜抗蚜性鉴定的生化指标。
3受瓜蚜侵染诱导,三种黄瓜材料叶片次生代谢物质含量有不同程度的上升。三种黄瓜材料木质素、类黄酮含量变化均表现先上升后下降的趋势,单宁和总酚含量变化表现为交替的上升下降。接种瓜蚜后,无毛黄瓜幼苗的木质素比F1黄瓜和有毛黄瓜分别高14.3%和128.5%。总酚积累量无毛黄瓜比有毛黄瓜和F1黄瓜分别高24.2%和4.9%;F1黄瓜类黄酮和单宁积累量最高。三种黄瓜材料单宁的积累量比较接近。由此可见,在瓜蚜刺吸危害过程中,木质素、总酚含量变化与黄瓜抗蚜性密切相关。而类黄酮和单宁含量变化与黄瓜抗蚜性关系不大。
4受瓜蚜侵染诱导,F2代黄瓜材料叶片次生代谢物质含量有不同程度的上升。F2代无毛材料和有毛材料的总酚、类黄酮和单宁含量表现为先上升后下降的趋势。F2代黄瓜次生代谢物变化规律与亲本相似。相比F2代有毛材料,F2代无毛材料表现出抗蚜优势,总酚、类黄酮和单宁的积累量分别高42.8%,30.3%,11.1%。由此可见,在瓜蚜危害过程中,黄瓜抗蚜性与总酚含量变化密切相关,而与类黄酮和单宁关系不大。
Melon aphid is one of the main pests of cucumber. Chemical control is a major measure on production, it not only increases the cost of production and product residue, but also pollutes the environment , so it is very important to breed new cultivar which can resist to aphid.Glabrous cucumber and their hybrid were used to compare their different resistant abilities to aphid. The relationship between the secondary metabolites and several correlative enzymes of leaves were studied. This study will lay a foundation for the further study and provide information for the selection and breeding of new cultivar. It also can provide a theory for studying resistance to aphids. The main results were as follows:
1 A natural field survey was carried out on three cucumber materials to compare their resistance to aphid. Glabrous cucumber was a high aphid-resistant material, normal cucumber was a susceptible material, the capacity of F1 to aphid–resistance was between its parents.
2 During the process of invasion by aphid, the activities of metabolism related enzymes increased by in different degrees. Compared with normal cucumber, the activity of aphid-resistance types increased rapidly, and had high peak, its response was rapid too. The strength of induced resistance to aphid was different between the different genotypes. Before infected by aphid, enzymes activity was not significantly different. Enzyme activity was all increased after infected by aphids, and aphid-resistance material had high level of resistance to aphid than susceptible material. The changes of SOD and CAT activity indicated that they had influence on resistance to aphid. PPO and PAL activities on glabrous and F1 were always higher than normal cucumber, and POD, PPO and PAL activity in cucumber seedling leaves increased first and then showed a downward trend. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, PAL and PPO activity in the cucumber were closed related to the aphid-resistance of cucumber, so they can be identified as the chemical indicators.
3 Induced by the melon aphid, the metabolite content increased in different levels. The content of lignin and flavonoids increased first and then showed a downward trend. Tannin and total phenol content expressed as alternating rise and fall. After inoculation of melon aphid, the content of lignin in glabrous cucumber was 14.3%, 128.5% higher than that of F1 cucumber and normal cucumber. The accumulation of total phenols in glabrous cucumber was 24.2%, 4.9% higher than that of normal cucumber and F1 cucumber. The accumulation of flavonoids and tannins in F1 cucumber was higher than the other two materials, while the accumulation of tannins was closer among the three materials. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, lignin and total phenols content in cucumber were closely related to aphid-resistant ability. The content of flavonoids and tannin had little relationship with resistance to aphid.
4 Induced by the melon aphid, the metabolite content increased in different levels of F2 plants. The content of tannin, total phenol and flavonoids increased first and then showed a downward trend, which shows the similar rule as glabrous and normal cucumber. After inoculation of melon aphid, the accumulation of total phenol, flavonoids and tannin in glabrous cucumber of F2 was 42.82%, 30.3%, 11.1%higher than that of normal in F2. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, lignin and total phenols content in the cucumber was closely related to aphid-resistant ability. The content of flavonoids and tannin had little relationship with resistance to aphid.
