不同玉米种质苗期根系性状的研究
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摘要
试验于2009-2010年在河北农业大学培养室进行,采用了12个玉米杂交种与14个自交系为材料,系统研究了苗期(播种-7叶期)植株的生长发育动态,并对根系的生长发育及根系性状特征(根系质量、体积、根长密度、根系表面积和入土角度等)进行了重点研究。本研究对进一步明确不同种质的根系形状特征、地上地下关系以及根系性状与耐旱性的关系都具有重要的理论与实践意义。研究得到以下结果:
1.针对盆栽法对根系研究的不便,首先研究创立了生长袋培养法。通过盆栽法和生长袋培养法比较试验,认为采用生长袋法研究玉米苗期地上部和地下部性状具有实际可行性和明显的优越性,为进一步研究不同种质的根系性状提供了技术支撑。采用生长袋法培养结合钉板固定洗根可以方便地研究根系性状,比如根系节根层数与数量,节根各层次的入土角度等。生长袋制作方便、价格低廉,占地空间小,可为大批量玉米种质根系性状筛选研究以及其他作物根系研究提供了便利的研究方法。
2.研究了不同环境因素对苗期玉米生长发育的影响。研究认为,在本试验条件下,以每个生长袋施1.0g尿素较有利于幼苗的生长发育;供水量试验认为,以每个生长袋每次供水100ml较为合理;比较了壤土和沙质土玉米幼苗培养效果,以壤土更适合玉米地上和地下的发育。
3.比较了郑单958和CN165两品种的生长发育动态,两个品种地上部与根系的各个指标之间具有显著的差异;郑单958的各个指标随着叶龄期的延长增加的幅度较大,而CN165的各个指标增幅度较小。CN165是抗旱品种,其植株矮小,节根数量较少可能与其节水抗旱有关。
4.通过对12个玉米杂交种和14个自交系比较研究可见:杂交种在地上地下发育均比自交系有明显的优势,在7叶期株高、叶面积、地上和地下干重均达到显著差异,但根冠比差异未达显著水平。耐旱种质CN-165根系质量虽然不及其他杂交种,但根长、体积和吸收面积在0-20cm所占的比例较高。与自交系相比,杂交种的浅层根系性状所占的比例要高于自交系。
5.比较不同种质各层节根的根系入土角度可见,不同种质根系的平均入土角度各不相同,不同种质随节根层数的上升,角度逐渐减小。比较不同种质第二层根系分布情况可见,耐旱种质CN165、中单8578、冀玉10、浚单20根系生长角度较大,造成浅层根系较多;而耗水较多的品种先玉335、郑单958、蠡玉18、永研4的根系的下扎角度较小,造成内围根系的质量要高于外围。不同种质具有特有的根系性状。根系的入土角度与耐旱性的关系有待进一步研究。
Experiment was conducted in cultivating room of college of Agronomy, AUH during 2009-2010 with 12 hybrids and 14 inbred lines of maize. The growth and development of seedling (from sowing to 7 leaf stage) were studied, and the focus were on the growth and development of root system and its characteristics including root mass, volume, root length density, surface area and root angle. This study was of great meaning in both theory and practices in further explicit the root characteristics of different maize germplasm, the relationship between shoot and root, and the relations between root character and drought tolerant. The results are showed as follows.
1. Growing bag culture method was first set up based on the inconvenient of pot culture method in root character study. Compared with the 2 culture methods it could be found easily that growing bag method was more practicable and advantageous than pot culture method in studying the relationship between shoot and root of maize seedlings, and it was also a good culture method for the study of root characteristics of different germplasm. Using growing bag culture method combined with peg board fixing and root washing the root characteristics could be studied easily, such as the measurement of second root layers, root number, root angles of different root layers, and so on. The growing bag could be made easily and cheap, took little room. This method can be used in massive screening of root character of maize germplasm, even in the root study of other crops.
2. Effect of environment factors on the growth and development of maize seedlings were studied. The results showed that maize seedling grew well at 1.0g urea per growing bag; irrigated 100ml water per bag every 3 days was reasonable for good seedling growing; compared with the sandy soil maize seedling grew well on loam soil.
3. The growth and development of maize varieties Zhengdan 958 and CN165 was compared and a significant different was showed both in shoot and root characters. Every item of Zhengdan 958 increased at a big extent with the leaf stage, while for CN165 the scale was much lower. CN165 is a drought tolerant variety, the short plant and less second root number might have something to do with its water-saving and drought tolerant.
4. It could be found from the comparison of 12 hybrids and 12 inbred lines that hybrids grew well than inbred lines both in shoot and root, and there were significant difference in plant height, leaf area, shoot and root dry weight at 7 leaf stage, but the difference was not significant in root and shoot ratio. Though the root mass of drought tolerant variety CN165 was lower than other varieties, its root length and volume and root surface area took a higher proportion at 0-20 cm soil layer. Compared with inbred lines the hybrids had a much more proportion of roots within the shallow soil layer.
5. The root angle of every maize germplasm at root layers was measured, and the average angle was different. The root angles were decreased with the increase of root layers. Root distribution of the 2nd root layer was checked, the results showed that the root angles were a little bigger in drought tolerant germplasm, such as CN165, Zhongdan 8578, Jiyu 10, and Xundan 20, causing more roots distributed in the shallow soil layer; while for other germplasm like Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, Liyu 18, and Yongyan 4 need much water and the root angles were smaller, caused the root mass concentrated in the inner plant axis other than the out range. Different maize germplasm had there proper root characters. The relationships between root angle and the ability of drought tolerant need further study.