引文
曹辰兴,张松,郭红芸,等.黄瓜无毛突变体叶片叶绿体超微结构与光合特性[J].园艺学报,2002,29(2):145-148
曹辰兴,郭红芸.黄瓜突变新类型—无毛黄瓜[J].中国蔬菜, 1999, 4:29
曹海群,岳永德,花日茂等.植物源农药研究进展[J].安徽农业大学学报,2000,27(1):40-44
陈青.几种生化物质与辣椒抗蚜性的相关性[J].园艺学报,2002,29(6):535-536
陈玉惠,叶建仁,魏初奖.松材线虫侵染对马尾松苯丙烷类代谢的影响[J].林业科学,2006,42(2):73-77
程杰山,沈火林,孙秀波.不同硬度辣椒品系果实组织结构观察与细胞壁物质含量测定[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(1):150-156
蔡青年,张青文,高希武.小麦体内次生物质对麦蚜的抗性作用研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(8):913-914
傅长明,黄科林王则奋.植物单宁的性质及应用应用技术企业科技与发展[J].北京:中国林业出版社,2010,22:57
戈峰.昆虫对植物的胁迫作用[C]万方浩.[M].青年生态学者论丛(二).北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1992:87-91
郭衍银,王秀峰,徐坤,等.生姜对南方根结线虫侵染的生理、生化反应.[J].植物病理学报,2005,35 (1):49-54
黄大庄,阎晔辉,张彦广,等.树木单宁含量和抗桑天牛的关系[J].河北省科学院学报, 1996(3):293-295
黄寿山,潘丽群,曾玲.胜红蓟次生物质对小菜蛾田间种群的控制作用[J].植物保护学报2001,28(4):359-360
黄瑞冬,马鸿图,吴琼.高粱抗蚜虫性状与次生代谢物关系的研究[J].沈阳农大学学报,1998,29(4):288-289
何富刚,颜范悦,辛万民.大豆蚜防治适期与防治指标研究[J].植物保护学报,1991,18(2):156-157
韩强.无毛黄瓜抗蚜性机理机制初步研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010:28-29
侯仲娥,温俊宝,夏乃斌.同工酶分析在三种杨树对光肩星天牛抗性上的应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(1):93-94
金庆超,叶华智,张敏.苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与玉米对纹枯病抗性的关系[J].四川农业大学学报,2003,21(2):116-118
孔垂华. 21世纪植物化学生态学前沿领域[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):349-353
陆宴辉,杨益众,印毅.棉花抗蚜性及抗性遗传机制研究进展[J].昆虫知识,2004,41(4):291-294
李斌.单宁—一种植物的次生代谢产物[M].生物学教学,2002,27(12)
李水清,张钟宁.松墨天牛取食和人为损伤对马尾松针叶部分化学物质含量的影响[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(2):95-100
李玉泉,宋占午,金祖荫.朱砂叶螨危害初期豇豆幼苗叶片PPO、PAL及POD的研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):61-67
李润植,毛雪,李彩霞.棉花诱导抗蚜性及次生代谢相关酶活性的关系[J].山西农业大学学报,1998,18(2):165-168
李奕震,易叶华,谢治芳.栗树蚜内酚类物质含量与抗栗瘿峰的关系.[J].华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,24(2):91-92
李彩霞,高丽峰,毛雪.棉花诱导抗蚜性及次生代谢相关酶活性的关系[J].山西农业大学学报,1998,18(3):207-210
刘旭明,杨奇华.棉花抗蚜的生理生化机制及其棉蚜种群数量消长关系的研究[J].植物保护学报,1993,20(1):25-29
刘勇,倪汉祥,孙京瑞.抗虫活性物质的研究与应用前景[J].植物保护,2000,26(5):29-31
刘树生.害虫综合治理面临的机遇、挑战和对策[J].植物保护,2000,26(4):35-38
刘兴平,戈峰,陈春平,等.我国松树诱导抗虫性研究进展[J].林业科学,2003,39(5):119-128
刘伟,薛超彬,张静静.单宁酸对甜菜夜蛾幼虫生长发育及酚氧化酶活性的抑制作用[J].植物资源与环境学报. 2010,19(1):32-37
刘尊英.绿芦笋木质化的生理生化基础及其调控技术研究[D].北京中国农业大学.2009,23-25
骆贵芬,邹艳华,张伟,黄瓜叶片中木质素含量与抗霜霉病的关系[J].吉林农业大学学报,1995,17(2):18-21
孟玲,李保平,王文全.新疆棉花栽培品种对棉蚜抗性及其机制的研究[J].中国棉花,1999,26(2):8-10
彭少麟,南蓬.高等植物中的萜类化合物及其在生态系统中的作用[M].生态学杂志,2002,21(3):33-38
钦俊德.昆虫与植物的关系[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1987:63-66
汤德良,王武刚.棉花对棉虫抗生性的物质基础.[J].世界农业,1993,10:31
石碧,狄莹.植物多酚[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:102
孙达旺,植物单宁化学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1988:1-10
孙萍,郭树平,李海霞.杨树单宁含量与青杨天牛危害的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(5): 51-52
王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸的研究[J].植物生理学报,1982,8(1):35-42
王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸的研究[J].植物生理学报,1982,8(3):237-244
王洪亮,王清连.棉花多酚氧化酶对棉蚜危害的反应[J].河南职技师院学报,2001,29(2):1-2
王朝生,董顺文,辜明芳,等.几种棉花抗虫品系单宁含量分析[J].中国棉花,1987,15(2):22-24
王雅平,吴兆苏,刘伊强.小麦抗赤霉病性的生化研究及其机制的探讨[J].作物学报,1994,20(3):327-333
王琛柱,钦俊德.植物蛋白酶抑制素抗虫作用研究进展[J].昆虫学报,1997,40(2):212-218
吴柜文,陈建峰.植物源农药及其安全性[J].植物保护,2002,28(4):39-41
徐小明,于芹,张晓艳.茄子砧木根系苯丙烷类代谢与抗南方根结线虫水平的关系[J].植物保护学报,2008,35(1):44-46
许宁,陈雪芬,陈华才.茶树品种抗茶橙瘿螨的形态与生化特征[J].茶叶科学,1996,16(2):129-130
许传俊,李玲.蝴蝶兰外植体褐变发生与总酚含量、PPO、POD和PAL的关系[J].园艺学报,2006,33(3):671-673
武予清,郭予元.棉花单宁-黄酮类化合物对棉铃虫的抗性潜力[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):288-289
谢裕红.两色绿刺蛾危害对毛竹单宁、总酚含量的影响[J].华东昆虫学报,2005,14(3):234-237
严林,江小雷,王刚.门源草原毛虫幼虫发育特性的研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(2):116-120
严林,刘长中,吴静.单宁酸对门源草原毛虫生长发育和存活的影响[J].西北农业学报2009,18(4):43-47
尤民生,魏辉.环境保护与害虫持续控制[J].福建农业大学学报,2001,30(3):280-289
尤民生,王海川,扬广.农业害虫的持续控制[J].福建农业大学学报,1999,28(4):434-440
杨顺楷,杨亚力,杨维力.苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL,EC4.3.1.5)反应机理研究新进展[J].生物加工过程,2004,2(4):2-4
朱俊洪,程立生.植物次生性物质与植物抗虫性的关系及其在害虫防治中的应用前景[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2001,7(1):26-32
朱有红,宋佑衡,傅淑云,等译. (海蒂弗斯R,威廉斯PH)[M].植物病理生理学.