1.针对盆栽法对根系研究的不便,首先研究创立了生长袋培养法。通过盆栽法和生长袋培养法比较试验,认为采用生长袋法研究玉米苗期地上部和地下部性状具有实际可行性和明显的优越性,为进一步研究不同种质的根系性状提供了技术支撑。采用生长袋法培养结合钉板固定洗根可以方便地研究根系性状,比如根系节根层数与数量,节根各层次的入土角度等。生长袋制作方便、价格低廉,占地空间小,可为大批量玉米种质根系性状筛选研究以及其他作物根系研究提供了便利的研究方法。
2.研究了不同环境因素对苗期玉米生长发育的影响。研究认为,在本试验条件下,以每个生长袋施1.0g尿素较有利于幼苗的生长发育;供水量试验认为,以每个生长袋每次供水100ml较为合理;比较了壤土和沙质土玉米幼苗培养效果,以壤土更适合玉米地上和地下的发育。
3.比较了郑单958和CN165两品种的生长发育动态,两个品种地上部与根系的各个指标之间具有显著的差异;郑单958的各个指标随着叶龄期的延长增加的幅度较大,而CN165的各个指标增幅度较小。CN165是抗旱品种,其植株矮小,节根数量较少可能与其节水抗旱有关。
4.通过对12个玉米杂交种和14个自交系比较研究可见:杂交种在地上地下发育均比自交系有明显的优势,在7叶期株高、叶面积、地上和地下干重均达到显著差异,但根冠比差异未达显著水平。耐旱种质CN-165根系质量虽然不及其他杂交种,但根长、体积和吸收面积在0-20cm所占的比例较高。与自交系相比,杂交种的浅层根系性状所占的比例要高于自交系。
5.比较不同种质各层节根的根系入土角度可见,不同种质根系的平均入土角度各不相同,不同种质随节根层数的上升,角度逐渐减小。比较不同种质第二层根系分布情况可见,耐旱种质CN165、中单8578、冀玉10、浚单20根系生长角度较大,造成浅层根系较多;而耗水较多的品种先玉335、郑单958、蠡玉18、永研4的根系的下扎角度较小,造成内围根系的质量要高于外围。不同种质具有特有的根系性状。根系的入土角度与耐旱性的关系有待进一步研究。
Experiment was conducted in cultivating room of college of Agronomy, AUH during 2009-2010 with 12 hybrids and 14 inbred lines of maize. The growth and development of seedling (from sowing to 7 leaf stage) were studied, and the focus were on the growth and development of root system and its characteristics including root mass, volume, root length density, surface area and root angle. This study was of great meaning in both theory and practices in further explicit the root characteristics of different maize germplasm, the relationship between shoot and root, and the relations between root character and drought tolerant. The results are showed as follows.
1. Growing bag culture method was first set up based on the inconvenient of pot culture method in root character study. Compared with the 2 culture methods it could be found easily that growing bag method was more practicable and advantageous than pot culture method in studying the relationship between shoot and root of maize seedlings, and it was also a good culture method for the study of root characteristics of different germplasm. Using growing bag culture method combined with peg board fixing and root washing the root characteristics could be studied easily, such as the measurement of second root layers, root number, root angles of different root layers, and so on. The growing bag could be made easily and cheap, took little room. This method can be used in massive screening of root character of maize germplasm, even in the root study of other crops.
2. Effect of environment factors on the growth and development of maize seedlings were studied. The results showed that maize seedling grew well at 1.0g urea per growing bag; irrigated 100ml water per bag every 3 days was reasonable for good seedling growing; compared with the sandy soil maize seedling grew well on loam soil.
3. The growth and development of maize varieties Zhengdan 958 and CN165 was compared and a significant different was showed both in shoot and root characters. Every item of Zhengdan 958 increased at a big extent with the leaf stage, while for CN165 the scale was much lower. CN165 is a drought tolerant variety, the short plant and less second root number might have something to do with its water-saving and drought tolerant.
4. It could be found from the comparison of 12 hybrids and 12 inbred lines that hybrids grew well than inbred lines both in shoot and root, and there were significant difference in plant height, leaf area, shoot and root dry weight at 7 leaf stage, but the difference was not significant in root and shoot ratio. Though the root mass of drought tolerant variety CN165 was lower than other varieties, its root length and volume and root surface area took a higher proportion at 0-20 cm soil layer. Compared with inbred lines the hybrids had a much more proportion of roots within the shallow soil layer.
5. The root angle of every maize germplasm at root layers was measured, and the average angle was different. The root angles were decreased with the increase of root layers. Root distribution of the 2nd root layer was checked, the results showed that the root angles were a little bigger in drought tolerant germplasm, such as CN165, Zhongdan 8578, Jiyu 10, and Xundan 20, causing more roots distributed in the shallow soil layer; while for other germplasm like Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, Liyu 18, and Yongyan 4 need much water and the root angles were smaller, caused the root mass concentrated in the inner plant axis other than the out range. Different maize germplasm had there proper root characters. The relationships between root angle and the ability of drought tolerant need further study.
引文
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