张华峰,陈顺立,朱建华,等.松墨天牛为害对马尾松针叶化学成分的影响[J].福建林学院学报,2004,24(1):28-31
邹先伟,蒋志胜.植物源抗蚜活性物质的研究进展[J].农药学学报,2004,6(3):01-07
张永军,郭予元.棉花缩合单宁和Bt杀虫蛋白的交互关系[J].棉花学报,2000,12(6):294-297
张江涛,段光明,于泽英.苯丙氨酸解氨酶与水稻抗稻瘟病的关系[J].植物生理学报,1987,13(6):34-37
张丽,常金华,罗耀武.不同高粱基因型感蚜虫前后POD、PPO、PAL酶活性变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2005,(7):40-42
张玲玲,韩诗畴,李志刚.艳婀珍蝶取食对薇甘菊叶片生理指标的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1330-1336
张瑛,严福顺.虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用[J].昆虫学报,1998,41,(2):204-214
Ayres M P.,Clausen T.P., MacLean S F, et al. Diversity of structure and anti-herbivore activity in condensed tannins [J]. Ecology, 1997, 78:1696-1712
Bate-Smiyh E C. Leucoanthocyanins 3.The nature and systematic distribution of tannins dicotyledonous plant [J].J. Linnean Soc., 1957, 55:669-705
Bate-Smiyh E C.The phenolic constitutions of plants and their taxonomic significance:IDicotyledons [J].J.Linnean Soc., 1962,58:95-173
BaucherM, Halpin C., Petit-ConilM, et al Lignin: genetic engineering and impact on pulping [J]. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2003, 38:305-350
BoerjanW., Ralph J., BaucherM. Lignin biosynthesis[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2003, 54:519-546
Bialczyk J., Lechowski Z, Libik A·The protective action of tannins against glasshouse whitefly in tomato seedlings [J].TheJournal of Agricultura Science,1999, 133(2):197-201
Bernays E.A., Cooper Driver G., Bilgener M. Herbivores and plant tannins[J]. Adv. Ecol.Res., 1989, 19:263-302
Bernays E.A., Chamberlain D. A study of tolerance of ingested tannin in Schistoceraca gregaria [J]. J. Insect Physiol., 1980, 26:415-420
Bernays E.A., Woodhead S. Plant phenols utilized as nu-trients by a phytophagous insect[J]. Science, 1982, 216:201-202
Clausen T.P., Reichardt P B, Bryant J P. Condensed tannins in plant defense: a perspective on classical theories.In Plant Polyphenols: Synthesis, Properties, Significance(R.W. Hemingway and P. E. Lakes eds.)[J]. Plenum Press, New York, 1992, pp. 639-651
Ferrandiz P. R., Gutierrez P. F., Cienciasdla Agriculture, 1986, 27:51-54
Feeny P. Effect of oak leaf tannin on larval growth of thewinter month Operophtera brumata[J]. J. Insect Physi-ol., 1968, 14: 805-817
Feeny P.Inhibitory effect of oak leaf tannins on the hydrolysis of proteins by trypsin[J]. Phytochemistry, 1969, 8:2119-2126
Feeny P. Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter moth caterpillars [J].Ecology, 1970, 51:565-581
Feeny P. The evolution of chemical ecology: contributions from the study of herbivorous insects. In herbivores: Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites.2nded. Vol.Ⅱ(G.A. Rosenthal and M.R. Berenbaum eds.)[J]. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 1992:1-44
Harborne J.B. Flavonoids and the evolution of the Angio-sperms. In Secondary Metabolism and Coevolution (M.Luckner, K. Mothes and L. Nover eds.)[M]. Deutsche Akademicder Naturforscher Leopoldina, Halle, 1976:563-604
Kubo I. New concept to search for alternate insect control agents from plants [M] Rai M, Carp inella M.C. Advances in Phytome dicine (Vo.l3): Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds. Amsterdam Elsevier, 2006: 61-80
Maxwell F.G., Jennings P.R. Breeding Plants Resistence to Insects. New York: [J] AWiley-Interscience Publication, 1980
Lees G.L., Hinks C F, Suttill N H. Condensed tannins in some forage legumes their rolein the improvement of ruminant pasture bloat [J].Basic Life Science, 1992, 59:915
Mauch-Mani B., Slusarenko A.[J] Plant Cell.,1996,8:203-212
Mao A-J, Wang Y-J, Feng L-X, et al. Study on the Relative Biochemical Mechanism Induced by Salicylic Acid Against Phytophthora capsici in Pepper (Capsicum annuum).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin.2005,21(5):211-223
Marfa A. Sancho. Silvia Milrad de Forchetti, Fernado Pliego, Victoriano Valpuestao Miguel A .Quesada. Peroxidase activity and isoenzymes in the culture medium of NaCl adapted tomato suspension cells.Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.1996, 44:161-167
Mote U.N., Dasgupta D R, GangulyA K. Sequential development of deaminases in resistant and susceptible tomato varieties an Journal of Nematology, 1993, 20(2):127-137
Nagesh M., Reddy P.P., Janakiram T., et al Sequential bio-chemical changes in roots of Callistephus chinensis lines resistant and susceptible to Meloidogyne in cognitarace 90[J]. Nematologia Mediterranea, 1999, 27(1):39-42
Hanna Laukkanen, HelyHaggman, SariKontunen2Soppela, AnjaHohtola. Tissue browning of in vitro cultures of Scots pine: Role ofper2oxidase and polyphenol oxidase[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 1999, 106:337-343
Ryan C. A. Oligosaccharide as recognition signals for the expression of defensive genes in plants[J]. Biochemistry, 1988, 27:8879-8883
Rhoades D.F., Cates R G. Toward a general theory of plant anti-herbivore chemistry[J]. Rec. Adv. Phytochem, 1976, 10:168-182
Ryan C. A. Oligosaccharide as recognition signals for the expression of defensive genes in plants[J]. Biochemistry, 1988, 27:8879-8883
Rafi M.M., Zemetra R.S., Quisenberry S.S. Interaction between Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera:Aphididae) and resistance and susceptible genotype of wheat.J. Econ.Entomol, 1996, 89 (1):239-246
Scriber J M, Ayres M P. Leaf chemistry as a defense against insects [J]. Plant Animal Sec., 1988(1):117-123
SchoonhovenLM, JermyT, VanLoonJJA, et al. Plant chemistry: sndless variety.Ininsect-plant biology: from physiology to evolution[M].Chapman&Hall, London,1980:31-82
Schultz J C. Tannin-insect interactions. In Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins (R.W. Hemingway andJ.J.Karchesy eds.)[J].Plenum Press, New York, 1989:417-433
Swain S C, Ganguly A.K., Umarao. Race specific biochemical responses in differential hostsagainst the root-knotnematode, Meloidogyne incognita[J].Indian Journal of Nematology, 2004, 34(1):26-32
Souza E J. Host plant resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in wheat and barley. In Quisenberry S.S.,Peairs F B eds. Proceedings: Response Model for an Introduced Pest-the Russian Wheat Aphid. Maryland: Thomas Say Publi-cations in Entomology,Entomological Society of America,1998,122-147
Unger L.M., Quisenberry S S. Effect of antibiotic plant resisitance on the reproductive fitness of the Russian wheat aphid (Ho-moptera: Aphididae). J.Econ. Entomol, 1997, 90 (6):1 697-1701
WUF Z.,HUANG C.H., ZHAO F Y·Effects of Phenolic Acids on Growth and Activities of Membrance Protective Enzymes of Cucumber Seedlings [J]. Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35 (7):821-825
Yan Lin, Wang Gang, Chang Zhong Liu. Number of Larval Instars and Stadium Duration of Gynaephora menyuanensis (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Qinghai-Ti-betan Plateau in China [J]. Ann. Entomol. Soc., Am., 2006, 96(6):1012-1018
曹辰兴,郭红芸.黄瓜突变新类型—无毛黄瓜[J].中国蔬菜, 1999, 4:29
曹海群,岳永德,花日茂等.植物源农药研究进展[J].安徽农业大学学报,2000,27(1):40-44
陈青.几种生化物质与辣椒抗蚜性的相关性[J].园艺学报,2002,29(6):535-536
陈玉惠,叶建仁,魏初奖.松材线虫侵染对马尾松苯丙烷类代谢的影响[J].林业科学,2006,42(2):73-77
程杰山,沈火林,孙秀波.不同硬度辣椒品系果实组织结构观察与细胞壁物质含量测定[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(1):150-156
蔡青年,张青文,高希武.小麦体内次生物质对麦蚜的抗性作用研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(8):913-914
傅长明,黄科林王则奋.植物单宁的性质及应用应用技术企业科技与发展[J].北京:中国林业出版社,2010,22:57
戈峰.昆虫对植物的胁迫作用[C]万方浩.[M].青年生态学者论丛(二).北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1992:87-91
郭衍银,王秀峰,徐坤,等.生姜对南方根结线虫侵染的生理、生化反应.[J].植物病理学报,2005,35 (1):49-54
黄大庄,阎晔辉,张彦广,等.树木单宁含量和抗桑天牛的关系[J].河北省科学院学报, 1996(3):293-295
黄寿山,潘丽群,曾玲.胜红蓟次生物质对小菜蛾田间种群的控制作用[J].植物保护学报2001,28(4):359-360
黄瑞冬,马鸿图,吴琼.高粱抗蚜虫性状与次生代谢物关系的研究[J].沈阳农大学学报,1998,29(4):288-289
何富刚,颜范悦,辛万民.大豆蚜防治适期与防治指标研究[J].植物保护学报,1991,18(2):156-157
韩强.无毛黄瓜抗蚜性机理机制初步研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010:28-29
侯仲娥,温俊宝,夏乃斌.同工酶分析在三种杨树对光肩星天牛抗性上的应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(1):93-94
金庆超,叶华智,张敏.苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与玉米对纹枯病抗性的关系[J].四川农业大学学报,2003,21(2):116-118
孔垂华. 21世纪植物化学生态学前沿领域[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):349-353
陆宴辉,杨益众,印毅.棉花抗蚜性及抗性遗传机制研究进展[J].昆虫知识,2004,41(4):291-294
李斌.单宁—一种植物的次生代谢产物[M].生物学教学,2002,27(12)
李水清,张钟宁.松墨天牛取食和人为损伤对马尾松针叶部分化学物质含量的影响[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(2):95-100
李玉泉,宋占午,金祖荫.朱砂叶螨危害初期豇豆幼苗叶片PPO、PAL及POD的研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):61-67
李润植,毛雪,李彩霞.棉花诱导抗蚜性及次生代谢相关酶活性的关系[J].山西农业大学学报,1998,18(2):165-168
李奕震,易叶华,谢治芳.栗树蚜内酚类物质含量与抗栗瘿峰的关系.[J].华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,24(2):91-92
李彩霞,高丽峰,毛雪.棉花诱导抗蚜性及次生代谢相关酶活性的关系[J].山西农业大学学报,1998,18(3):207-210
刘旭明,杨奇华.棉花抗蚜的生理生化机制及其棉蚜种群数量消长关系的研究[J].植物保护学报,1993,20(1):25-29
刘勇,倪汉祥,孙京瑞.抗虫活性物质的研究与应用前景[J].植物保护,2000,26(5):29-31
刘树生.害虫综合治理面临的机遇、挑战和对策[J].植物保护,2000,26(4):35-38
刘兴平,戈峰,陈春平,等.我国松树诱导抗虫性研究进展[J].林业科学,2003,39(5):119-128
刘伟,薛超彬,张静静.单宁酸对甜菜夜蛾幼虫生长发育及酚氧化酶活性的抑制作用[J].植物资源与环境学报. 2010,19(1):32-37
刘尊英.绿芦笋木质化的生理生化基础及其调控技术研究[D].北京中国农业大学.2009,23-25
骆贵芬,邹艳华,张伟,黄瓜叶片中木质素含量与抗霜霉病的关系[J].吉林农业大学学报,1995,17(2):18-21
孟玲,李保平,王文全.新疆棉花栽培品种对棉蚜抗性及其机制的研究[J].中国棉花,1999,26(2):8-10
彭少麟,南蓬.高等植物中的萜类化合物及其在生态系统中的作用[M].生态学杂志,2002,21(3):33-38
钦俊德.昆虫与植物的关系[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1987:63-66
汤德良,王武刚.棉花对棉虫抗生性的物质基础.[J].世界农业,1993,10:31
石碧,狄莹.植物多酚[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:102
孙达旺,植物单宁化学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1988:1-10
孙萍,郭树平,李海霞.杨树单宁含量与青杨天牛危害的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(5): 51-52
王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸的研究[J].植物生理学报,1982,8(1):35-42
王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸的研究[J].植物生理学报,1982,8(3):237-244
王洪亮,王清连.棉花多酚氧化酶对棉蚜危害的反应[J].河南职技师院学报,2001,29(2):1-2
王朝生,董顺文,辜明芳,等.几种棉花抗虫品系单宁含量分析[J].中国棉花,1987,15(2):22-24
王雅平,吴兆苏,刘伊强.小麦抗赤霉病性的生化研究及其机制的探讨[J].作物学报,1994,20(3):327-333
王琛柱,钦俊德.植物蛋白酶抑制素抗虫作用研究进展[J].昆虫学报,1997,40(2):212-218
吴柜文,陈建峰.植物源农药及其安全性[J].植物保护,2002,28(4):39-41
徐小明,于芹,张晓艳.茄子砧木根系苯丙烷类代谢与抗南方根结线虫水平的关系[J].植物保护学报,2008,35(1):44-46
许宁,陈雪芬,陈华才.茶树品种抗茶橙瘿螨的形态与生化特征[J].茶叶科学,1996,16(2):129-130
许传俊,李玲.蝴蝶兰外植体褐变发生与总酚含量、PPO、POD和PAL的关系[J].园艺学报,2006,33(3):671-673
武予清,郭予元.棉花单宁-黄酮类化合物对棉铃虫的抗性潜力[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):288-289
谢裕红.两色绿刺蛾危害对毛竹单宁、总酚含量的影响[J].华东昆虫学报,2005,14(3):234-237
严林,江小雷,王刚.门源草原毛虫幼虫发育特性的研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(2):116-120
严林,刘长中,吴静.单宁酸对门源草原毛虫生长发育和存活的影响[J].西北农业学报2009,18(4):43-47
尤民生,魏辉.环境保护与害虫持续控制[J].福建农业大学学报,2001,30(3):280-289
尤民生,王海川,扬广.农业害虫的持续控制[J].福建农业大学学报,1999,28(4):434-440
杨顺楷,杨亚力,杨维力.苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL,EC4.3.1.5)反应机理研究新进展[J].生物加工过程,2004,2(4):2-4
朱俊洪,程立生.植物次生性物质与植物抗虫性的关系及其在害虫防治中的应用前景[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2001,7(1):26-32
朱有红,宋佑衡,傅淑云,等译. (海蒂弗斯R,威廉斯PH)[M].植物病理生理学.
张华峰,陈顺立,朱建华,等.松墨天牛为害对马尾松针叶化学成分的影响[J].福建林学院学报,2004,24(1):28-31
邹先伟,蒋志胜.植物源抗蚜活性物质的研究进展[J].农药学学报,2004,6(3):01-07
张永军,郭予元.棉花缩合单宁和Bt杀虫蛋白的交互关系[J].棉花学报,2000,12(6):294-297
张江涛,段光明,于泽英.苯丙氨酸解氨酶与水稻抗稻瘟病的关系[J].植物生理学报,1987,13(6):34-37
张丽,常金华,罗耀武.不同高粱基因型感蚜虫前后POD、PPO、PAL酶活性变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2005,(7):40-42
张玲玲,韩诗畴,李志刚.艳婀珍蝶取食对薇甘菊叶片生理指标的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1330-1336
张瑛,严福顺.虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用[J].昆虫学报,1998,41,(2):204-214
Ayres M P.,Clausen T.P., MacLean S F, et al. Diversity of structure and anti-herbivore activity in condensed tannins [J]. Ecology, 1997, 78:1696-1712
Bate-Smiyh E C. Leucoanthocyanins 3.The nature and systematic distribution of tannins dicotyledonous plant [J].J. Linnean Soc., 1957, 55:669-705
Bate-Smiyh E C.The phenolic constitutions of plants and their taxonomic significance:IDicotyledons [J].J.Linnean Soc., 1962,58:95-173
BaucherM, Halpin C., Petit-ConilM, et al Lignin: genetic engineering and impact on pulping [J]. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2003, 38:305-350
BoerjanW., Ralph J., BaucherM. Lignin biosynthesis[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2003, 54:519-546
Bialczyk J., Lechowski Z, Libik A·The protective action of tannins against glasshouse whitefly in tomato seedlings [J].TheJournal of Agricultura Science,1999, 133(2):197-201
Bernays E.A., Cooper Driver G., Bilgener M. Herbivores and plant tannins[J]. Adv. Ecol.Res., 1989, 19:263-302
Bernays E.A., Chamberlain D. A study of tolerance of ingested tannin in Schistoceraca gregaria [J]. J. Insect Physiol., 1980, 26:415-420
Bernays E.A., Woodhead S. Plant phenols utilized as nu-trients by a phytophagous insect[J]. Science, 1982, 216:201-202
Clausen T.P., Reichardt P B, Bryant J P. Condensed tannins in plant defense: a perspective on classical theories.In Plant Polyphenols: Synthesis, Properties, Significance(R.W. Hemingway and P. E. Lakes eds.)[J]. Plenum Press, New York, 1992, pp. 639-651
Ferrandiz P. R., Gutierrez P. F., Cienciasdla Agriculture, 1986, 27:51-54
Feeny P. Effect of oak leaf tannin on larval growth of thewinter month Operophtera brumata[J]. J. Insect Physi-ol., 1968, 14: 805-817
Feeny P.Inhibitory effect of oak leaf tannins on the hydrolysis of proteins by trypsin[J]. Phytochemistry, 1969, 8:2119-2126
Feeny P. Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter moth caterpillars [J].Ecology, 1970, 51:565-581
Feeny P. The evolution of chemical ecology: contributions from the study of herbivorous insects. In herbivores: Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites.2nded. Vol.Ⅱ(G.A. Rosenthal and M.R. Berenbaum eds.)[J]. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 1992:1-44
Harborne J.B. Flavonoids and the evolution of the Angio-sperms. In Secondary Metabolism and Coevolution (M.Luckner, K. Mothes and L. Nover eds.)[M]. Deutsche Akademicder Naturforscher Leopoldina, Halle, 1976:563-604
Kubo I. New concept to search for alternate insect control agents from plants [M] Rai M, Carp inella M.C. Advances in Phytome dicine (Vo.l3): Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds. Amsterdam Elsevier, 2006: 61-80
Maxwell F.G., Jennings P.R. Breeding Plants Resistence to Insects. New York: [J] AWiley-Interscience Publication, 1980
Lees G.L., Hinks C F, Suttill N H. Condensed tannins in some forage legumes their rolein the improvement of ruminant pasture bloat [J].Basic Life Science, 1992, 59:915
Mauch-Mani B., Slusarenko A.[J] Plant Cell.,1996,8:203-212
Mao A-J, Wang Y-J, Feng L-X, et al. Study on the Relative Biochemical Mechanism Induced by Salicylic Acid Against Phytophthora capsici in Pepper (Capsicum annuum).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin.2005,21(5):211-223
Marfa A. Sancho. Silvia Milrad de Forchetti, Fernado Pliego, Victoriano Valpuestao Miguel A .Quesada. Peroxidase activity and isoenzymes in the culture medium of NaCl adapted tomato suspension cells.Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.1996, 44:161-167
Mote U.N., Dasgupta D R, GangulyA K. Sequential development of deaminases in resistant and susceptible tomato varieties an Journal of Nematology, 1993, 20(2):127-137
Nagesh M., Reddy P.P., Janakiram T., et al Sequential bio-chemical changes in roots of Callistephus chinensis lines resistant and susceptible to Meloidogyne in cognitarace 90[J]. Nematologia Mediterranea, 1999, 27(1):39-42
Hanna Laukkanen, HelyHaggman, SariKontunen2Soppela, AnjaHohtola. Tissue browning of in vitro cultures of Scots pine: Role ofper2oxidase and polyphenol oxidase[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 1999, 106:337-343
Ryan C. A. Oligosaccharide as recognition signals for the expression of defensive genes in plants[J]. Biochemistry, 1988, 27:8879-8883
Rhoades D.F., Cates R G. Toward a general theory of plant anti-herbivore chemistry[J]. Rec. Adv. Phytochem, 1976, 10:168-182
Ryan C. A. Oligosaccharide as recognition signals for the expression of defensive genes in plants[J]. Biochemistry, 1988, 27:8879-8883
Rafi M.M., Zemetra R.S., Quisenberry S.S. Interaction between Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera:Aphididae) and resistance and susceptible genotype of wheat.J. Econ.Entomol, 1996, 89 (1):239-246
Scriber J M, Ayres M P. Leaf chemistry as a defense against insects [J]. Plant Animal Sec., 1988(1):117-123
SchoonhovenLM, JermyT, VanLoonJJA, et al. Plant chemistry: sndless variety.Ininsect-plant biology: from physiology to evolution[M].Chapman&Hall, London,1980:31-82
Schultz J C. Tannin-insect interactions. In Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins (R.W. Hemingway andJ.J.Karchesy eds.)[J].Plenum Press, New York, 1989:417-433
Swain S C, Ganguly A.K., Umarao. Race specific biochemical responses in differential hostsagainst the root-knotnematode, Meloidogyne incognita[J].Indian Journal of Nematology, 2004, 34(1):26-32
Souza E J. Host plant resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in wheat and barley. In Quisenberry S.S.,Peairs F B eds. Proceedings: Response Model for an Introduced Pest-the Russian Wheat Aphid. Maryland: Thomas Say Publi-cations in Entomology,Entomological Society of America,1998,122-147
Unger L.M., Quisenberry S S. Effect of antibiotic plant resisitance on the reproductive fitness of the Russian wheat aphid (Ho-moptera: Aphididae). J.Econ. Entomol, 1997, 90 (6):1 697-1701
WUF Z.,HUANG C.H., ZHAO F Y·Effects of Phenolic Acids on Growth and Activities of Membrance Protective Enzymes of Cucumber Seedlings [J]. Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35 (7):821-825
Yan Lin, Wang Gang, Chang Zhong Liu. Number of Larval Instars and Stadium Duration of Gynaephora menyuanensis (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Qinghai-Ti-betan Plateau in China [J]. Ann. Entomol. Soc., Am., 2006, 96(6):1012-1018